University  of  California. 


7 


FROM  THE  LIBRARY  OF 

Dr.  MARTIN  KELLOGG. 

GIFT  OF  MRS.  LOUISE  B.  KELLOGG 


No. 


CHASE  AND  STUABT'S  CLASSICAL  SEBIES. 

SELECTIONS 

J*  y 

FBOMTHE         1(^\C<Z^^ 

SATIRES  OF  JUVENAL. 

TO  WHICH  IS  ADDED  THE 

FIFTH  SATIRE  OF  PERSIUS. 

BY 

THOMAS  CHASE, 

M. A.  OF  HARVARD  COLLEGE. 
PRESIDENT    OF    HAVERFORO    COLLEGE. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

ELDREDGE  &  BROTHER, 

No.  17  North  Seventh  Street. 

1880. 


I  lid 


& 


4? 


*w 


-*&&?- 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1876,  by 

ELDREDGE   &   BROTHER, 
in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


*n 


"V; 


s^^ %t*i ^^f 

J.   PAGAN    &    80N,  |&£m, 

ELECTROTYPERS,    PHILAD'A.     */& 

-^SX. ^3s 


CAXTON  PRESS  OF  SHERMAN  £  CO. 


PREFACE. 

rPHE  text  in  these  selections  is  based  upon  that 
of  Jahn;  but  in  doubtful  or  disputed  places  I 
have  used  an  independent  judgment,  the  grounds 
of  which  will  be  found  stated  in  the  Notes. 

Few  ancient  authors  impose  a  heavier  task  upon 
the  commentator  than  Juvenal,  both  on  account 
of  occasional  obscurities  of  meaning  and  corrup- 
tions of  the  text,  and  from  the  large  number  of 
antiquarian  and  historical  allusions  which  require 
explanation.  I  submit  my  labors  to  the  judg- 
ment of  competent  scholars,  hoping  that  they  will 
contribute  to  the  successful  and  interested  study 
of  a  writer  in  whose  terse  and  sententious  diction 
the  Latin  language  shows  some  of  its  highest 
capabilities. 

Room  has  been  made  to  insert  one  of  the  satires 
of  Persius,  to  give  a  taste  of  the  peculiar  quality 
of  an  author,  who,  if  dainty  and  bookish,  is  at- 
tractive for  his  moral  elevation  and  earnestness. 

T.  C. 

iii 


INTRODUCTION 


IN  various  manuscripts  of  Juvenal  short  lives  of  the 
satirist  are  to  be  found,  one  of  which  is  not  uncommonly 
supposed  to  have  been  written  by  the  grammarian  Pro- 
bus,  although  it  is  published  among  the  memoirs  attrib- 
uted to  Suetonius.  There  are  but  few  references  to  the 
personal  history  of  their  author  in  the  Satires  themselves ; 
for  the  reticent  Juvenal  is  very  unlike  the  confiding  Hor- 
ace, who  wears  his  heart  upon  his  sleeve.  Putting  together 
such  scanty  indications  of  the  facts  as  we  have  from  these 
two  sources,  an  imperfect  sketch  may  be  made  of  a  biog- 
raphy, which  I  will  give  nearly  in  the  words  of  Macleane  : 
"  Decimus  Junius  Juvenalis  was  born,  possibly  at 
Aquinum  in  Latium,  about  the  beginning  of  Nero's  reign, 
that  is  soon  after  a.  d.  54,  of  respectable  parents,  his 
father  being  a  rich  libertinus,  and  he  himself  therefore 
ingenuus.  He  received  the  usual  education  of  a  Roman 
boy  and  youth,  attending  a  school  of  rhetoric  after  the 
grammar-school.  He  took  the  toga  virilis  about  the  be- 
ginning of  Vespasian's  reign,  a.  d.  70,  and  having  learnt 
rhetoric,  continued  to  practise  it  as  a  man,  not  profession- 
ally, but  for  his  own  amusement.  Soon  after  the  year 
100,  in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Trajan,  Juvenal 
first  published  a  volume  of  Satires  (of  which  the  first  in 
our  collection  was  one),  having  already  recited  them  to 
large  audiences.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  some  of  these, 
or  parts  of  them,  had  been  composed  in  the  reign  of  Do- 
A2  v 


VI  INTRODUCTION. 

mitian  (a.  d.  81-96),  or  even  earlier,  but  that  the  poet 
had  not  ventured  to  make  them  public.  He  continued 
to  write  freely  during  Trajan's  reign,  which  ended  A.  d. 
117,  when  Juvenal  was  about  sixty,  and  during  the  early 
years  of  Hadrian's  reign,  that  is,  till  about  A.  D.  120.  In 
this  reign  he  may  have  lived  in  comfort  through  the 
liberality  of  the  emperor,  though  his  household  was  on  a 
frugal  scale,  as  he  tells  us  in  Sat.  xi.,  from  which  (verse 
65)  we  learn  that  he  had  property  at  Tibur.  It  is  not 
impossible  he  may  have  lived  till  the  accession  of  Anto- 
ninus Pius,  who  succeeded  Hadrian  a.  d.  138,  when 
Juvenal  was  eighty  or  a  little  more." 

I  have  omitted  in  this  sketch  any  allusion  to  Juve- 
nal's banishment,  on  account  of  the  great  uncertainty 
which  attends  the  whole  subject.  The  pseudo-Suetonius 
says  of  Juvenal,  "  Having  written  a  clever  satire  of  a 
few  verses  on  Paris  the  pantomimus,  and  a  poet  of  his 
who  was  puffed  up  with  his  paltry  six  months'  military 
rank,  he  took  pains  to  perfect  himself  in  this  kind  of 
writing^  And  yet  for  a  very  long  time  he  did  not  ven- 
ture to  trust  anything  even  to  a  small  audience.  But 
after  a  while  he  was  heard  by  great  crowds,  and 
with  great  success,  several  times ;  so  that  he  was  led  to 
insert  in  his  new  writings  those  verses  which  he  had 
written  first : 

quod  non  dant  proceres,  dabit  histrio  :  tu  Camerinos 

et  Bareas,  tu  nobilium  magna  atria  curas  ? 

praefectos  Pelopea  facit,  Philomela  tribunos.  —  (vii.  90  sqq.) 

"  The  player  was  at  that  time  one  of  the  favorites  at 
court,  and  many  of  his  supporters  were  daily  promoted. 
Juvenal,  therefore,  fell  under  suspicion  as  one  who  had 
covertly  censured  the  times ;  and  forthwith,  under  color 


INTRODUCTION.  Vll 

of  military  promotion,  though  he  was  eighty  years  of  age, 
he  was  removed  from  the  city,  and  sent  to  be  praefectus 
of  a  cohort  which  was  stationed  in  the  farthest  part  of 
Egypt.  That  sort  of  punishment  was  determined  upon 
as  being  suited  to  a  light  and  jocular  offence.  Within 
a  very  short  time  he  died  of  vexation  and  disgust." 

There  are  things  intrinsically  difficult  of  credence  in 
this  story,  and  it  is  told  with  great  variations  in  the  dif- 
ferent manuscript  lives.  The  part  of  the  offended  empe- 
ror is  played  by  Nero  and  Trajan,  as  well  as  Domitian, 
and  three  of  the  lives  make  Scotland  the  scene  of  the 
exile,  whither  Juvenal  is  sent  as  praefectus  militum  in 
the  hope  that  he  would  be  killed  in  battle.  Of  recent 
scholars  who  accept  the  banishment,  Hermann  makes 
Domitian  send  the  satirist  to  Scotland,  Friedlauder  dates 
the  event  under  Trajan,  with  whom  the  actor  Pylades 
had  great  influence,  Ribbeck  under  Hadrian.  Macleane 
discredits  the  whole  story,  although  allowing  that,  if 
placed  in  the  reign  of  Domitian,  it  is  not  chronologically 
impossible.  It  is  thought  that  Sidonius  Apollinaris  re- 
fers to  Juvenal  in  the  lines,  where,  after  mentioning  the 
banishment  of  Ovid,  he  adds : 

nee  qui  consiraili  deinde  casu 

ad  vulgi  tenuem  strepentis  auram 

iratifuit  histrionis  exstd.  —  Carm.  ix.  270. 

From  the  Satires  themselves,  it  would  appear  that  Ju- 
venal was  most  certainly  writing  after  Domitian  had 
perished  in  a.  d.  96,  for  he  speaks  of  the  death  of  that 
emperor  (iv.  153) ;  and  after  the  conviction  of  Marius 
Priscus  (i.  47),  which  we  know  to  have  taken  place  in 
a.  d.  100.  The  thirteenth  satire  was  probably  written  as 
late  as  a.  d.  127  (see  verse  17) ;  the  fifteenth  soon  after 
that  date  (see  verse  27). 


VU1  INTRODUCTION. 

There  are  three  epigrams  in  Martial  containing  allu- 
sions to  a  Juvenal  who  is  probably  our  satirist :  one  (vii. 
24)  against  a  slanderer  who  tried  to  bring  about  a  quarrel 
between  the  two  poets;  another  (vii.  91),  sent  with  a 
Saturnalian  present  of  nuts,  in  which  the  recipient  is 
addressed  as  "  facunde  Juvenalis ;"  and  a  third  (xii.  18), 
which  begins  with  the  following  lines : 

Dura  tu  forsitan  inquietus  erras 
clamosa,  Juvenalis,  in  Subura, 
aut  collem  dorainae  teris  Dianae, 
dum  per  limina  te  potentiorum 
sudatrix  toga  ventilat,  vagumque 
major  Caelius  et  minor  fatigant, 
me  multos  repetita  post  Decembres 
accepit  mea  rusticumque  fecit 
auro  Bilbilis  et  superba  ferro. 

One  other  witness  has  come  down  to  us  from  the  times 
of  our  poet.  There  is  an  inscription  (Mommsen  Inscr. 
Neapol.  4312)  at  Aquinum,  which  (with  the  omissions 
supplied  in  small  letters)  runs  thus : 

cereRI  •  SACRVM 

d.iuNIVS  •  IVVENALIS 

tRIb  •  COH  •  i.  DELMATARVM 

II  •  VIR  •  QVINQ  •  FLAMEN 

DIVI  •  VESPASIANI 

VOVIT  •  DEDICAVitqVE 

SVA         PEC 

The  inscription  marks  an  altar  dedicated  by  Juvenal 
to  the  Helvina  Ceres  mentioned  in  Sat.  iii.  320. 

The  most  interesting  speculation  of  recent  times  in  re- 
gard to  our  author  was  originated  by  Ribbeck,  in  his 
treatise  Der  echte  und  der  uneehte  Juvenal,  which  appeared 
in  Berlin  in  1865.  According  to  this  acute  scholar,  the 
first  nine  satires,  —  with  the  exception  of  verses  1--36  in 
the  fourth,  —  the  eleventh  satire,  —  with  the  exception 


INTRODUCTION.  IX 

of  verses  1-55,  —  and  possibly  the  sixteenth,  are  the 
only  genuine  productions  of  Juvenal  preserved  to  us, 
and  they  themselves  are  disfigured  with  interpolations, 
corruptions,  and  transpositions  of  verses.  The  remain- 
ing satires,  together  with  the  introductions  to  the  fourth 
and  eleventh,  are  the  tasteless  forgeries  of  some  unknown 
declamator,  a  hungry  commonplace  poet,  to  whose  combi- 
nation with  a  speculating  bookseller  they  owe  their  origin. 

That  there  is  a  marked  difference  between  the  two 
divisions  of  the  reputed  works  of  Juvenal  which  Ribbeck 
has  made,  cannot  be  denied.  The  satires  admitted  to  be 
genuine,  deal  directly  with  men,  manners,  vices,  follies, 
and  are  a  rich  storehouse  of  information  in  regard  to  the 
condition  of  Roman  society  in  the  time  when  they  were 
written.  They  are  the  indignant  voice  of  a  live  man 
lashing  real  vices  of  real  men.  The  satires  of  the  other 
class  are  declamations  on  stock  themes,  illustrated  by 
stock  characters,  —  Alexander,  Hannibal,  Priam,  gods 
and  goddesses.  They  could  have  been  written  by  a  re- 
cluse pedant ;  the  others  could  only  have  come  from  a 
man  of  vigorous  sense  and  keen  observation,  who  knew 
the  world.  In  literary  execution,  the  satires  of  the 
second  class  are  inferior  to  those  of  the  first ;  it  has  been 
charged  against  them,  not  without  truth,  that  they  are 
spun  out,  their  style  is  sometimes  turgid,  the  illustrations 
sometimes  inapt.  These  differences  Ribbeck  undoubtedly 
exaggerates.  He  speaks  of  the  declamator  with  a  con- 
tempt quite  unwarranted.  There  are  great  beauties  in 
the  disputed  satires,  —  whatever  their  defects, — to  which 
the  world  will  never  refuse  its  admiration. 

Ribbeck  has  probably  succeeded  in  opening  a  question 
which  will  never  be  fully  settled.  The  vital  defect,  how- 
ever, of  his  argument  lies  in  the  impossibility  of  fixing 


X  INTRODUCTION. 

the  precise  limits  of  possible  variation  in  quality  between 
different  productions  of  the  same  mind.  It  would  not 
be  difficult  to  cite  among  the  acknowledged  works  of 
other  authors,  ancient  and  modern,  instances  of  as  great 
difference  as  exists  between  these  two  divisions  of  Juve- 
nal's satires.  Nor  is  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  the 
variance  impossible.  The  lively,  vigorous,  burning  satires 
wrote  themselves.  Fecit  indignatio  versum.  The  others 
were  written  in  cold  blood,  either  (as  I  think  it  most 
probable)  by  a  man  whose  reputation  was  already  estab- 
lished, so  that  he  had  a  market  for  his  wares,  and  at  an 
advanced  age  when  calm  reflection  and  even  common- 
place generalization  are  more  natural  than  keen  observa- 
tion and  impetuous  sallies  of  temper,  or  by  a  young  rhet- 
orician whose  fiery  zeal  is  yet  to  be  excited  when  he 
leaves  his  books  and  reads  in  actual  life  the  stern  lessons 
of  which  the  seething  mass  of  Roman  society  in  the  im- 
perial times  was  full. 

We  have  more  reason  to  doubt  whether  all  the 
satires  as  we  have  them  received  their  author's  final 
touches  and  editorial  revision.  Carelessness  may  account 
for  some  of  the  faults  which  have  been  charged  to  forgery. 

It  is  generally  safe  to  leave  a  reader  to  discover  and 
observe  for  himself  the  characteristics  of  the  author  who 
engages  his  attention  ;  but  I  can  hardly  refrain  from  in- 
serting here  some  lively  remarks  of  Lewis  upon  the 
great  Roman  satirist : 

"  In  depicting  character,  in  drawing  scenes,  even  in 
turns  of  expression,  Juvenal  is,  of  all  ancient  authors, 
the  most  distinctly  modern.  His  scenes  are  manipulated 
with  a  few  broad  touches,  in  which  the  salient  points  are 
always  brought  into  the  foreground  ;  and  it  has  been  well 
observed  that  a  painter  of  kindred  genius  would  have 


INTRODUCTION.  XI 

small  difficulty  in  transferring  them  to  canvas.  If  we 
believed  in  the  metempsychosis  doctrine,  we  might  almost 
suppose  that  the  soul  of  Juvenal  reappeared  in  Hogarth. 
The  crowd  hurrying  to  the  sportula  or  i  dole ; '  the  streets 
of  Rome  by  day  and  night ;  the  court  of  Domitian,  his 
worthless  parasites  and  their  trumpery  subjects  of  dis- 
cussion ;  the  poor  dependent  dining  with  the  rich  patron, 
and  the  insults  he  is  exposed  to ;  the  senator's  wife  elop- 
ing with  a  gladiator;  the  interior  of  fashionable  ladies' 
boudoirs,  and  the  frivolous  pursuits  and  superstitions  of 
ladies  of  rank ;  the  arts  and  shifts  of  starveling  poets ; 
the  nobleman  addicted  to  the  turf ;  the  aspect  of  the  city 
on  the  fall  of  a  great  minister;  a  Ute-a-iUe  supper  of  two 
friends :  these  and  many  other  scenes  of  Roman  life  are 
brought  before  us  with  the  vivid  touches  of  a  Defoe  or  a 
Swift.  They  are  '  sketches '  in  the  modern  sense ;  and 
I  know  of  nothing  exactly  resembling  them  in  any  other 
ancient  author.  The  modes  of  expression,  again,  the 
turns  of  thought,  the  humor,  are  often  distinctly  modern, 
and  such  as  we  should  look  for  in  the  pages  of  Fielding 
or  Thackeray.  The  upstart  coming  on  in  his  litter, 
which  is  '  filled  up  by  himself; '  the  poor  man  who  had 
nothing,  it  is  true,  ■  but  who  lost  all  that  nothing '  in  the 
fire ;  the  sycophant  who,  when  his  patron  complains  of 
the  heat,  immediately  '  sweats  ; '  '  the  rustic  infant  in 
his  mother's  lap,  gazing  with  horror  at  the  frightful  mask 
of  the  actor '  when  taken  to  the  play ;  the  chaff,  as  we 
style  it,  of  the  fast  young  Roman  noble  directed  against 
the  plebeian  whom  he  is  going  to  pommel,  *  Whose 
vinegar  and  beans  are  you  distended  with  ?  What 
cobbler  have  you  been  supping  off  sheep's-head  with,  you 
beggar  ? '  the  description  of  the  fight,  *  if  fight  it  may 
be  called,  where  one  man  does  the  pommelling  and  the 


XU  INTRODUCTION. 

other  man's  part  is  limited  to  being  pommelled ; '  the 
prayer  of  the  poor  wretch  that  he  may  be  allowed  to  re- 
turn home  'with  a, few  teeth  left  him;  '  the  compliment 
of  the  fisherman  on  presenting  an  enormous  turbot  to 
Domitian,  '  Depend  upon  it,  sire,  the  fish  got  himself 
caught  on  purpose ! '  the  school-master  whose  class  pro- 
ceeds to  'destroy  wicked  tyrants/  and  whose  head  is 
made  to  ache  by  that  '  dreadful  Hannibal ; '  Hannibal 
himself  stalking  across  the  Alps  'in  order  to  amuse 
school-boys,  and  be  turned  into  the  theme  for  an  exercise ; ' 
the  exclamations  of  the  Romans  on  hearing  of  the 
fall  of  Sejanus,  '  Believe  me,  there  was  something  about 
that  man  which  I  never  liked.  What  a  repulsive 
countenance  he  had,  to  be  sure ! '  the  picture  of  the  old 
ex-Dictator,  in  the  primitive  times,  trudging  off  with 
a  spade  over  his  shoulder  to  a  supper  party,  where 
bacon  and  perhaps  a  trifle  of  fresh  meat  were  to  be  the 
fare,  '  with  a  dash  of  haste '  so  as  to  be  sure  to  be 
in  time ;  the  advice  to  the  civilian  in  a  dispute  with 
soldiers  never  to  commence  an  action,  with  only  two  legs 
to  plead  against  a  thousand  hobnails ;  such  turns  of  ex- 
pression as  '  the  fires,  the  falling  in  of  roofs,  the  thousand 
perils  of  cruel  Rome,  last  of  all,  the  poets  reciting  in  the 
dog-days;'  or  again,  in  a  comparison  of  Orestes  and 
Nero,  'At  any  rate,  Orestes  did  not  murder  his  sister  and 
his  wife,  he  did  not  poison  his  relations,  he  did  not  write 
rubbishy  poems  about  Troy ;'  the  remark  about  Horace, 
'  Horace  has  had  enough  to  eat  when  he  cries  out '  Euoe !' — 
examples  of  this  kind  might  be  multiplied  in  support  of  my 
assertion  that  there  is  in  Juvenal  a  humor  quite  distinct 
from  the  quaint  humor  of  Plautus  and  the  delicate  banter 
of  Horace,  of  which  no  example  existed  previous  to  his 
time  in  Roman  literature,  while  modern  literature  fur- 
nishes much  that  is  akin  to  it." 


rtn      I 


D.  IVNII   IVVENALIS 
SATVRAE. 

I. 

Semper  ego  auditor  tantum  ?  nuraquamne  reponam 

vexatus  totiens  rauci  Theseide  Cordi  ? 

impune  ergo  mihi  recitaverit  ille  togatas, 

hie  elegos  ?  impune  diem  consumpserit  ingens 

Telephus,  aut  summi  plena  jam  margine  libri  5 

scriptus  et  in  tergo  nee  dum  finitus  Orestes  ? 

nota  magis  nulli  domus  est  sua,  quam  mihi  lucus 

Martis  et  Aeoliis  vicinum  rupibus  antrum 

Vulcani.     quid  agant  venti,  quas  torqueat  umbras 

Aeacus,  unde^afius  furtivae  devehat  aurum  10 

pelliculae,  quantas  jaculetur  Monychus  ornos, 

Frontonis  platani  convulsaque  marmora  clamant 

semper  et  adsiduo  ruptae  lectore  columnae :  ^i  ^ 

exspectes  eadem  a  sum  mo  minimoque  poeta. 

et  nos  ergo  manum  ferulae  subduximus,  et  nos  15 

consilium  dedimus  Sullae,  privatus  ut  altum 

dormiret ;  stulta  est  dementia,  cum  tot  ubique 

vatibus  occurras,  periturae  parcere  chartae.    •Q^-^c  ^  o**^ 

cur  tamen  hoc  potius  libeat  decurrere  campo, 

B  13 


14  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

per  quern  magnus  equos  Auruncae  flexit  alumnus,        20 
si  vacat  ac  placidi  rationem  admittitis,  edam. 

Cum  tener  uxorem  ducat  spado,  Mevia  Tuscum 
figat  aprum  et  nuda  teneat  venabula  mamma, 
patricios  omnis  opibus  cum  provocet  unus 
quo  tondente  gravis  juveni  mihi  barba  sonabat);  25 

cum  pars  Niliacae  plebis,  cum  verna  Canopi 
Crispin  us,  Tyrias  umero  revocante  lacernas, 
ventilet  aestivum  digitis  sudantibus  aurum, 
nee  sufferre  queat  majoris  pondera  gemmae, 
difficile  est  saturam  non  scribere.    nam  quis  iniquae     30 
tam  patiens  urbis,  tam :  ierreiis/ut  teneat  se, 
causidici  nova  cum  veniat  lectica  Mathonis 
plena  ipso,  post  hunc  magni  delator  amici 
et  cito  rapturus  de  nobilitate  comesa 
quod  superest,  quern  Massa  timet,  quem  munere  palpat 
Cams  et  a  trepido  Thymele  summissa  Latino  ?    .         36 
quid  referam  quanta  siccum  jecur  ardeat  ira,   '  45 

cum  populum  gregibus  comitum  premit  hie  spoliator 
pupilli  prostantis  ?  et  hie  damnatus  inani 
judicio  (quid  enim  salvis  infamia  nummis  ?) 
exul  ab  octava  Marius  bibit  et  fruitur  dis 
iratis,  at  tu  victrix  provincia  ploras  ?  50 

Haec  ego  non  credam  Venusina  digna  lucerna  ? 
haec  ego  non  agitgm?  sed  quid  magis?K;  Heracleas 
aut  Diomedeas  aut  mugitum  labyrinthi 
et  mare  percussum  puero  fabrumque  volantem  ? 
cum  leno  accipiat  moechi  bona,  si  capiendi  55 


SATVRA    I.  15 


jus  nullum  uxori,  doctus  spectare  lacunar, 

doctus  et  ad  calicem  vigilanti  stertere  naso ; 

cum  fas  esse  putet  curam  sperare  cohortis, 

qui  bona  douavit  praesepibus  et  caret  omni      • 

majorum  censu,  dum  pervolat  axe  citato  60 

Flaminiam  puer  Automedon  ;  nam  lora  tenebat 

ipse,  lacernatae  cum  se  jactaret  amicae ! 

nonne  libet  medio  ceras  implere  capaces 

quadrivio,  cum  jam  sexta  cervice  feratur, 

hinc  atque  inde  patens  ac  nuda  paene  cathedra  65 

et  multum  referens  de  Maecenat^jwpino, 

signator  falso,  qui  se  lautum  atque  beatum 

exiguis  tabulis  et  gemma  fecerat  uda  ? 

occurrit  matrona  potens,  quae  molle  Calenum 

porrectura  viro  miscet  sitiente  rubetam,  70 

instituitque  rudes^melior  Lucusta^propinquas 

per  famam  et  populum  nigros  efferre  maritos. 

aude  aliquid  brevibus  Gyaris  et  carcere  dignum, 

si  vis  esse  aliquid.     probitas  laudatur  et  alget. 

criminibus  debent  hortos,  praetoria,  mensas,  75 

argentum  vetus,  et  stantem  extra  pocula  caprum. 

quern  patitur  dormire  nurus  corruptor  avarae, 

quern  sponsae  turpes  et  praetextatus  adulter  ? 

si  natura  negat,  facit  indignatioversum, 

qualemcunque  potest,  quales  ego  vel  Cluvienus.  80  / 

Ex  quo  Deucalion,  nimbis  tollentibus  aequor, 
navigio  montem  ascendit  sortesque  poposcit, 
paulatimque  anima  caluerunt  mollia  saxa, 


A 


16  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

et  maribus  nudas  ostendit  Pyrra  puellas, 

quidquid  agunt  homines,  votum,  timor,  ira,  voluptas,   85 

gaudia,  discursus,  nostri  farrago  libelli  est. 

et  quando  uberior  vitiorum  copia?  quando 

major  avaritiae  patuit  sinus  ?  alea  quando 

hos  amnios  ?  neque  enim  loculis  comitantibus  itur 

ad  casum  tabulae,  posita  sed  luditur  area.  90 

proelia  quanta  illic  dispensatore  videbis  jfe     „** 

armigero !  simplexne  furor  sestertia  centum 

perdere,  et  horrenti  tunicam  non  reddere  servo  ? 

quis  totidem  erexit  villas,  quis  fercula  septem 

secreto  cenavit  avus  ?  nunc  sportula  primo  95 

limine  parva  sedet,  turbae  rapienda  togatae : 

ille  tamen  faciem  prius  inspicit  et  trepidat,  ne 

suppositus  venias  ac  falso  nomine  poscas. 

agnitus  accipies.    jubet  a  praecone  vocari 

ipsos  Trojugenas  (nam  vexant  limen  et  ipsi  100 

nobiscum)  :  i  da  praetori,  da  deinde  tribuno.' 

sed  libertinus  prior  est.    '  prior,'  inquit,  '  ego  adsum. 

cur  timeam  dubitemve  locum  defendere,  quamvis 

natus  ad  Euphraten,  molles  quod  in  aure  fenestrae 

arguerint,  licet  ipse  negem  ?  sed  quinque  tabernae      105 

quadringenta  parant.     quid  confert  purpura  major 

optandum,  si  Laurenti  custodit  in  agro 

conductas  Corvinus  oves,  ego  possideo  plus 

Pallante  et  Licinis  ? '  exspectent  ergo  tribuni, 

vincant  divitiae,  sacro  ne  cedat  honori  110 

nuper  in  hanc  urbem  pedibus  qui  venerat  albis ; 


SATVRA    I.  17 

quandoquidera  inter  nos  sanctissima  divitiarum 
majestas,  etsi,  funesta  Pecunia,  templo     ->v*^ 
nondum  habitas,  nullas  nummorum  ereximus  aras, 
ut  colitur  Pax  atque  Fides,  Victoria,  Virtus,  115 

quaeque  salutato  crepitat  Concordia  nido. 

Sed  cum  summus  honor  finitg  computet  anno 
sportula  quid  referat,  quantum  rationibus  addat, 
quid  facient  comites,  quibus  hinc  toga,  calceus  hinc  est 
et  panis  fum usque  domi  ?  densissima  centum  120 

quadrantes  lectica  petit,  sequiturque  maritum  y^t£-iJ(f~ 
languida  vel  praegnas  et  circumducitur  uxor, 
hie  petit  absenti,  nota  jam  callidus  arte, 
ostendens  vacuam  et  clausam  pro  conjuge  sellam. 
1  Galla  mea  est,'  inquit,  '  citius  dimitte.     moraris?      125 
profer,  Galla,  caput  1  noli  vexare,  quiescet.' 

Ipse  dies  pulchro  distinguitur  ordine  rerum  : 

sportula,  deinde  forum  jurisque  peritus  Apollo, 

atque  triumphales,  inter  quas  ausus  habere 

nescio  quis  titulos  Aegyptius  atque  Arabarches,  130 

cujus  ad  effigiem  non  tan  turn  meiere  fas  est.\ 

vastilmlLs  abeunt  veteres  lassique  clientes 

votaque  aeponunt,  quamquam  longissima  cenae 

spes  homiui :  caulis  miseris  atque  ignis  emendus. 

optima  silvarum  interea  pelagique  vorabit  135 

rex  norum,  vacuisque  tons  tantum  ipse  jacebit. 

nam  de  tot  pulchris  et  latis  orbibus  et  tam 

antiquis  una  comedunt  patrimonia  mensa. 

nullus  jam  parasitus  erit.     sed  quis  ferat  istas 
2  — Juv.  B2 


18  D.  IVNII    IVVENALI8 

luxuriae  sordes?  quanta  est  gula,  quae  sibi  totos         140 

ponit  apros,  animal  propter  convivia  natum ! 

poena  tamen  praesens,  cum  tu  deponis  amictus 

turgidus  et  crudum  pavonem  in  balnea  portas. 

hinc  subitae  mortes  atque  intestata  senectus, 

et,  nova  nee  tristis^per  cunctas  fabula  cenas,  145 

ducitur  iratis  plaudendum  funus  amicis. 

Nil  erit  ulterius,  quod  nostris  moribus  addat 
posteritas ;  eadem  facient  cupientque  minores ; 
omne  in  praecipiti  vitium  stetit ;  utere  velis, 
totos  pande  sinus !  dicas  hie  forsitan :  '  unde  150 

ingenium  par  materiae  ?  unde  ilia  priorum 
scribendi  quodcumque  animo  flagrante  liberet 
simplicitas,  "  cujus  non  audeo  dicere  nomen  ? 
quid  refert  cfectis  ignoscat  Mucius  an  non  ?  " 
pone  Tigellinum,  taeda  lucebis  in  ilia,  155 

qua  stantes  ardent,  qui  fixo  pectore  fumant, 
et  latum  media  sulcum  deducis  harena/ 
qui  dedit  ergo  tribus  patruis  aiconita,  vehatur 
pelisilibus  plumis,  atque  illinc  despiciat  nos  ? 
'cum  veniet  contra,  digito  compesce  labellum.  160 

accusator  erit  qui  verbum  dixerit  "  hie  est." 
securus  licet  Aenean  Rutulumque  ferocem 
committas,  nulli  gravis  est  percussus  Achilles 
aut  multum  quaesitus  Hylas  urnamque  secutus : 
ense  velut  stricto  quotiens  Lucilius  ardens  165 

infremuit,  rubet  auditor,  cui  frigida  mens  est 
criminibus,  tacita  sudant  praecordia  culpaT 


SATVRA    III.  19 

inde  irae  et  lacrimae.     tecum  prius  ergo  voluta 
haec  animo  ante  tubas,     galeatum  sero  duelli 
paenitet.' —  experiar,  quid  concedatur  in  illos,  170 

quorum  Flaminia  tegitur  cinis  atque  Latina. 

m. 

Quamvis  digressu  veteris  confusus  amici, 
laudo  tamen,  vacuis  quod  sedem  figere  Cumis 
destinet  atque  unum  civem  douare  Sibyllae. 
jauua  Baiarum  est  et  gratum  litus  amoeni 
secessus.     ego  vel  Prochytam  praepono  Suburae.  5 

nam  quid  tarn  miserum,  tam  solum  vidimus,  ut  non 
deterius  credas  horrere  incendia,  lapsus 
tectorum  adsiduos,  ac  mille  pericula  saevae 
urbis,  et  Augusto  recitantes  mense  poetas  ? 

Sed  dum  tota  domus  redaTcomponitur  una,  10 

substitit  ad  veteres  arcus  madidamque  Capenam. 
hie,  ubi  nocturnae  Numa  constituebat  amicae, 
nunc  sacri  fontis  nemus  et  delubra  locantur 
Judaeis,  quorum  co^flttnus  faen unique  supellex  ; 
(omnis  enim  populo  mercedem  pendere  jussa  est  15 

arbor,  et  ejectis  mendicat  silva  Camenis) ; 
in  vallem  Egeriae  descendimus  et  speluncas 
dissimiles  veris.     quanto  praesentius  esset 
numen  aquae,  viricji  si  margine  cluderet  undas 
herba  nee  in^enuum  violarent  marmora  tofum  !  20 

hie  tunc  Umbricius/quando  artibus/  inquit,  *  honestis 
nullus  in  urbe  locus,  nulla  emolumenta  laborum, 


20  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS  ^ 

res  hodie  minor  est  here  quam  fuit,  atque  eadem  eras 
deteret  exiguis  aliquid,  proponiraus  illuc 
ire,  fatigatas  ubi  Daedalus  exuit  alas,  25 

dura  nova  canities,  dum  prima  et  recta  senectus, 
dum  superest  Lachesi  quod  torqueat,  et  pedibus  me 
porto  meis  nullo  dextram  subeunte  bacillo. 
cedamus  patria.     vivant  Artorius  istic 
et  Catulus,  maneant  qui  nigrum  in  Candida  vertunt,     30 
quis  facile  est  aedfcm  conducere,  flumina,  portus, 
^lc^ndameluviem,  portandum  ad  Busta  cadaver, 
et  praebere  caput  domina  venale  sub  hasta. 
quondam  hi  cornicines  et  municipalis  harenae 
perpetui  comites  notaeque  per  oppida  buccae  35 

muneranunc  edunt,  et  verso  pollice  vulgus 
quem  jubet  occidunt  populariter;  inde  reversi 
conducunt  foricas,  et  cur  non  omnia  ?  cum  sint 
quales  ex  humili  magna  ad  fastigia  rerum 
extollit  quotiens  voluit  Fortuna  jocari.  40 

quid  Romae  faciam  ?  mentiri  nescio,  librum, 
si  malus  est,  nequeo  laudare  et  poscere,  motus 
astrorum  ignoro,  funus  promittere  patris 
nee  volo  nee  possum,  ranarum  viscera  numquam 
inspexi ;  ferre  ad  nuptam  quae  mittit  adulter,  45 

quae  mandat,  norunt  alii ;  me  nemo  ministro 
fur  erit,  atque  ideo  nulli  comes  exeo,  tamquam 
mancus  et  exstinctae  corpus  non  utile  dextrae. 
quis  nunc  diligitur,  nisi  conscius,  et  cui  fervens 
aestuat  occultis  animus  semperque  tacendis  ?  50 


SATVRA    III.  21 


nil  tibi  se  debere  putat,  nil  conferet  umquam, 
participem  qui  te  secreti  fecit  honesti  ; 
cams  erit  Verrj^  cmi  Verrem  tempore  quo  vult 
accusare  pocfet.     tanti  tibi  non  sit  opaci 
omnis  harena  Tagi  quodque  in  mare  vo>utur  aurum,  do 
*  ut  spmno  careas  ponendaque  praemia  sumas 

'^   tfLsKsTet  a  magno  semper  timearis  amico. 

Quae  nunc  divitibus  gens  acceptissima  nostris 
et  quos  praecipue  fugianr,  properabo  fateri, 
nee  pudor  obstabit.     non  possum  ferre,  Quirites,  60 

Graecam  urbem.    quamvis  quota  portio  faecis  Achaei  ? 
jam  pridem  Syrus,  in  Tiberim  defluxit^Orontes, 
et(  linguam  et  mores  et  cum  tiDicmechordas  &r*^"r*~ 

CA'^bliquas  nee  non  gentilia  tympana  secum 

vexit  et  ad  circum  jusgas  proKmre  puellas :  65 

ite  jmibus  grata  est  pictalujk  batrpara  mitrat^v/^^ 

rusticus  ille  tuus  sumit  trechedipna,  Quirine, 

et  ceromatico  fert\nJceteriaf collo!1 

hie  alta  Sicyone,  ast  hie  Amydone  relicta, 

hie  Andro,  ille  Samo,  hie  Trallibus  aut  Alabandis,      70 

Esquilias  diqtumque  petunt  a  vimine  collem, 

viscera  magnarum  domuum  dominique  futuri. 

ingenium  velox,  audacia  perdita,  sermo 


ltlC 


promptus  et  Isaeo  tbrreniior.     ede,  quid  ilium 
esse  putes  ?  quern  vis  hominem  secum  attulit  ad  nos :   75 
grammaticus,  rhetor,  geometres,  pictor,  aliptes,' 
augur,  scnoenobates,  medicus,  magus,  omnia  novit 
Graeculus  esuriens:  in  caelum,  jusseris,  ibit. 


22  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

in  sum  ma,  11011  Maurus  erat  neque  Sarmata  nee  Thrax 
qui  siimpsit  pinnas,  mediis  sed  natus  Athenis.  80 

(  horum  ego  non  fugiam  conchylia  ?  me  prior  ille 
signabit  fultusque  toro  meliore  recumbet, 
advectus  Romam  quo  pruna  et  cottona  vento? 
usque  adeo  nihil  est,  quod  nostra  infantia  caelum 
hausit  Aventini,  baca  nutrita  Sabina  ?)  85 

quid  quod  adulandi  gens  prudentissima  laudat 
sermonem  indocti,  faciem  deformis  amici, 
et  longum  invalidi  collum  cervicibus  aequat 
Herculis  Antaeum  procul  a  tellure  tenentis, 
miratur  vocem  angustam,  qua  deterius  nee  90 

ille  sonat  quo  mordetur  gallina  marito  ? 
haec  eadem  licet  et  nobis  laudare ;  sed  illis 
creditur.     an  melior,  cum  Thaida  sustinet  aut  cum 
uxorem  comoedus  agit  vel  Dorida  nullo 
cultam  palliolo  ?  mulier  nempe  ipsa  videtur,  95 

non  persona  loqui  £jracua  et  plana  omnia  dicas 
infra  ventriculum  et  tenui  distantia  rimaj 
nee  tamen  Antiochus,  nee  erit  mirabilis  illic 
aut  Stratocles  aut  cum  molli  Demetrius  Haemo : 
natio  comoeda  est.     rides,  majore  cachinno  100 

concutitur ;  flet,  si  lacrimas  conspexit  amici, 
nee  dolet ;  igniculum  brumae  si  tempore  poscas, 
ciccipit  enotroAiidem ;  si  dixeris  "  aestuo,"  sudat. 
[non  sumus  ergo  pares :  melior,  qui  semper  et  omni] 
nocte  dieque  potest  aliena  sumere  vultum  105 

a  facie,  jactare  manus,  laudare  paratus, 


SATVRA    III.  23 

si  bene  ructavit,  si  rectum  minxit  amicus, 

si  trulla  inverso  crepitum  dedit  aurea  fundo.  108 

et  quoniam  coepit  Graecorum  meutio,  transi/^^  j    114 

gymnasia  atque  audi  facinus  majoris  abollae.  ci*f+*J- 

stoicus  occidit  Baream  delator,  amicum 

discipulumque  senex,  ripa  nutritus  in  ilia, 

ad  quam  Gorgonei  delapsa  est  pinna  caballi. 

non  est  Romano  cuiquam  locus  hie,  ubi  regnat 

Protogenes  aliquis  vel  Diphilus  aut  Hermarchus,        120 

qui  gentis  vitio  numquam  partitur  amjeum, 

solus  habet ;  nam  cum  facile m  stillavit  in  aurem 

exiguum  de  naturae  patriaequeveneno, 

limine  summoveor,  perierunt  tempora  longi 

servitii ;  nusquam  minor  est  jactura  clientis.     ^  125 

Quod  porro  officium,  ne  nobis  blandiar,  aut  quod 
pauperis  hie  meritum,  si  curet  nocte  togatus 
currere,  cum  praetor  lictorem  impellat  et  ire 
praecipitem  jubeat,  dudum  vigilantibus  orbis? 
ne  prior  Albinam  et  Modiam  collega  salutet?  130 

da  testem  Romae  tam  sanctum,  quam  fuit  hospes        137 
numinis  Idaei,  procedat  vel  Numa  vel  qui 
servavit  trepidam  flagranti  ex  aede  Minervam : 
protinus  ad  censum,  de  moribus  ultima  fiet  140 

quacstio.     "quot  pascit  servos?  quot  possidet  agri 
jugera?  quam  multa  magnaque  paropside  cenat?" 
quantum  quisque  sua  nummorum  servat  in  area, 
tantum  habet  et  fidei.    jures  licet  et  Samothracum 
et  nostrorum  aras,  contemnere  fulmina  pauper  145 


24  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

creditur  atque  deos,  dis  ignoscentibus  ipsis. 

quid  quod  materiam  praebet  causasque  jocoruui 

omnibus  hie  idem,  si  foeda  et  scissa  lacerna, 

si  toga  sordidula  est  et  rupta  calceus  alter 

pelle  patet,  vel  si  consuto  vulnere  crassum  150 

atque  recens  Imumf ostendit  non  una  cicatrix  ? 

nil  habet  infelix  paupertas  durius  in  se, 

quam  quod  ridiculos  homines  facit.    "  exeat,"  inquit, 

"  si  pudor  est,  et  de  pulvino  surgat  equestri, 

cujus  res  legi  non  sufficit,  et  sedeant  hie  155 

lenonum  pueri  quocumque  e  fornice  nati ; 

hie  plaudat  nitidi  praeconis  Alius  inter 

pinnirapi  cultos  juvenes  juvenesque  lanistae; 

sic  libitum  vano,  qui  nos  distinxit,  Othoni." 

quis  gener  hie  placuit  censif  minor  atque  puellae        160 

sarcinulis  impar  ?  quis  pauper  scribitur  heres  ? 

quando  in  consilj.o  est  aedilibus  ?  agmine  facto 

debuerant  olim  lenues  migrasse^tjuirites. 

haut  facile  emergunt,  quorum  virtu tibus  obstat 

res  angusta  domi ;  sed  Romae  durior  illis  165 

conatus :  magno  hospitium  miserabile,  magno 

servorum  ventres,  et  frugi  cenula  magno. 

fictilibus  cenare  pudet,  quod  turpe  negabis 

translatus  subito  ad  Marsos  mensamque  Sabellam 

contentusque  illic  veneto  duroque  cucullo.  170 

pars  magna  Italiae  est,  si  verum  admittimus,  in  qua 

nemo  togam  sumit  nisi  mortuus.     ipsa  dierum 

festorum  herboso  colitur  si  quando  theatro 


SATVRA    III.  25 

majestas,  tandemque  redit  ad  pulpita  notum 

exodium,  cum  personae  pallentis  hiatum  175 

in  gremio  matris  formidat  rusticus  infans, 

aequales  habitus  illic  similesque  videbis 

orchestram  et  populum ;  clari  velameu  honoris 

sufficiunt  tunicae  summis  aedilibus^albae. 

hie  ultra^vires  hanSitus  nitor,  hie  aliquid  plus  180  «■* 

quam  satis  est.  interdum  alieua  sumitur  area. 

commune  id  vitium  est,  hie  vivimus  ambitiosa 

paupertate  omnes.     quid  te  moror  ?  omnia  Romae 

cum  pretio.     quid  das,  ut  Cossum  aliquando  salutes  ? 

ut  te  respiciat  clauso  Veiento  labello  ?  185 

ille  metit  barbam,  crinem  hie  deponit  amati, 

plena  domus  libis  venalibus.     accipe  et  istud 

fermentum  tibi  habe,  praestare  tributa  clientes 

cogimur  et  cultis  augere  peculia  servis. 

Quis  timet  aut  timuit  gelida  Praeneste  ruinam,       190 
aut  positis  nemorosa  inter  juga  Volsiniis,  aut 
simplicibus  Gabiis,  aut  proni  Tiburis  arce  ? 
nos  urbem  colimus  tenui  tibicine  fultam 
magna  parte  sui :  nam  sic  labentibus  obstat 
vilicus,  et,  veteris  rimae  cum  texit  hiatum,  195 

securos  penden^ejubet  dormire  ruina. 
vivendum  est  illic,  ubi  nulla  incendia,  nulli 
nocte  metus.  jam  poscit  aquam,  jam  frivola  transfert 
Ucalegon,  tabulata  tibi  jam  tertia  fumant, 
tu  nescis :  nam  si  gradibus  trepidatur  ab  imis,  200 

ultimus  ardebit,  quern  tegula  sola  tuetur 


26  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

a  pluvia,  molles  ubi  reddunt  ova  columbae. 

lectus  erat  Cojdro  Procula  minor,  urceoli  sex, 

ornamen turn  abaci,  nee  non  et  parvulus  infra 

cantnarus  et  recubans  sub  eodem  marmore  Chiron,     205 

jamque  vetus  Graecos  servabat  ci^ta  libellos, 

et  divina  opici  rodebant  carmina  mures. 

nil  habuit  Codrus,  quis  enim  negat  ?  et  tamen  illud 

perdidit  infelix  totum  nihil ;  ultimus  autem 

aerumnae  est  cumulus,  quod  nudum  et  frusta  rogantem  210 

nemo  cibo,  nemo  hospitio  tectoque  juvabit. 

si  magna  Asturici  cecidit  domus,  horrida  mater, 

pullati  proceres,  differt  vadimonia  praetor 

tunc  gemimus  casus  urbis,  tunc  odimus  ignem. 

ardet  adhuc,  et  jam  accurrit  qui  marmora  donet,         215 

conferat  impensas :  hie  nuda  et  Candida  signa, 

hie  aliquid  praeclarum  Euphranoris  et  Polycliti, 

phaecasiatorum  Vetera  prnamenta  deorum, 

hie  libros  dabit  et  forulos,  mediamque  Minervam, 

hie  modium  argenti.     meliora  ac  plura  reponit  220 

Persicus,  orborum  lautissimus,  et  merito  jam 

suspectus  tamquam  ipse  suas  incenderit  aedes. 

si  potes  avelli  circensibus,  optima  Sorae 

aut  Fabrateriae  domus  aut  Frusinone  paratur, 

quanti  nunc  tenebras  unum  conducis  in  annum.  225 

>  hortulus  hie  puteusque  brevis  nee  reste  movendus 

-  in  tenuis  plantas  facili  defunditur  haustu. 
vive  bidentis  amans  et  culti  vilicus  horti, 
unde  epulum  possis  centum  dare  Pythagoreis. 


SATVRA    III.  27 


est  aliquid,  quocumque  loco,  quocumque  re^essu,         230 
unius  sese  dominum  fecisse  lacertae.  S 

Pluriraus  hie  aeger  moritui;  vigilando ;  sed  ipsum 
languorem  peperit  cibus  inperiectuset  haerens 
ardenti  stomaeho  \  nam  quae  meritoria  somnum 
admittunt  ?  magnis  opibus  dormif ur  in  urbe :  235 

inde  caput  morbi.     redarum  transitus  arto 
vicorum  iuflexu  et  stantis  convicia  mandrae 
eripient  somnum  Druso  vitulisque  marinis. 

Si  vocat  officium,  turha  ^edente  vehetur 
dives  et/ingenti  curret  super  ora  Liburno,]  240 

atque  obiter  leget  aut  scribet  vel  dorraiet  intus, 
nainque  facit  somnum  clausa  lectica  fenestra ; 
ante  tamen  veniet :  nobis  properantibus  obstat 


unjla  prior,  magno  populus  premit  agmine  lumbos 
qui  sequitur/ferit  hie  cubitoJ  ferit  aslere  duro  245 

alter,  at  hie  tignum  capiti  iucutit,  ille  metretam  jC*-"*^ 
piuguia  crura  luto ;  planta  mox  undique  magna 
calcor,  et  in  digito  clavus  mihi  militis  haeret. 

Nonne  vides,  quanto  celebretur  sportula  fumo  ? 
centum  convivae,  sequitur  sua  quemque  culina.  250 

Corbulo  vix  ferret  tot  vasa  ingentia,"tot  res 
impoflitafl  capiti,  quas  recto  vi-rtice  portat 
Bervulus  infelix  et  cursu  ventHat  ignem. 
Bcinduntur  tunicae  sartae  inodo,  longa  coruscat 

'  :ico  veniente^abies,  atque  altera  pinum  ^,      2~)0 

plaustra  vehunt,  nutaut  alte  populoque  minantur? 
nam  si  procubuit  qui  saxa  Ligustica  portat 


28  D.  IVNII    IVVENALI8 

axis  et  eversum  fudit  super  agmina  montera, 

quid  superest  de  corporibus  ?  quis  membra,  quis  ossa 

invenit?  obtritum  vulgi  perit  omne  cadaver  260 

more  animae.     domus  interea  secura  patellas 

jam  lavat  et  bucca  foculum  excitat  et  sonat  unctis 

striglibus  et  pleno  corrfponit  lintea  guto. 

haec  inter  pueros  varie  properantur,  at  ille 

jam  sedet  in  ripa  taetrumque  novicius  horret  265 

porthmea,  nee  sperat  cenosi  gurgitis  alnum  , 

infelix,  nee  habet  quern  porrigat  ore  trientem. 

Respice  nunc  alia  ac  diversa  pericula  noctis, 
quod  spatium  tectis  sublimibus,  unde  cerebrum 

^testa  ferit,  quotiens  rimosa  et  curta  fenestris  270 

vasa  cadant,  quanto  percussum  pondere  signent 
et  laedant  silicem.     possis  ignavus  haberi 
et  subiti  casus  inprovidus,'  ad  cenam  si 
intestatus  eas :  adeo  tot  fata,  quot  ilia  ^J 

nocte  patent  vigiles  te  praetereunte  fenestrae.  L*  ^y  275 
ergo  optes  votumque  feras  miserabile  tecum, 
ut  sint  contentae  j)'atulas  defundere  pelves. 

n.   ebrius  ac  petulans,  qui  nullum  forte  cecidit, 

dat  poenas,  noctem  patitur  lugentis  amicum       ^\  » 
PeLidae,  cubat  in  faciem,  n&x  deinde  supinus.*^  b*    280 
[ergo  non  aliter  poterit  dormire?  quibusdam] 
somnum  rixa  raclfr    sed?  quamvis  improbus  annis 
atque  mero  fervens,  cSvefnunc,  quern  coccina  laena 
vitari  jubet  et  comitum  longissimus  ordo, 
multum  praeterea  flammarum  et  aenea  lampas ;  285 


SATVRA    III.  29 

me,  quem  luna  solet  deducere  vel  breve  lumen 

candelae,  cujus  dispenso  et  tetnpero  filum, 

contemnit.     miserae  cognosce  prooertfia  rixae,0 

si  rixa  est,  ubi  tu  pulsas,  ego  vapulo  tantum. 

stat  contra  starique  jubet :  parere  necesse  est,  290 

nam  quid  agas,  cum  te  furiosus  cogat  et  idem 

fortior ?  " unde  venis ? "  exclamat ;  "cujus  aceto,     » 

cujus  couche  tumes?  quis  tecum  sectile  porrum  ^^ 

sutor  etfclixi  vervecis  labra\comedit? 

nil  mihi  respondes  ?  aut  die,  aut  accipe  calcem  !  295 

ede,  ubi  conlSSts !  in  qua  te  quaero  proseucha?  " 

dicere  si  temptes  aliquid  tacitusve  recedes, 

tantumdem  est,  feriunt  pariter,  vadimonia  deinde 

irati  faciunt ;  libertas  pauperis  haec  est : 

pulsatus  rogat  et  puguis  concisus  adorat,  300 

ut  liceat  paucis  cum  dentibus  inde  reverti. 

fnec  tamen  haec  tantum  metuas  J  nam  qui  spoliet  te 
non  derit,  clausis  domibus  jpostquam  omnis  ubique 
fixa  caienatae  siluit  compago  tabernae. 
interdum  et  ferro  subitu-  ^raseator  agit  rem :  305 

armato  quotiens  tutae  custode  tenentur 
et  Pomptina  palus  et  Gallinaria  pinus, 
sic  inde  hue  omnes  tamquam  ad  v%aria  currunt. 
qua  fornace  graves,  qua  non  mcude,  catenae  ? 
maximus*  in  vinctts  ferri  modns,  ut  timeas  ne  310 

vomer  deficiat,  m?  marrae  et  sarcuia  desint. 

(Jelicesjproavorum  atavos,  felicia  dicas 

saecula,  quae  quondam  sub  regibus  atque  tribunis 
C2 


30  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

viderunt  uno  contentam  carcere  Romam. 

His  alias  poteram  et  pluris  subnectere  causas,  315 

sed  jumenta  vocant,  et  sol  inclinat.eundu2n  est ; 
nam  mihi  commota  jandudum  mulio  virga 
annuit.  —  ergo  vale  nostri  memor,  et  quotiens  te 
Koma  tuo  refici  properantem  reddet  Aquino, 
me  quoque  ad  Helvinam  Cererem  vestramque  Dianam  320 
converte  a  Cumis :  saturarum  ego,  ni  pudet  illas, 
adjutor  gelidos  veniam  caligatus  in  agros.' 

IV. 

Ecce  iterum  Crispinus,  et  est  mihi  saepe  vocandus 

ad  partes,  monstrum  nulla  virtute  redemptum 

a  vitiis,  aegrae  solaque  libidine  fortes 

deliciae :  viduas  tantum  spernatur  adulter. 

quid  refert  igitur,  quantis  jumenta  fatiget  5 

porticibus,  quanta  nemorum  vectetur  in  umbra, 

jugera  quot  vicina  foro,  quas  emerit  aedes  ? 

nemo  malus  felix,  minime  corruptor  et  idem 

incestus,  cum  quo  nuper  vittata  jacebat 

sanguine  adhuc  vivo  terram  subitura  sacerdos.  10 

sed  nunc  de  factis  levioribus  —  et  tamen  alter 

si  fecisset  idem,  caderet  sub  judice  morum ; 

nam  quod  turpe  bonis,  Titio  Seioque,  decebat 

Crispinum  —  quid  agas,  cum  dira  et  foedior  omni 

crimine, persona  est  ?  mullum  sex  milibus  emit,  15 

aeojuanie^sane  paribus  sestertia  libris, 

ut  perhibent  qui  de  magnis  majora  loquuntur. 


SATVRA    IV.  31 

consilium  laudo  artificis,  si  munere  tanto 

praecipuam  in  tabulis  ceram  senis  abstulit  orbi ; 

est  ratio  ulterior,  magnae  si  misit  amicae,  20 

quae  vehitur  cluso  latis  specularibus  antro. 

nil  tale  exspectes,  emit  sibi.     multa  videmus, 

quae  miser  et  frugi  non  fecit  Apicius.     hoc  tu, 

succinctus  patria  quondam,  Crispine,  papyro, 

hoc  pretio  squamam  ?  potuit  fortasse  minoris  25 

piscator  quam  piscis  emi ;  provincia  tanti 

vendit  agros,  sed  majores  Apulia  vendit. 

quales  tunc  epulas  ipsum  gluttisse  putamus 

induperatorera,  cum  tot  sestertia,  partem 

exiguam  et  modicae  sumptam  de  margine  cenae,  30 

purpureus  magni  ructarit  scurra  Palati, 

jam  princeps  equitum,  magna  qui  voce  solebat 

vendere  municipes  fracta  de  merce  siluros  ? 

incipe,  Calliope !  licet  et  considere :  non  est 

cantandum,  res  vera  agitur.     narrate,  puellae  35 

Pierides  !  prosit  mihi  vos  dixisse  puellas. 

Cum  jam  semianimum  laceraret  Flavius  orbem 
ultimus  et  calvo  serviret  Roma  Neroni, 
incidit  Adriaci  spatium  admirabile  rhombi 
ante  domum  Veneris,  quam  Dorica  sustinet  Ancon,      40 
implevitque  sinus ;  nee  enim  minor  haeserat  illis, 
quos  operit  glacies  Maeotica  ruptaque  tandem 
solibus  effundit  torrentis  ad  ostia  Ponti, 
desidia  tardos  et  longo  frigore  pingues. 


32  IVNII    IYVENALI8 

destinat  hoc  monstrum  cuiubae  linique  magister  45 

pontifici  summo.     quis  enim  proponere  talem 

aut  emere  auderet,  cum  plena  et  litora  multo 

delatore  forent  ?  dispersi  protinus  algae 

inquisitores  agerent  cum  remige  nudo, 

lion  dubitaturi  fugitivum  dicere  piscem  50 

depastumque  diu  vivaria  Caesaris,  inde 

elapsum  veterem  ad  dominum  debere  reverti. 

si  quid  Palfurio,  si  credimus'Armillato, 

quidquid  conspicuum  pulchrumque  est  aequore  toto, 

res  fisci  est,  ubicumque  natat :  donabitur  ergo,  55 

ne  pereat.    jam  letifero  cedente  pruinis 

autumno,  jam  quartanam  sperantibus  aegris, 

stridebat  deformis  hiems  praedamque  recentem 

servabat ;  tamen  hie  properat,  velut  urgueat  auster. 

utque  lacus  suberant,  ubi  quamquam  diruta  servat       60 

ignem  Trojanum  et  Vestam  colit  Alba  minorem, 

obstitit  intrauti  miratrix  turba  parumper ; 

ut  cessit,  facili  patuerunt  cardine  valvae ; 

exclusi  spectant  admissa  obsonia  patres. 

itur  ad  Atriden.     turn  Picens  '  accipe,'  dixit,  65 

*  privatis  majora  focis ;  genialis  agatur 

iste  dies ;  propera  stomachum  laxare  saginans, 

et  tua  servatum  consume  in  saecula  rhombum ; 

ipse  capi  voluit.'     quid  apertius  ?  et  tamen  illi 

surgebant  cristae  :  nihil  est  quod  credere  de  se  70 

non  possit,  cum  laudatur  dis  aequa  potestas. 

sed  derat  pisci  patinae  mensura.     vocantur 


SATVRA    IV.  33 

ergo  in  consilium  proceres,  quos  oderat  ille, 
in  quorum  facie  miserae  magnaeque  sedebat 
pallor  amicitiae.     primus,  clamante  Liburno  75 

*  currite,  jam  sedit ! '  rapta  properabat  abolla 
Pegasus,  attonitae  positus  modo  vilicus  urbi ; 
anne  aliud  tune  prtfefecti  ?  quorum  optimus  atque 
iuterpres  legum  sanctissimus,  omnia,  quamquam 
temporibus  diris,  tractanda  putabat  inermi  80 

justitia.     venit  et  Crispi  jucunda  senectus, 
cujus  erant  mores  qualis  facundia,  mite 
ingenium.     maria  ac  terras  populosque  regenti 
quis  comes  utilior,  si  clade  et  peste  sub  ilia 
saevitiam  damnare  et  honestum  adferre  liceret  85 

consilium  ?  sed  quid  violentius  aure  tyranni, 
cum  quo  de  pluviis  aut  aestibus  aut  nimboso 
vere  locuturi  fatum  pendebat  amici  ? 
ille  igitur  numquam  direxit  bracchia  contra 
torrentem,  nee  civis  erat  qui  libera  posset  90 

verba  animi  proferre  et  vitam  inpendere  vero. 
sic  multas  hiemes  atque  octogensima  vidit 
solstitia,  his  armis  ilia  quoque  tutus  in  aula, 
proximus  ejusdem  properabat  Aciluasaevi,  -  ^ 

cum  juvene  mdignoquem  mors  tam  saeva  maneret '    :>•> 
et  domini  gladiis  tam  festinata  :  sed  olim 
prodigio  par  est  in  nobilitate  senectus, 
unde  fit  ut  malim  fraterculus  esse  gigantis. 
profuit  ergo  nihil  misero,  quod  comminus  ursos 
figebat  Numidas  Albana  nudus  harena  100 

3  —  Juv. 


34  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

venator.     quis  enim  jam  non  intellegat  artes 

patricias  ?  quis  priscum  illud  miratur  acumen, 

Brute,  tuum?  facile  est  barbate-  inponere  regi. 

nee  melior  vultu,  quamvis  ignobilis,  ibat 

Rubrius,  offensae  veteris  reus  atque  tacendae,  105 

et  tamen  inprobior  saturam  scribente  cinaedo. 

Montani  quoque  venter  adest  abdomine  tardus, 

et  matutino  sudans  Crispinus  amomo, 

quantum  vix  redolent  duo  funera ;  saevior  illo 

Pompeius  tenui  jugulos  aperire  susurro,  110 

et  qui  vulturibus  servabat  viscera  Dacis 

Fuscus,  marmorea  meditatus  proelia  villa, 

et  cum  mortifero  prudens  Veiento  Catullo, 

qui  numquam  visae  flagrabat  amore  puellae, 

grande  et  conspicuum  nostro  quoque  tempore  mon- 

strum,  115 

caecus  adulator  dirusque  a  ponte  satelles, 
dignus  Aricinos  qui  mendicaret  ad  axes 
blandaque  devexae  jactaret  basia  redae. 
nemo  magis  rhombum  stupuit :  nam  plurima  dixit 
in  laevum  conversus;  at  illi  dextra  jacebat  120 

belua.     sic  pugnas  Cilicis  laudabat  et  ictus 
et  pegma  et  pueros  inde  ad  velaria  raptos. 
non  cedit  Veiento,  set  ut  fanaticus  oestro 
percussus,  Bellona,  tuo  divinat  et  'ingens 
omen  habes,'  inquit,  '  magni  clarique  triumphi :  125 

regem  aliquem  capies,  aut  de  temone  Britanno 
excidet  Arviragus :  peregrina  est  belua  ;  cernis 


* 


UNIVERSITY 

BATVggkJ&^^X  35 

erectas  in  terga  sudes  ? '  hoc  defuit  unura 
j$  Fabricio,  patriara  ut  rhombi  memoraret  et  annos. 

"  quiduam  igitur  censes  ?  conciditur  ?  "    '  absit  ab  illo  130 

dedecus  hoc  ! '  Montagus  ait ;  '  testa  alta  paretur, 

quaejtei^ui  inuro  spatiosum  colligat  orbem : 

debetur  magnus  patinae  subitusque  Prometheus ; 

argillam  atque  rotam  citius  properate !  sed  ex  hoc 

tempore  jam,  Caesar,  figuli  tua  castra  sequantur.'        135 

vicit  digna  viro  sententia :  noverat  ille 

luxuriam  inperii  veterem  noctesque  Neronis 

jam  medias  aliamque  famem,  cum  pulmo  Falerno 

arderet.     nulli  major  fuit  usus  edendi 

tempestate  mea :  Circeis  nata  forent  an  140 

Lucrinum  ad  saxum  Rutupinove  edita  fundo 

ostrea,  callebat  primo  depraendere  morsu ; 

et  semel  aspecti  litus  dicebat  echini. 

surgitur,  et  misso  proceres  exire  jubentur 

consilio,  quos  Albanam  dux  magnus  in  arcem  145 

traxerat  attonitos  et  festinare  coactos, 

tamquam  de  Cattis  aliquid  torvisque  Sycambris 

dicturus,  tamquam  e  diversis  partibus  orbis 

anxia  praecipiti  venisset  epistula  pinna. 

atque  utinam  his  potius  nugis  tota  ilia  dedisset       150 
tempora  saevitiae,  claras  quibus  abstulit  urbi 
inlustresque  auimas  impune  et  vindice  nullo ! 
sed  periit,  postquam  cerdonibus  esse  timendus 
coeperat :  hoc  nocuit  Lamiarum  caede  madenti. 


36  D.  IVNII    IVVENALI8 


V. 


Si  te  propositi  nondum  pudet  atque  eadem  est  mens, 

ut  bona  summa  putes  aliena  vivere  quadra, 

si  potes  ilia  pati,  quae  nee  Sarmentus  iniquas 

Caesaris  ad  mensas  nee  vilis  Gabba  tulisset, 

quamvis  jurato  metuam  tibi  credere  testi.  5 

ventre  nihil  novi  frugalius ;  hoc  tamen  ipsum 

defecisse  puta,  quod  inani  sufficit  alvo  : 

nulla  crepido  vacat  ?  nusquam  pons  et  tegetis  pars 

dimidia  brevior  ?  tantine  injuria  cenae  ? 

tarn  jejuDa  fames,  cum  possit  honestius  illic  10 

et  tremere  et  sordes  farris  mordere  canini  ? 

Primo  fige  loco,  quod  tu  discumbere  jussus 
mercedem  solidam  veterum  capis  officiorum. 
fructus  amicitiae  magnae  cibus ;  inputat  hunc  rex, 
et  quamvis  rarum  tamen  inputat.   t  ergo  duos  post         15 
si  libuit  menses  neglectum'MniDere'clientem, 
tertia  ne  vacuo  cessaret  culcita  lecto, 
' una  simus '  ait.     votorum  summa !     quidAiltra 
quaens?  habet  Trebius,  propter'quod  rumpere  somnum 
debeat  et  ligulas  dimittere,  sollicitus  ne  20 

tota  salutatrix  jam  turba  peregerit  orbem, 
sideribus  dubiis,  aut  illo  tempore  quo  se 
frigida  circumagunt  pigri  serraca  Bootae.  * 

Qualis  cena  tamen  ?  vinum,  quooVsucma  nolit 
lana  pati :  de  conviva  Corybanta  videbis.  25 

jurgia  proludunt;  sed  mox  et  pocula  torques 


SATVRA    V.  37 

saucius  et  rubra  deterges  vulnera  mappa, 

inter  vos  quotiens  libertorumque  cohortem 

pugna  Saguntina  fervet  comraissa  lagona. 

ipse  capillato  diffusum  consule  potat  .  30 

calcatamque  tenet  bellis  socialibus  uvam, 

cardiaco  numquam  cyathuni  missurus  amico ; 

eras  bibet  Albanis  aliquid  de  moutibus  aut  de 

Setinis,  cujus  patriara  titulumque  senectus 

aefe^^multa  veteris  fuligine  testae,  35 

quale  coronati  Thrasea  Helvidiusque  bibebant 

Brutorum  et  Cassi  natal ibus.     ipse  capaces 

Heliadum  crustas  et  inaequales  berullo 

Virro  tenet  phialas :  tibi  non  committitur  aurum, 

vel,  si  quando  datur,  custos  adfixus  ibidem,  40 

qui  nuraeret  gemmas,  ungues  observet  acutos. 

da  veniam :  praeclara  illi  laudatur  iaspis. 

nam  Virro,  ut  multi,  gemmas  ad  pocula  transfert 

a  digitis,  quas  in  vaginae  fronte  solebat 

ponere  zelotypo  juvenis  praelatus  Iarbae :  45 

tu  Beneventani  sutoris  nomen  habentem 

siccabis  calicem  nasorum  quattuor  ac  jam 

quassatum  et  rupto  poscentem  sulpura  vitro. 

si  stomachus  domini  fervet  vinoque  ciboque, 

f rigidior  Geticis  petitur  decocta  pruinis :  f  50 

non  eadem  vobis  poni  modo  vina  querebar? 

vos  aliam  potatis  aquam.     tibi  pocula  cursor 

Gaetulus  dabit  aut  nigri  manus  ossea  Mauri, 

et  cui  per  mediam  nolis  occurrere  noctem, 

D 


38  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

clivosae  veheris  dum  per  monumenta  Latinae :  55 

flos  Asiae  ante  ipsuni,  pretio  majore  paratus 
quam  fuit  et  Tulli  census  pugnacis  et  Anci 
et,  ne  te  teneam,  Romanorum  omnia  regum 
frivola.     quod  cum  ita  sit,  tu  Gaetulum  Ganymedem 
respice,  cum  sities.     nescit  tot  milibus  emptus  60 

pauperibus  miscere  puer :  sed  forma,  sed  aetas 
digna  supercilio.     quando  ad  te  pervenit  ille  ? 
quando  rogatus  adest  calidae  gelidaeque  minister  ?    C+  $V 
quippe  indignatur  veteri  parere  clienti, 
quodque  aliquid  poscas,  et  quod  se  stante  recumbas.     65 
maxima  quaeque  domus  servis  est  plena  superbis. 
ecce  alius  quanto  porrexit  murmure  panem 
vix  fractum,  solidae  jam  mucida  frusta  farinae, 
quae  genuinum  agitent,  non  admittentia  morsum : 
sed  tener  et  niveus  mollique  siligine  factus  70 

servatur  domino,     dextram  cohibere  memento, 
salva  sit  arfeonjtae  reverentia !     finge  tamen  te 
nprobuljim,  superest  line  qui  ponere  cogat : 
'  vis  tu  consuetis  audax  conviva  canistris 
impleri  panisque  tui  novisse  colorem  ? '  75 

"  scilicet  hoc  fuerat,  propter  quod  saepe  relicta 
conjuge  per  montem  adversum  gelidasque  cucurri 
Esquilias,  fremeret  saeva  cum  grandine  vernus 
Juppiter  et  multo  stillaret  paenula  nimbo  !  " 
aspice,  quam  longo  distinguat  pectore  lancem,  80 

quae  fertur  domino  squilla,  et  quibus  undique  saepta 
asparagiscqua  despiciat  convivia  cauda, 


SATVRA    V.  39 

dum  venit  excelsi  mauibus  sublata  ministri : 

sed  tibi  diraidio  <$ffismcuis  cammarus  ovo 

pouitur,  exigua  feralis  cena  patella.  85 

ipse  Venafrano  piscem  perfuudit ;  at  hie  qui 

pallid  us  affertur  misero  tibi  caul  is  olebit 

lanternam  :  illud  euim  vestris  datur  alveolis,  quod 

canna  Micipsarum  prora  subvexit  acuta, 

propter  quod  Romae  cum  Boccare  nemo  lavatur,  90 

[quod  tutos  etiam  facit  a  serpentibus  atris.] 

mull  us  erit  domini,  quern  misit  Corsica  vel  quem 

Tauromenitanae  rupes,  quando  omne  peractum  est 

et  jam  defecit  nostrum  mare,  dum  gula  saevit, 

retibus  assiduis  penitus  scrutante  macello  95 

proxima,  nee  patimur  Tyrrhenum  crescere  piscem. 

instruit  ergo  focum  provincia,  sumitur  illinc 

quod  captator  emat  Laenas,  Aurelia  vendat 

Virroui  muraena  datur,  quae  maxima  venit 

gurgite  de  Siculo  ;  nam  dum  se  continet  Auster,         100 

dum  sedet  et  siccat  madidas  in  carcere  pinnas, 

contemnunt  mediam  temeraria  lina  Charybdim  : 

vos  anguilla  manet,  longae  cognata  colubrae, 

aut  glacie  aspersus  maculis  Tiberinus,  et  ipse 

vernula  riparum,  pinguis  torrente  cloaca,  105 

et  solitus  mediae  cryptam  penetrare  Suburae. 

Ipsi  pauca  velim,  facilem  si  praebeat  aurem. 
*  nemo  petit,  modicis  quae  mittebantur  amicis 
a  Seneca,  quae  Piso  bonus,  quae  Cotta  solebat 
largiri;  (namque  et  titulis  et  fascibus  olim  |10 


40  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

major  habebatur  donandi  gloria :)  solum 
poscimus,  ut  cenes  civiliter ;  hoc  face  et  esto, 
esto,  ut  nunc  multi,  dives  tibi,  pauper  amicis/ 

Anseris  ante  ipsum  magni  jecur,  anseribus  par 
altilis,  et  flavi  dignus  ferro  Meleagri  115 

fumat  aper ;  post  hunc  tradentur  tubera,  si  ver 
tunc  erit  et  facient  optata  tonitrua  cenas 
majores.     *  tibi  habe  frumentum,'  Alledius  inquit, 
*o  Libye,  disjunge  boves,  dum  tubera  mittas.' 
structorem  interea,  ne  qua  indignatio  desit,  120 

saltantem  spectes  et  chironomunta  volanti 
cultello,  donee  peragat  dictata  magistri 
omnia ;  nee  minimo  sane  discrimine  refert, 
quo  gestu  lepores  et  quo  gallina  secetur. 

Duceris  planta,  velut  ictus  ab  Hercule  Cacus,         125 
et  ponere  foris,  si  quid  temptaveris  umquam 
hiscere,  tamquam  habeas  tria  nomina.    quando  propinat 
Virro  tibi  sumitve  tuis  contacta  labellis 
pocula  ?  quis  vestrum  temerarius  usque  adeo,  quis 
perditus,  ut  dicat  regi  'bibe?'  plurima  sunt,  quae      130 
non  audent  homines  pertusa  dicere  laena ; 
quadringenta  tibi  si  quis  deus  aut  similis  dis 
et  melior  fatis  donaret  homuncio,  quantus 
ex  nihilo,  quantus  fieres  Virronis  amicus ! 
*  da  Trebio !  pone  ad  Trebium !  vis,  frater,  ab  ipsis     135 
ilibus  ? '     o  nummi,  vobis  hunc  praestat  honorem, 
vos  estis  fratres  !   dominus  tamen  et  domini  rex 
si  vis  tu  fieri,  nullus  tibi  parvolus  aula 


SATVRA    V.  41 

luserit  Aeneas  nee  filia  dulcior  illo : 

jucundum  et  carum  sterilis  facit  uxor  amicum.  140 

set  tua  nunc  Mygale  pariat  licet  et  pueros  tres 

in  greraium  patris  fundat  simul,  ipse  loquaci 

gaudebit  nido,  viridem  thoraca  jubebit 

adferri  minimasque  nuces  assemque  rogatum, 

ad  mensam  quotiens  parasitus  venerit  infans.  145 

Vilibus  ancipites  fungi  ponentur  amicis, 
boletus  domino,  set  quales  Claudius  edit 
ante  ilium  uxoris,  post  quern  nil  amplius  edit. 
Virro  sibi  et  reliquis  Virronibus  ilia  jubebit 
poma  dari,  quorum  solo  pascaris  odore,  150 

qualia  perpetuus  Phaeacum  autumnus  habebat, 
credere  quae  possis  subrepta  sororibus  Afris  ; 
tu  scabie  frueris  mali,  quod  in  aggere  rodit 
qui  tegitur  parma  et  galea  metuensque  flagelli 
discit  ab  hirsuta  jaculum  torquere  capella.  155 

Forsitan  impensae  Virronem  parcere  credas ; 

hoc  agit,  ut  doleas ;  nam  quae  comoedia,  mimus 

quis  melior  plorante  gula  ?  ergo  omnia  fiunt, 

si  nescis,  ut  per  lacrimas  effundere  bilem 

cogaris  pressoque  diu  stridere  molari.  160 

tu  tibi  liber  homo  et  regis  conviva  videris : 

captum  te  nidore  suae  putat  ille  culinae, 

nee  male  conjectat ;  quis  enim  tarn  nudus,  ut  ilium 

bis  ferat,  Etruscum  puero  si  contigit  aurum 

vel  nodus  tantum  et  signum  de  paupere  loro  ?  165 

spes  bene  cenandi  vos  decipit :  '  ecce  dabit  jam 
D2 


42  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

semesum  leporem  atque  aliquid  de  clunibus  apri, 

ad  nos  jam  veniet  minor  altilis ; '  inde  parato 

intactoque  omnes  et  stricto  pane  tacetis. 

ille  sapit,  qui  te  sic  utitur.     omnia  ferre  170 

si  potes,  et  debes :  pulsandum  vertice  raso 

praebebis  quandoque  caput,  nee  dura  timebis 

flagra  pati,  his  epulis  et  tali  dignus  amico ! 

VII. 

Et  spes  et  ratio  studiorum  in  Caesare  tantum : 
solus  enim  tristes  hac  tempestate  Camenas 
respexit,  cum  jam  celebres  notique  poetae 
balneolum  Gabiis,  Romae  conducere  furnos 
temptarent,  nee  foedum  alii  nee  turpe  putarent  5 

praecones  fieri,  cum  desertis  Aganippes 
vallibus  esurieDS  migraret  in  atria  Clio, 
nam  si  Pieria  quadrans  tibi  nullus  in  umbra 
ostendatur,  ames  nomen  victumque  Machaerae, 
et  vendas  potius,  commissa  quod  auctio  vendit  10 

stantibus,  oenophorum,  tripodes,  armaria,  cistas,. 
Alcithoen  Pacci,  Thebas  et  Terea  Fausti.  y 

hoc  satius,  quam  si  dicas  sub  judice  'vidi,' 
quod  non  vidisti ;  faciant  equites  Asiani 
quamquam  et  Cappadoces,  faciant  equites  Bithyni,    ■   15 
altera  quos  nudo  traducit  Gallia  talo. 
nemo  tamen  studiis  indignum  ferre  laborem   . 
cogetur  posthac,  nectit  quicumque  canoris 
eloquium  vocale  modis  laurumque  momordit.9 


SATVRA.VII.  43 

hoc  agite,  o  juveues !  circumspicit  et  stimulat  vos         20 

materiamque  sibi  ducis  iiidulgeutia  quaerit. 

si  qua  aliuude  putas  rerurn  exspectauda  tuarum 

praesidia,  atque  ideo  crocea  membrana  tabella 

impletur,  lignorum  aliquid  posce  ocius,  et  quae 

coraponis  dona  Veneris,  Telesine,  marito  ;  25 

aut  elude  et  positos  tinea  pertunde  libellos. 

frange  miser  calaraos  vigilataque  proelia  dele, 

qui  facis  in  parva  sublimia  carmina  cella, 

ut  dignus  venias  hederis  et  imagine  macra. 

spes  nulla  ulterior  :  didicit  jam  dives  avarus  30 

tantum  adrairari,  tantum  laudare  disertos, 

ut  pueri  Junonis  avem.     sed  defluit  aetas 

et  pelagi  patiens  et  cassidis  atque  ligonis. 

taedia  tunc  subeuut  animos,  tunc  seque  suamque 

Terpsichoren  odit  facunda  et  nuda  senectus.    .  35 

^  Accipe  nunc  artes.     ne  quid  tibi  conferat  iste,       — 

quem  colis  et  Musarum  et  Apollinis  aede  relicta, 

ipse  facit  versus  atque  uui  cedit  Homero 

propter  mille  ahnos ;  et  si  dulcedine  famae 

succensus  recites,  maculbsas  commodat  aedes  :  40 

haec  longe  ferrata  domus  servire  jubetur,  ^ 

iirqua  sollicitas  imitatur  janua  portas. 

Beit  dare  libertos  extrema  in  parte  sedentis 

ordiuis  et  magnas  comitum  disponere  voces ; 

nemo  dabit  regura  quanti  subsellia  constant  45 

et  quae  conducto  pendent  anabathra  tigillo 

quueque  rep6rtaudis  posita  est  orchestra  cathedris. 


44  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

nos  tamen  hoc  agimus,  tenuique  in  pulvere  sulcos 

ducimus,  et  litus  sterili  versamus  aratro. 

nam  si  disqedas,  laqueo  tenet  ambitiosi  ^m  50 

consuetudp  mali,  tenet  insanabile  multos 

scribendi  cacoetnes  et  aegro  in  corde  senescit. 

sed  vatem  egregium,  cui  non  sit  publica  vena, 

qui  nihil  expositum  soleat  deducere,  nee  qui 

communi  feriat  carmen  triviale  moneta,  55 

hunc,  qualem  nequeo  monstrare  et  sentio  tantum,  - — 

anxietate  carens  animus  facit,  omnis  acerbi 

impatiens,  cupidus  silvarum  aptusque  bibendis 

fontibus  Aonidum.     neque  enim  cantare  sub  antro 

Pierio  thyrsumque  potest' contingere  maesmt^A  60 

paupertas  atque  aeris  inops,  quo  nocte  dieque  - 

corpus  eget.     satur  est,  cum  dicit  Horatius  '  euhoe ! ' 

qui  locus  ingenio,  nisi  cum  se  carmine  solo 

vexant  et  dojminis  Cirrae  Nysaeque  feruntur 

pectora  vestra,  duas  non  admittentia  curas  ?  65 

magnae  mentis  opus  nee  de  lojiice  pafanda 

attonitae,  currus  et  equos  faciesque  deorum 

aspicere  et  qualis  Rutulum  confundat  Erinys. 

nam  si  Vergilio  puer  et  tolerabile  desset 

hospitium,  caderent  omnes  a  crinibus  hydri,  70 

surda  nihil  gemeret  grave  bucina.     poscimus,  ut  sit 

non  minor  antiquo  Rubrenus  Lappa  cothurno, 

cujus  et  alveolos  et  laenam  pignerat  Atreus? 

non  habet  infelix  Numitor  quod  mittat  amico, 

Quintillae  quod  donet  habet,  nee  defuit  illi  75 


SATVRA.    VII.  45 

unde  emeret  multa  pascendum  carne  leonem 
jam  domitum :  constat  leviori  belua  sumptu 
nirairum,  et  capiunt  plus  intestina  poetae. 
contentus  fama  jaceat  Lucanus  in  hortis 
marmoreis ;  at  Serrano  tenuique  Saleio  80 

gloria  quantalibet  quid  erit,  si  gloria  tantum  est  ? 
curritur  ad  vocem  jucundam  et  carmen  amicae 
Thebaidos,  laetam  cum  fecit  Statius  urbem 
promisitque  diem :  tanta  dulcedine  captos 
adficit  ille  animos,  tautaque  libidine  volgi  85 

auditur ;  sed  cum  fregit  subsellia  versu, 
esurit,  intactam  Paridi  nisi  vendat  Agaven. 
ille  et  militiae  multis  largitus  honorem 
seraenstri  digitos  vatum  circumligat  auro. 
quod  non  dant  proceres,  dabit  histrio.     tu  Camerinos  90 
et  Baream,  tu  nobilium  magna  atria  curas? 
praefectos  Pelopea  facit,  Philomela  tribunos. 
haut  tamen  invideas  vati,  quem  pulpita  pascunt. 
quis  tibi  Maecenas,  >qu  is  nunc  erit  aut  Proculeius 
aut  Fabius,  quis  Cotta  iterum,  quis  Lentulus  alter  ?      95 
#     tunc  par  ingenio  pretium  ;  tunc  utile  multis 
pallere  et  vinum  toto  nescire  Decembri. 

Vester  porro  labor  fecundior,  historiarum 
scriptores?  petit  hie  plus  temporis  atqueolei  plus. 
nullo  quippe  modo  millensima  pagiua  surgit  100 

omnibus  et  crescit  multa  damnosa  papyro; 
sic  ingens  rerum  numerus  jubet  atque  operum  lex. 
quae  tamen  inde  seges,  terrae  quis  fruetus  apertae  ? 


46  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

quis  dabit  historico,  quantum  daret  actajegenti  ? 

1  Sed  genus  ignavum,  quod  lecto  gaudet  et  umbra/  105 
die  igitur,  quid  causidicis  civilia  praestent 
officia  et  maguo  comites  in  fasce  libelli  ? 
ipsi  magna  sonant,  sed  turn  cum  creditor  audit 
praecipue,  vel  si  tetigit  latus  acrior  illo, 
qui  venit  ad  dubium  grandi  cum  codice  nomen.  110 

tunc  immensa  cavi  spirant  mendacia  folles 
conspuiturque  sinus :  veram  depraendere  messem 
si  libet,  hinc  centum  patrimonia  causidicorum, 
parte  alia  solum  russati  pone  Lacernae. 
consedere  duces,  surgis  tu  pallidus  Ajax,  115 

dicturus  dubia  pro  libertate,  bubulco 
v,judice.     rumpe  miser  tensum  jecur,  ut  tibi  lasso 
figantur  virides,  scalarum  gloria,  palmae. 
quod  vocis  pretium  ?  siccus  petasunculus  et  vas 
pelamydum,  aut  veteres,  Maurorum  epimenia,  bulbi,  120 
aut  vinum  Tiberi  devectum,  quinque  lagonae. 
si  quater  egisti,  si  contigit  aureus  unus, 
hide  cadunt  partes  ex  foedere  pragmaticorum. 
Aemilio  dabitur  quantum  licet,  et  melius  nos 
egimus;  hujus  enim  stat  currus  aeneus,  alti  125 

quadrijuges  in  vestibulis,  atque  ipse  feroci 
bellatore  sedens  mrmta^L  hastile  minatur  ^*n*V0, //^ 
eminus,  et  statua  meditatur  proelia  lusca. 
sic  Pedo  conturbat,  Matho  deficit ;  exitus  hie  est 
Tongilii,  magno  cum  rhinocerote  lavari  130 

qui  solet,  et  vexat  lutulenta  balnea  turba, 


SATVRA    VII.  47 

perque  forum  juvenes  longo  premit  assere  Maedos, 

empturus  pueros,  argentum,  murrina,  villas ; 

spondet  euim  Tyrio  stlattarib  purpura  filo. 

et  tamen  est  illis  hoc  utile ;  purpura  vendit  135 

causidicum,  venduut  amethystina ;  convenit  illis 

et  strepitu  et  facie  majoris  vivere  census. 

[sed  finem  inpensae  non  servat  prodiga  Roma.] 

t'n  li  in  us  eloquio  ?     Ciceroni  nemo  duceutos 

nunc  dederit  nummos,  nisi  fulserit  anulus  ingens.        140 

respicit  haec  priraum  qui  litigat,  an  tibi  servi 

octo,  decern  comites,  an  post  te  sella,  togati 

ante  pedes,     ideo  conducta  Paul  us  agebat 

sardonyche,  atque  ideo  pluris  quara  Gallus  agebat, 

quam  Basilus.     rara  in  tenui  facundia  panno.  145 

quando  licet  Basilo  flentem  producere  matrem? 

quis  bene  dicentem  Basilura  ferat  ?  accipiat  te 

Gallia,  vel  potius  ^utrycula^ausidicoruJnr/r> 

Africa,  si  placuit  mercedem  ponere  linguae. 

Declamare  doces  ?  o  ferrea  pectora  Vetti,  150 

cui  perimit  saevos  classis  numerosa  tyrannos ! 
nam  quaecumque  sedens  modo  legerat,  haec  eadem  stans 
perferet  atque  eadem  cantabit  versibus  isdem ; 
occidit  miseros  crambe  repetita  magistros. 
quis  color  et  quod  sit  causae  genus  atque  ubi  summa  155 
(juacstio,  quae  veniant  diversae  forte  sagittae, 
nosse  velint  omnes,  mercedem  solvere  nemo. 
Mercedem  appellas?  quid  enim  scio?'  "  culpa  docentis 
scilicet  arguitur,  quod  laeva  parte  mamillae 


48  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

nil  salit  Arcadico  juveni,  cujus  mihi  sexta  160 

quaque  die  miserum  dims  caput  Annibal  implet ; 

quidquid  id  est,  de  quo  deliberat,  an  petat  urbem 

a  Cannis,  an  post  nimbos  et  fulmina  cautus 

circumagat  madidas  a  tempestate  cohortes. 

quantum  vis  stipulare,  et  protinus  accipe,  quod  do,     165 

ut  totiens  ilium  pater  audiat."     haec  alii  sex 

vel  plures  uno  conclamant  ore  sophistae, 

et  veras  agitant  lites  raptore  relicto ; 

fusa  venena  silent,  malus  ingratusque  maritus, 

et  quae  jam  veteres  sanant  mor^Lria  caecos.  170 

ergo  sibi  dabit  ipse  rudem,  si  nostra  movebunt 

consilia,  et  vitae  diversum  iter  ingredietur, 

ad  pugnam  qui  rhetorica  descendit  ab  umbra, 

summula  ne  pereat,  qua  vilis  tessera  venit 

frumenti :  quippe  haec  merces  lautissima.    tempta,     175 

Chrysogonus  quanti  doceat  vel  Polio  quanti 

lautorum  pueros :  artem  scindes  Theodori. 

balnea  sescentis,  et  pluris  porticus,  in  qua 

gestetur  dominus,  quotiens  pluit  —  anne  serenum 

exspectet  spargatque  luto  jumenta  recenti?  180 

[hie  potius,  namque  hie  mundae  nitet  ungula  mulae.] 

parte  alia  longis  Numidarum  fulta  columnis 

surgat  et  algentem  rapiat  cenatio  solem. 

quanticumque  domus,  veniet  qui  iercula  docte 

conponat,  veniet  qui  plujmentaria  condiat.  185 

hos  inter  sumptus  sestertia  Quintiliano, 

ut  multum,  duo  sufficient :  res  nulla  minoris 


SATVRA    VII.  49 

* 

constabit  patri  quam  Alius.     '  unde  igitur  tot 

Quintilianus  habet  saltus?'  exempla  novorum 

fatorum  transi :  felix  et  pulcher  et  acer,  190 

felix  et  sapiens  et  nobilis  et  generosus 

adpositam  nigrae  lunam  subtexit  alutae ;' 

felix  orator  quoque  maximus  et  jaculator, 

et,  si  perfrixit,  cantat  bene,     distat  enira,  quae 

sidera  te  excipiant  modo  primos  incipientem  195 

edere  vagitus  et  adhuc  a  matre  rubentem. 

si  Fortuna  volet,  fies  de  rhetore  consul ; 

si  volet  haec  eadem,  fies  de  consule  rhetor. 

Ventidius  quid  enira  ?  quid  Tullius  ?  anne  aliud  quam 

sidus  et  occulti  miranda  potentia  fati  ?  200 

servis  regna  dabunt,  captivis  fata  triumphum. 

felix  ille  tamen  corvo  quoque  rarior  albo. 

paenituit  multos  vanae  sterilisque  cathedrae, 

siout  Tharsymachi  probat  exitus  atque  Secundi 

Carrinatis :  et  hunc  inopem  vidistis,  Athenae,  205 

nil  praeter  gelidas  ausae  conferre  cicutas. 

di,  majorum  umbris  tenuem  et  sine  pondere'  terram 

spirantisque  crocos  et  in  urna  perpetuum  ver, 

qui  praeceptorera  sancti  voluere  parentis 

esse  loco !  metuens  virgae  jam  grandis  Achilles  210 

cantabat  patri  is  in  montibus  et  cui  non  tunc 

« 

(Turret  risum  citharoedi  cauda  magistri ; 

sed  Rufum  atque  alios  caedit  sua  quemque  juventus, 

Rufum,  quern  totiens  Ciceronem  Allobroga  dixit, 

Quis  gremio  Celadi  doctique  Palaemonis  adfert       215 
4— Juv.  E 


50  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

quantum  grammaticus  meruit  labor  ?  et  tamen  ex  hoc 

quodcumque  est  (minus  est  autem  quam  rhetoris  aera) 

discipuli  custos  praemordet  acoenonetus, 

et  qui  dispensat,  franget  sibi.     cede,  Palaemon, 

et  patere  inde  aliquid  decrescere,  non  aliter  quam       220 

institor  hibernae  tegetis  niveique  cadurci : 

dummodo  non  pereatj  mediae  quod  noctis  ab  hora 

sedisti,  qua  nemo  faber,  qua  nemo  sederet, 

qui  docet  obliquo  lanam  deducere  ferro ; 

dummodo  non  pereat,  totidem  olfecisse  lucernas,         225 

quot  stabant  pueri,  cum  totus  decolor  esset 

Flaccus  et  haereret  nigro  fuligo  Maroni. 

rara  tamen  merces,  quae  cognitione  tribuni 

non  egeat.     sed  vos  saevas  inponite  leges, 

ut  praeceptori  verborum  regula  constet,  230 

ut  legat  historias,  auctores  noverit  omnes 

tamquam  ungues  digitosque  suos,  ut  forte  rogatus, 

dum  petit  aut  thermas  aut  Phoebi  balnea,  dicat 

nutricem  Anchisae,  nomen  patriamque  novercae 

Anchemoli,  dicat  quot  Acestes  vixerit  annis,  235 

quot  Siculi  Phrygibus  vini  donaverit  urnas. 

exigite  ut  mores  teneros  ceu  pollice  ducat, 

ut  si  quis  cera  voltum  facit ;  exigite  ut  sit 

et  pater  ipsius  coetus,  ne  turpia  ludant. 

'  haec/  inquit,  '  cura ;  set  cum  se  verterit  annus,  240 

accipe,  victori  populus  quod  postulate,  aurum.' 


SATVRA    VIII.  51 


VIII. 


Steramata  quid  faciunt  ?  quid  prodest,  Poutice,  longo 

sanguine  censen,  pictos  ostendere  vultus 

niajorum,  et  stantis  in  curribus  Aemilianos, 

et  Curios  jam  dimidios,  umerosque  minorem 

Corvinum,  et  Galbam  auriculjs  nasoque  carenteni  ?         5 

quis  fructus,  generis  tabula  jaetareYcapaci 

[Corvinum,  posthac  multa  contingere  virga] 

fumosos  equitum  cum  dictatore  magistros, 

si  coram  Lepidis  male  vivitur  ?  effigies  quo 

tot  bellatorum,  si  luditur  alea  pernox  10 

ante  Numantinos,  si  dormire  incipis  ortu 

luciferi,  quo  signa  duces  et  castra  movebant? 

cur  Allobrogicis  et  magna  gaudeat  ara 

natus  in  Herculeo  Fabius  lare,  si  cupidus,  si 

vanus  et  Euganea  quantumvis  mollior  agna,  15 

si  tenerum  attritus  Catinensi  pumice  lumbuin 

squaleutis  traducit  avos,  emptorque  veneni 

frangenda  miseram  funestat  imagine  gentem  ? 

tota  licet  veteres  exornent  undique  cerae 

atria,  nobiHtas  sola  est  atque  unica  virtus.  20 

Paulus  vel  Cossus  vel  Drusus  moribus  esto; 

hos  ante  effigies  majorum  pone  tuorum, 

praecedant  ipsas  ill!  te  consule  virgas. 

prima  mihi  debes  animi  bona,     sanctus  haberi 

justitiaeque  tenax  factis  dictisque  mereris,  25 

adgnosco  procerem  :  salve,  Gaetulice,  seu  tu 


52  D.  IVNII    IVVENALI8 

Silanus.     quocumque  alio  de  sanguine  rarus 

civis  et  egregius  patriae  contingis  ovanti, 

exclamare  libet,  populus  quod  clamat  Osiri 

invento.     quis  enim  generosum  dixerit  hunc,  qui  30 

indignus  genere  et  praeclaro  nomine  tantum 

insignis?  nanum  cujusdam  Atlanta  vocamus, 

Aethiopem  Cycnum,  parvam  extortamque  puellam 

Europen ;  canibus  pigris  scabieque  vetusta 

levibus  et  siccae  lambentibus  ora  lucernae  35 

nomen,  erit  pardus,  tigris,  leo,  si  quid  adhuc  est 

quod  iremaMn^errTs/violentius.     ergo  cavebis 

et  metues,  ne  tu  sic  Creticus  aut  Camerinus. 

His  ego  quem  raonui  ?  tecum  est  mihi  sermo,  Rubelli 
Blande.     tumes  alto  Drusorum  stemmate,  tamquam     40 
feceris  ipse  aliquid,  propter  quod  nobilis  esses, 
ut  te  conciperet  quae  sanguine  fulget  Iuli, 
non  quae  ventoso  conducta  sub  aggere  texit. 
1  vos  humiles/  inquis,  '  vulgi  pars  ultima  nostri, 
quorum  nemo  queat  patriam  monstrare  parentis :  45 

ast  ego  Cecropides.'     vivas  et  originis  hujus 
gaudia  longa  feras !  tamen  ima  plebe  Quiritem 
facundum  invenies ;  solet  hie  defendere  causas 
nobilis  indocti ;  veniet  de  plebe  togata, 
qui  juris  nodos  et  legum  aenigmata  solvat.  50 

hie  petit  Euphraten  juvenis  domitique  Batavi 
custodes  aquilas,  armis  imiustrius :  at  tu 
nil  nisi  Cecropidesiruncoque  simillimus  Hermae. 
nullo  quippe  alio  vincis  discrimine,  quam  quod 


SATVRA    VIII.  53 

illi  marmoreum  caput  est,  tua  vivit  imago.  55 

die  mihi,  Teucrorum  proles,  animalia  muta 

quis  generosa  putet,  nisi  lortia?  nempe  volucrem 

sic  laudamus  equum,  facili  cui  plurima  palma 

fervet  et  exultat  rauco  victoria  circo. 

nobilis  hie.  quocumque  venit  de  gramine,  cujus  60 

clara  ftiga  ante  alios  et  primus  in  aequore  pulvis ; 

sed  venale  pecus  Coryphaei  posteritas  et 

Hirpini,  si  rara  jugo  Victoria  sedit. 

nil  ibi  majorum  respectus,  gratia  nulla 

umbrarum  ;  dominos  pretiis  mutare  jubentur  65 

exiguis,  trito  ducunt  epiredia  collo 

segnipedes  dignique  molam  versare  Nepotis.       f 

ergo  ut  miremur  te,  non  tua,  privumanquid  da, 

quod  possim  titulis  incidere  praeter  honores, 

quos  illis  damus  ac  dedimus,  quibus  omnia  debes.         70 

Haec  satis  ad  juvenem,  quem  nobis  fama  superbum 

tradit  et  inflatum  plenumque  Nerone  propinquo. 

rarus  enim  ferme  sensus  communis  in  ilia 

fortuna ;  sed  te  censeri  laude  tuorum, 

Pontice,  noluerim  sic  ut  nihil  ipse  futurae  75 

laudis  agas.     miserum  est  aliorum  incumbere  famae, 

ne  conlapsa  ruant  subductis  tecta  columnis. 

stratus  humi  palmes  viduas  desiderat  ulmos. 

esto  bonus  miles,  tutor  bonus,  arbiter  idem 

integer,     ambiguae  si  quando  citabere  testis  80 

incertaeque  rei,  Phalaris  licet  imperet  ut  sis 

falsus  et  admoto  dictet  perjuria  tauro, 
E2 


54  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

summum  crede  nefas  animam  praeferre  pudori 

et  propter  vitam  vivendi  perdere  causas. 

dignus  morte  perit,  cenet  licet  ostrea  centum  85 

Gaurana  et  Cosmi  toto  mergatur  aeno. 

expectata  diu  tandem  provincia  cum  te 

rectorem  accipiet,  pone  irae  frena  modumque, 

pone  et  avaritiae,  miserere  inopum  sociorum : 

ossa  vides  regum  vacuis  exucta  medullis.  90 

respice,  quid  moneant  leges,  quid  curia  mandet, 

praemia  quanta  bonos  maneant,  quam  fulmine  justo 

et  Capito  et  Numitor  ruerint,  damnante  senatu, 

piratae  Cilicum.     sed  quid  dammxtio  confert? 

praeconem,  Chaerippe,  tuis  circumspice  pannis,  95 

cum  Pansa  eripiat,  quidquid  tibi  Natta  reliquit, 

jamque  tace ;  furor  est  post  omnia  perdere  naulon. 

non  idem  gemitus  olim  neque  vulnus  erat  par 

damnorum  sociis  florentibus  et  modo  victis. 

plena  domus  tunc  omnis,  et  ingens  stabat  acervos       100 

nummorum,  Spartana  chlamys,  conchylia  Coa, 

et  cum  Parrasii  tabulis  signisque  Myronis 

Phidiacum  vivebat  ebur,  nee  non  Polycliti 

multus  ubique  labor,  rarae  sine  Mentore  mensae. 

inde  Dolabellae  atque  hinc  Antonius,  inde  105 

sacrilegus  Verres  referebant  navibus  altis 

occulta  spolia  et  plures  de  pace  triumphos. 

nunc  sociis  juga  pauca  bourn ;  grex  parvus  equarum 

et  pater  armenti  capto  eripietur  agello, 

ipsi  deinde  lares,  si  quod  spectabile  signum,  110 


SATVRA    VIII.  55 

[si  quis  in  aedicula  deus  unicus.     haec  etenim  sunt 

pro  summis,  nam  sunt  haec  maxima,     despicias  tu] 

forsitan  inbellis  Rhodios  unctamque  Corinthon, 

despicias  merito  ;  quid  resinata  juventus 

cruraque  totius  facieut  tibi  levia  gentis?  115 

horrida  vitanda  est  Hispania,  Gallicus  axis 

Illyricumque  latus ;  parce  et  messoribus  illis, 

qui  saturant  urbem  circo  scenaeque  vacantem. 

quanta  autem  inde  feres  tarn  dirae  praemia  culpae, 

cum  tenues  nuper  Marius  discinxerit  Afros?  120 

curandum  in  primis,  ne  magna  injuria  fiat 

fortibus  et  miseris.     tollas  licet  omne  quod  usquam  est 

auri  atque  argenti,  scutum  gladiumque  relinques 

[et  jaculum  et  galeam :  spoliatis  arma  supersunt], 

quod  modo  proposui,  non  est  sententia,  verum  est ;     125 

credite  me  vobis  folium  recitare  Sibyllae. 

si  tibi  sancta  cohors  comitum,  si  nemo  tribunal 

vendit  acersecomes,  si  nullum  in  conjuge  crimen, 

nee  per  conventus  et  cuncta  per  oppida  curvis 

unguibus  ire  parat  nummos  raptura  Celaeno,  130 

tu  licet  a  Pico  numeres  genus,  altaque  si  te 

nomina  delectant,  omnem  Titanida  pugnam 

inter  majores  ipsumque  Promethea  ponas : 

de  quocumque  voles  proavum  tibi  sumito  libro. 

quod  si  praecipitem  rapit  ambitio  atque  libido,  135 

si  frangis  virgas  sociorum  in  sanguine,  si  te 

delectant  hebetra  lasso  lictore  secures, 

incipit  ipsorum  contra  te  stare  parentum 


56  D.IVNII    IVVENALIS 

nobilitas  claramque  facem  praeferre  pudendis. 

omne  animi  vitium  tanto  conspectius  in  se  140 

crimen  habet,  quanto  major  qui  peccat  habetur. 

quo  mihi  te  solitum  falsas  signare  tabellas 

in  templis  quae  fecit  avus  statuamque  parentis 

ante  triumphalem  ?  quo,  si  nocturnus  adulter 

tempora  Santonico  velas  adoperta  cucullo  ?  145 

Praeter  majorum  cineres  atque  ossa  volucri 
carpento  rapitur  pinguis  Lateranus,  et  ipse, 
ipse  rotam  astringit  multo  sufflamine  consul, 
nocte  quidem,  sed  luna  videt,  sed  sidera  testes 
intendunt  oculos.     finitum  tempus  honoris  150 

cum  fuerit,  clara  Lateranus  luce  flagellum 
sumet  et  occursum  numquam  trepidabit  amici 
jam  senis,  ac  virga  prior  annuet  atque  maniplos 
solvet  et  infundet  jumentis  hordea  lassis. 
iuterea,  dum  lanatas  robumque  juvencum  155 

more  Numae  caedit  Jo  vis  ante  altaria,  jurat 
solam  Eponam  et  facies  olida  ad  praesepia  pictas. 
sed  cum  pervigiles  placet  instaurare  popinas, 
obvius  adsiduo  Syrophoenix  udus  amomo 
[currit,  Idumaeae  Syrophoenix  incola  portae,]  160 

hospitis  adfectu  dominum  regemque  salutat, 
et  cum  venali  Cyane  succincta  lagona. 
defensor  culpae  dicat  mihi  '  fecimus  et  nos 
haec  juvenes.'     esto.     desisti  nempe,  nee  ultra 
fovisti  errorem.     breve  sit,  quod  turpiter  audes ;         165 
quaedam  cum  prima  resecentur  crimina  barba ; 


SATVRA    VIII.  57 

indulge  veniam  pueris.     Lateranus  ad  illos 

thermarum  calices  inscriptaque  lintea  vadit 

maturus  bello  Armeniae  Syriaeque  tuendis 

amnibus  et  Rheno  atque  Histro ;  praestare  Neronem  170 

securum  valet  haec  aetas.     mitte  Ostia,  Caesar, 

mitte,  sed  in  magna  legatum  quaere  popina ; 

invenies  aliquo  cum  percussore  jacentem, 

permixtum  nautis  et  furibus  ac  fugitivis, 

inter  carnifices  et  fabros  sandapilarum  175 

et  resupinati  cessantia  tympana  galli. 

aequa  ibi  libertas,  communia  pocula,  lectus 

non  alius  cuiquam,  nee  mensa  remotior  ulli. 

quid  facias  talem  sortitus,  Pontice,  servum  ? 

nempe  in  Lucanos  aut  Tusca  ergastula  mittas.  180 

at  vos,  Trojugenae,  vobis  ignoscitis,  et  quae 

turpia  cerdoni,  Volesos  Brutumque  decebunt. 

Quid,  si  numquam  adeo  foedis  adeoque  pudendis 
utimur  exemplis,  ut  non  pejora  supersint? 
consumptis  opibus  vocem,  Damasippe,  locasti  185 

sipario,  clamosum  ageres  ut  Phasma  Catulli. 
Laureolum  velox  etiam  bene  Lentulus  egit, 
judice  me  dignus  vera  cruce.     nee  tamen  ipsi 
ignoscas  populo:  populi  frons  durior  hujus, 
qui  sedet  et  spectat  triscurria  patriciorum,  190 

planipedes  audit  Fabios,  ridere  potest  qui 
Mamercorum  alapas.     quanti  sua  funera  vendant, 
quid  refert?  vendunt  nullo  cogente  Nerone, 
nee  dubitant  celsi  praetoris  vendere  ludis. 


58  B.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

finge  tamen  gladios  inde  atque  bine  pulpita  poni,       195 

quid  satius  ?  mortem  sic  quisquam  exhorruit,  ut  sit 

zelotypus  Thymeles,  stupidi  collega  Corinthi  ? 

res  haut  mira  tamen  citharoedo  principe  mimus 

nobilis.     haec  ultra  quid  erit  nisi  ludus  ?  et  illic 

dedecus  urbis  babes,  nee  myrmillonis  in  armis,  200 

nee  clipeo  Gracchum  pugnantem  aut  falce  supina. 

damnat  enim  tales  habitus,  et  damnat  et  odit, 

nee  galea  faciem  abscondit.     movet  ecce  tridentem, 

postquam  vibrata  pendentia  retia  dextra 

nequiquam  effudit,  nudum  ad  spectacula  voltum         205 

erigit,  et  tota  fugit  agnoscendus  harena. 

credamusetunicae|.de  faucibus  aurea  cum  se 

porrigat  et  longo  jactetur  spira  galero  ? 

ergo  ignominiam  graviorem  pertulit  omni 

vulnere  cum  Graccbo  jussus  pugnare  secutor.  210 

Libera  si  dentur  populo  suffragia,  quis  tarn 
perditus,  ut  dubitet  Senecam  praeferre  Neroni, 
cujus  supplicio  non  debuit  una  parari 
simia  nee  serpens  unus  nee  culleus  unus  ? 
par  Agamemnonidae  crimen,  sed  causa  facit  rem        215 
dissimilem :  quippe  ille  deis  auctoribus  ultor 
patris  erat  caesi  media  inter  pocula ;  sed  nee 
Electrae  jugulo  se  polluit  aut  Spartani 
sanguine  conjugii,  nullis  aconita  propinquis 
miscuit,  in  scena  numquam  cantavit  Orestes,  220 

Troica  non  scripsit.     quid  enim  Verginius  armis 
debuit  ulcisci  magis,  aut  cum  Vindice  Galba, 


SATVRA    VIII.  59 

quod  Nero  tam  saeva  crudaque  tyrannide  fecit  ? 
haec  opera  atque  hae  sunt  generosi  principis  artes, 
gaudentis  foedo  peregrina  ad  pulpita  cantu  225 

prostitui  Graiaeque  apium  meruisse  coronae. 
majorum  effigies  habeant  insignia  vocis, 
ante  pedes  Doiuiti  longum  tu  poue  Thyestae 
syrma  vel  Antigones  aut  personam  Menalippes, 
et  de  marmoreo  citharam  suspende  colosso.  230 

Quid,  Catilina,  tuis  natalibus  atque  Cethegi 
inveniet  quisquani  sublimius  ?  anna  tamen  vos 
nocturna  et  flammas  domibus  templisque  paratis, 
ut  Bracatorum  pueri  Senonumque  minores, 
ausi  quod  liceat  tunica  punire  molesta.  235 

sed  vigilat  consul  vexillaque  vestra  coercet. 
hie  novus  Arpinas,  ignobilis  et  modo  Romae 
municipals  eques,  galeatum  ponit  ubique 
praesidium  attonitis  et  in  omni  monte  laborat. 
tantum  igitur  muros  intra  toga  contulit  ill!         -    L'  240 
nominis  ac  tituli,  quantum  vlx  Leucade,  quantum 
Tliessaliae  campis  Octavius  abstulit  udo 
caedibus  assiduis  gladio  ;  set  Roma  parentem, 
Roma  patrem  patriae  Ciceronem  libera  dixit. 
Arpinas  alius  Volscorum  in  monte  solebat  245 

poscere  mercedes,  alieno  lassus  aratro  ; 
nodosam  post  haec  frangebat  vertice  vitem, 
Bi  lent  us  nigra  muniret  castra  dolabra: 
nir  tamen  et  Cimbros  et  summa  pencula  rerum 
exctpit,  et  solus  trepidantem  protegit  urbem  ;  250 


60  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

atque  ideo,  postquam  ad  Cimbros  stragemque  volabant 
qui  numquam  attigerant  niajora  cadavera  corvi, 
nobilis  ornatur  lauro  collega  secunda. 
plebeiae  Deciorum  animae,  plebeia  fuerunt 
nomina :  pro  totis  legionibus  hi  tamen  et  pro  255 

omnibus  auxiliis  atque  onmi  pube  Latina 
sufficiunt  dis  infernis  terraeque  parenti ; 
pluris  enim  Decii,  quam  quae  servantur  ab  illis. 
ancilla  natus  trabeam  et  diadema  Quirini 
et  fasces  meruit,  regum  ultimus  ille  bonorum.  260 

prodita  laxabant  portarum  claustra  tyrannis 
exulibus  juvenes  ipsius  eonsulis  et  quos 
magnum  aliquid  dubia  pro  libertate  deceret, 
quod  miraretur  cum  Coclite  Mucius  et  quae 
imperii  fines  Tiberinum  virgo  natavit.  265 

occulta  ad  patres  produxit  crimina  servus, 
matronis  lugendus  ;  at  illos  verbera  justis 
^^adficiunt  poenis  et  legum  prima  securis. 

Malo  pater  tibi  sit  Thersites,  dummodo  tu  sis 
Aeacidae  similis  Vulcaniaque  arma  capessas,  270 

quam  te  Thersitae  similem  producat  Achilles, 
et  tamen,  ut  longe  repetas  longeque  revolvas 
nomen,  ab  infami  gentem  deducis  asylo : 
majorum  primus,  quisquis  fuit  ille,  tuorum, 
aut  pastor  fuit  aut  illud  quod  dicere  nolo.  275 


SATVRA    X.  61 


Omnibus  in  terris,  quae  sunt  a  Gadibus  usque 
Auroram  et  Gangen,  pauci  dinoscere  possunt 
vera  bona  atque  illis  multum  diversa,  renSota 
erroris  nebula,     quid  enim  ratioue  timemus 
aut  cupimus  ?  quid  tarn  dextro  pede  coneipis,  ut  te        5 
conatus  non  paeniteat  votique  peracti  ? 
evertere  domos  totas  optantibus  ipsis 
di  faciles ;  nocitura  toga,  nocitura  petuntur 
militia ;  torrens  dicendi  copia  multis 
et  sua  mortifera  est  facundia ;  viribus  ille  10 

coufisus  periit  admirandisque  lacertis. 
sed  plures  nimia  congesta  pecunia  cura 
strangulat  et  cuncta  exuperans  patrimonia  census", 
quanto  delphinis  ballaena  Britannica  majoV. 
tempo ribus  diris  igitur  jussuque  Neronis  15 

Longinum  et  magnos  Senecae  praedivitis  hortos 
clausit  et  egregias  Lateranorum  obsidet  aedes 
tota  cobors.     rarus  venit  in  cenacula  miles, 
pauca  licet  portes  argenti  vascula  puri, 
nocte  iter  ingressus  gladium  contumque  timebis,       \    20 
et  motae  ad  lunam  trepidabis  harundinis  umbras : 
cantabit  vacuus  coram  latrone  viator.  ") 
prima  fere  vota  et  cunctis  notissima  templis 
divitiae,  crescant  ut  opes,  ut  maxima  toto 
nostra  sit  area  foro.     sed  nulla  aconita  bibuntur  25 

fictilibus ;  tunc  ilia  time,  cum  pocula  sumes 
/  F 


62  B.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

gemmata  et  lato  Setinum  ardebit  in  auro. 
jamne  igitur  laudas,  quod  de  sapientibus  alter 
ridebat,  quotiens  de  limine  moverat  uiium 
protuleratque  pedem,  flebat  contrarius  auctor  ?  30 

sed  facilis  cuivis  rigidi  censura  cachinni : 
mirandum  est,  unde  ille  oculis  sufFecerit  umor. 
perpetuo  risu  pulmonem  agitare  solebat 
Democritus,  quamquam  non  essent  urbibus  illis 
praetexta  et  trabeae,  fasces,  lectica,  tribunal.  35 

quid  si  vidisset  praetorem  curribus  altis 
exstantem,  et  medii  sublimem  pulvere  circi 
in  tunica  Jovis,  et  pictae  Sarrana  ferentem 
ex  umeris  aulaea  togae,  raagnaeque  coronae 
tantum  orbem  quanto  cervix  non  sufficit  ulla  ?  40 

quippe  tenet  sudans  hanc  publicus  et,  sibi  consul 
ne  placeat,  curru  servus  portatur  eodem. 
da  nunc  et  volucrem,  sceptro  quae  surgit  eburno, 
illinc  cornicines,  hinc  praecedentia  longi 
agminis  officia  et  niveos  ad  frena  Quirites,  45 

defossa  in  loculis  quos  sportula  fecit  araicos. 
turn  quoque  raateriam  risus  invenit  ad  omnis 
occursus  hominum,  cujus  prudentia  monstrat 
summos  posse  viros  et  magna  exempla  daturos 
vervecum  in  patria  crassoque  sub  aere  nasci.  50 

ridebat  curas,  nee  non  et  gaudia  vulgi, 
interdum  et  lacrimas,  cum  Fortunae  ipse  minaci 
mandaret  laqueum  mediumque  ostenderet  unguem. 
Ergo  supervacua  aut  vel  perniciosa  petuntur : 


SATVRA    X.  63 

propter  quae  fas  est  genua  incerare  deorum.   0  55 

Quosdam  praecipitat  subjecta  potentia  magnae 
iuvidiae ;  mergit  longa  atque  insignis  honorum 
pagina.     descendunt  statuae  restemque  sequuntur, 
ipsas  deinde  rotas  bigarum  in  pacta  securis      Q**Ap-y  . 
caedit,  et  inmeritis  frauguntur  crura  caballis :  60 

jam  strident  ignes,  jam  follibus  atque  caminis 
ardet  adoratum  populo  caput,  et  crepat  ingens 
Sejanus ;  deinde  ex  facie  toto  orbe  secunda 
fiunt  urceoli,  pelves,  sartagp,  matellae. 
pone  domi  laurus,  due  in  Capitolia  magnum  65 

cretatumque  bovem,  Sejanus  ducitur  unco 
spectandus !  gaudent  omnes.     ■  quae  labra,  quis  illi 
vultus  erat !  numquam,  si  quid  niihi  credis,  amavi 
hunc  hominem.     sed  quo  cecidit  sub  crimine  ?  quisnam 
delator  ?  quibus  indiciis,  quo  teste  probavit  ? '  70 

"  nil  horum,  verbosa  et  grandis  epistula  venit 
a  Capreis."    *  bene  habet ;  nil  plus  interrogo.     sed  quid 
turba  Remi?'  "sequitur  fortunam,  ut  semper,  et  odit 
damnatos ;  idem  populus,  si  Nortia  Tusco 
favisset,  si  oppressa  foret  secura  senectus  75 

principis,  liac  ipsa  Sejanum  diceret  hora 
Augustum.    jam  pridem,  ex  quo  suffragia  nulli 
vendimus,  effudit  curas ;  nam  qui  dabat  olim 
imperiura,  fasces,  legiones,  omnia,  nunc  se 
continet  atque  duas  tautum  res  anxius  optat,  80 

pancm  et  circenses."  '  perituros  audio  multos.' 
**  nil  dubium,  magna  est  ifornacula."   'pallidulus  mi 


64  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

Brutidius  meus  ad  Martis  fuit  obvius  aram. 
quam  tiraeo,  victus  ne  poenas  exigat  Ajax 
ut  male  defensus !  curramus  praecipites  et,  85 

dum  jacet  in  ripa,  (calcemus  Caesaris  hostem. 
sed  videant  servi,  ne  quis  neget  et  pavidum  in  Jus 
cervice  obstricta  dominum  trahat.'     hi  sermones 
tunc  de  Sejano,  secreta  haec  murmura  vulgi. 
visne  salutari  sicut  Sejanus  ?  habere  90 

tantundem,  atque  illi  summas  donare  curules, 
ilium  exercitibus  praeponere,  tutor  haberi 
prmcipis  angusta  Caprearum  in  rape  sedentis 
cum  grege  Chaldaeo  ?  vis  certe  pila,  cohortes, 
egregios  equites,  et  castra  domestica  ?  quidni  95 

haec  cupias  ?  et  qui  nolunt  occidere  quemquam, 
t  posse  volunt.     sed  quae  praeclara  et  prospera  tanti, 
'   ut  rebus  laetis  par  sit  mensura  malorum? 

hujus,  qui  trahitur,  praetextam  sumere  mavis,    . 

an  Fidenarum  Gabiorumque  esse  potestas  100 

et  de  mensura  jus  dicere,  vasa  minora 

frangere,  pannosus  vacuis  aedilis  Ulubris  ? 

ergo  quid  optandum  foret,  ignorasse  fateris 

Sejanum ;  nam  qui  nimios  optabat  honores 

et  niraias  poscebat  opes,  numerosa  parabat  105 

excelsae  turn's  tabulata,  unda  altior  esset 

casus  et  impulsae  praeceps  immane  ruinae. 

quid  Crassos,  quid  Pompeios  evertit,  et  ilium 

ad  sua  qui  domitos  deduxit  flagra  Quirites  ? 

summus  nempe  locus  nulla  non  arte  petitus,  110 


SATVRA    X.  65 

magnaque  numinibus  vota  exaudita  malignis. 

ad  generum  Cereris  sine  caede  ac  vulnere  pauci 

descendunt  reges  et  sicca  morte  tyranni. 

Eloquium  ac  famam  Demosthenis  aut  Ciceronis 

incipit  optare  et  totis  quinquatribus  optat,  115 

quisquis  adhuc  uno  parcam  colit  asse  Minervam, 

quern  sequitur  custos  angustae  yjernula  capsae. 

eloquio  sed  uterque  pent  orator,  utrumque 

largus  et  exundans  leto  dedit  ingenii  fons. 

iDgenio  manus  est  et  cervix  caesa,  nee  umquam  120 

sanguine  causidici  maduerunt  rostra  pusilli. 

1  o  fortunatam  natam  me  consule  Romam ! ' 

Antoni  gladios  potuit  contemnere,  si  sic 

omnia  dixisset.     ridenda  poemata  malo, 

quam  te  conspicuae,  divina  Philippica,  famae,  125. 

volveris  a  prima  quae  proxima.     saevus  et  ilium 

exitus  eripuit,  quern  mirabantur  Athenae 

torrentem  et  pleni  moderantem  frena  theatri : 

dis  ille  adversis  genitus  fatoque  sinistro, 

quem  pater  ardentis  massae  fuligine  lippus  130 

a  carbone  et  forcipibus  gladiosque  parante 

incude  et  luteo  Vulcano  ad  rhetora  misit.  ^ 

.    Bellorum  exuviae,  truncis  adfixa  tropaeis 

lonca,  et  tracts  de  casside  buccula  pendens, 

artum  temone  jugum,  victaeque  triremis  135 

apiustre,  et  summo  tnstis  captivos  in  arcu, 

humanis  majora  bonis  creduntur.     ad  hoc  se 

Jlomanus  Graiusque  et  barbarus  induperator  \ — -ytak-*-*. 
5  — Juv.  '         F2 


bb  D.  IVNII    IVVENALI8 

erexit :  causas  discriminis  atque  laboris 

inde  habuit.     tanto  major  famae  sitis  est  quam  140 

virtutis  ;  quis  enim  virtutem  ainplectitur  ipsam, 

praemia  si  tollas  ?  patriani  tamen  obruit  olim 

gloria  paucorum  et  laudis  titulique  cupido 

haesuri  saxis  ciiierum  custodibus,  ad  quae 

discutienda  valent  sterilis  mala  robora  fici,  145 

quandoquidem  data  sunt  ipsis  quoque  fata  sepulchris. 

expende  Hannibalem,  quot  libras  in  duce  summo 

invenies  ?  hie  est,  quern  non  capit  Africa  Mauro 

percussa  Oceano  Niloque  admo/a  tepenti, 

rursus  ad  Aethiopum  populos  altosque  elephantos.      150 

additur  imperils  Hispania,  Pyrenaeum 

transilit.     opposuit  natura  Alpemque  nivemque, 

diducit  scopulos  et  montem  rumpit  aceto. 

jam  tenet  Italiam,  tamen  ultra  pergere  tendit. 

'  actum,'  inquit,  '  nihil  est,  nisi  Poeno  milite  portas     155 

frangimus  et  media  vexillum  pono  Subura.' 

o  qualis  facies  et  quali  digna  tabella, 

cum  Gaetula  ducem  portaret  belua  luscum ! 

exitus  ergo  quis  est?  o  gloria!  vincitur  idem 

nempe  et  in  exilium  praeceps  fugit  atque  ibi  magnus  160 

mirandusque  cliens  sedet  ad  praetoria  regis, 

donee  Bithyno  libeat  vigilare  tyranno. 

finem  animae,  quae  res  humanas  miscuit  olim, 

non  gladii,  non  saxa  dabunt,  nee  tela,  sed  ille 

Cannarum  vindex  et  tanti  sanguinis  ultor  165 

anulus.     i,  demens,  et  saevas  curre  per  Alpes, 


SATVRA    X.  67 

ut  pueris  placeas  et  declamatio  fias ! 
v  unus  Pellaeo  juveni  non  sufficit  orbis, 
aostuat  ini'elix  angusto  limite  mundi, 
ut  Gyari  clausus  scopulis  parvaque  Seripho  ;  170 

cum  tamen  a  figulis  niunitam  iutraverit  urbem, 


^sarcophago  contentus  erit.     niors  sola  fatetur, 
quantiua  sint  hominum  coB^sciifa.     creditui*  olim 


. 


velificatus  Athos  et  quidquid  Graecia  mendax 

audet  in  historia,  constratura  classibus  tsdem  175 

suppositumque  rotis  solidum  mare  credimus,  altos 

defecisse  amnes  epotaque  flumina  Medo 

prandente,  et  madidis  cantat  quae  Sostratus  alis. 

ille  tamen  qualis  rediit  Sakimine  relicta, 

in  Corum  atque  Eurum  solitus  saevire  flagellis  180 

barbarus,  Aeolio  numquam  hoc  in  carcere  passos, 

ipsum  compedibus  qui  vinxerat  Ennosigaeum  — 

mitius  id  sane,  quod  non  et  stigmate  dignum 

credidit.     huic  quisquam  vellet  servire  deorum !  — 

sed  qualis  rediit  ?  nempe  una  nave,  cruentis  185 

fluctibus,  ac  tarda  per  densa  cadavera  prora. 

has  totiens  optata  exegit  gloria  poenas ! 

'Da  spatium  vitae,  multos  da,  Juppiter,  annos!' 
hoc  recto  vultu,  solum  hoc  et  pallidus  optas. 
Bed  411am  continuis  et  quantis  longa  senectus  190 

plena  malis !  deformem  et  taetrum  ante  omnia  vultum 
dis8imilemque  sui,  deformem  pro  cute  pellem 
pendentisque  genas  et  talis  aspice  ru^s7 
quales,  umbriferos  ubi  pandit  Thabraca  saltus, 


68  D.  IVNII    IVVENALI8 

in  vetula  scalpit  jam  mater  simia  bucca.  195 

plurima  sunt  juvenum  discrimina ;  pulchrior  ille 

hoc,  atque  ille  alio,  multum  hie  robustior  illo  ; 

una  senum  facies,  cum  voce  trementia  membra 

et  jam  leve  caput  madidique  infantia  nasi, 

frangendus  misero  gingiva  panis  inermi.  200 

usque  adeo  gravis  uxori  natisque  sibique, 

ut  captatori  moveat  fastidia  Cosso.  ^ 

non  eadeni  vini  atque  cibi  torpente  palato  203 

gaudia aspice  partis 

nunc  damnum  alterius.    nam  quae  cantante  voluptas,  $10 

sit  licet  eximius  citharoedus  sitve  Seleucus 

et  quibus  aurata  mos  est  fulgere  lacerna  ? 

quid  refert,  magni  sedeat  qua  parte  theatri, 

qui  vix  cornicines  exaudiet  atque  tubarum 

concentus  ?  clamore  opus  est,  ut  sentiat  auris,  215 

quem  dicat  venisse  puer,  quot  nuntiet  horas. 

praeterea  minimus  gelido  jam  in  corpore  sanguis 

febre  calet  sola  ;  circumsilit  agmine  facto 

morborum  omne  genus,  quorum  si  nomina  quaeras, 

promptius  expediam,  quot  amaverit  Oppia  moechos 

quot  Themison  aegros  autumno  occiderit  uno ;  221 

percurram  citius,  quot  villas  possideat  nunc,  225 

quo  tondente  gravis  juveni  mihi  barba  sonabat. 

ille  umero,  hie  lumbis,  hie  coxa  debilis ;  ambos 

perdidit  ille  oculos  et  luscis  invidet ;  hujus 

pallida  labra  cibum  accipiunt  digitis  alienis, 

ipse  ad  conspectum  cenae  diducere  rictum  230 


Jt* 


SATVRA    X.  69 

suetus  hiat  tan  turn,  ceu  pullus  hirundinis,  ad  quern 

ore  volat  pleno  mater  jejunal    sed  omni 

membrorum  damno  major  dementia,  quae  nee 

nomina  serve-rum  nee  vultum  agnoscit  amici, 

cum  quo  praeterita  cenavit  nocte,  nee  illos,  235 — -I 

quos  genuit,  quos  eduxit.     nam  codice  saevo 

heredes  vetat  esse  suos,  bona  tota  feruntur 

ad  Phialen  ;  tantum  artificis  valet  halitus  ori.s 

quod  steterat  multis  in  carcere  fornicis  annis. 

ut  vigeant  sensus  animi,  ducenda  tamen  sunt  240 

funera  natorum,  rogus  aspiciendus  amatae 

conjugis  et  fratris  plenaeque  sororibus  urnae. 

haec  data  poena  diu  viventibus,  ut  renovata 

semper  clade  domus  multis  in  luctibus  inque 

perpetuo  maerore  et  nigra  veste  senescant.  245 

rex  Pylius,  magno  si  quidquam  credis  Homero, 

exemplum  vitae  fuit  a  cornice  secundae. 

felix  nimirum,  qui  tot  per  saecula  mortem 

distulit  atque  suos  jam  dextra  computat  annos, 

quique  novum  totiens  mustum  bibit.     oro,  parumper  250 

attendas,  quantum  de  legibus  ipse  queratur 

fatorum  et  nimio  de  stamine,  cum  videt  acris 

Amiloehi  barbam  ardentem,  cum  quaerit  ab  omni 

quisquis  adest  socius,  cur  haec  in  tempora  duret, 

quod  facinus  dignum  tam  longo  admiserit  aevo  ?         255 

haec  eadem  Peleus,  raptum  cum  luget  Achillem, 

atque  alius,  cui  fas  Ithacum  lugere  natantem. 

incolumi  Troja  Priamus  venisset  ad  umbras 


70  D.IVNII    IVVENALIS 

IAssaraci  magnis  sollemnibus,  Hectore  funus 
portante  ac  reliquis  fratrum  cervicibus  inter  260 

Iliadum  lacrimas,  ut  primos  edere  planctus 
Cassandra  inciperet  scissaque  Polyxena  palla, 
si  foret  exstinctus  diverso  tempore,  quo  non 
coeperat  audaces  Paris  aedificare  carinas, 
longa  dies  igitur  quid  contulit  ?  omnia  vidit  265 

eversa  et  flammis  Asiam  ferroque  cadentem. 
tunc  miles  tremulus  posita  tulit  arma  tiara 
et  ruit  ante  aram  summi  Jovis,  ut  vetulus  bos, 
qui  domini  cultris  tenue  et  miserabile  collum 
praebet,  ab  ingrato  jam  fastiditus  aratro.  270 

exitus  ille  utcumque  hominis,  sed  torva  canino 
latravit  rictu,  quae  post  bunc  vixerat,  uxor, 
festino  ad  nostros,  et  regem  transeo  Ponti 
et  Croesum,  quern  vox  justi  facunda  Solonis 
respicere  ad  longae  jussit  spatia  ultima  vitae.  275 

exilium  et  career  Minturnarumque  paludes 
et  mendicatus  victa  Carthagine  panis 
hinc  causas  habuere.     quid  illo  cive  tulisset 
natura  in  terris,  quid  Eoma  beatius  umquam, 
si  circumducto  captivorum  agmine  et  omni  280 

bellorum  pompa  animam  exhalasset  opimam, 
"cum  de  Teutonico  vellet  descendere  curru  ? 
provida  Pompeio  dederat  Campania  febres 
optandas,  sed  multae  urbes  et  publica  vota 
vicerunt ;  igitur  fortuua  ipsius  et  urbis  285 

servatum  victo  caput  abstulit.     hoc  cruciatu 


SATVRA    X.  71 

Lentulus,  hac  poena  caruit  ceciditque  Cethegus 
integer,  et  jacuit  Catilina  cadavere  toto.  J^ 

Formam  optat  modico  pueris,  majore  puellis 
murmure,  cum  Veneris  fanum  videt,  anxia  mater       290 
^^usque  ad  delicias  votorum.     '  cur  tamen,'  inquit, 
*  corripias  ?  pulchra  gaudet  Latona  Diana.'  / 
sed  vetat  optari  faciem  Lucretia,  qualem 
ipsa  habuit ;  cuperet  Rutilae  Verginia  gibbum 
accipere  atque  suam  Rutilae  dare,     filius  autem         295 
corporis  egregii  miseros  trepidosque  parentes 
semper  habet ;  rara  est  adeo  concordia  formae 
atque  pudicitiae.     sanctos  licet  horrida  mores 
tradiderit  domus  ac  veteres  imitata  Sabinos, 
praeterea  castum  ingenium  vultumque  modesto  300 

,    sanguine  ferventem  tribuat  natura  beuigna 

larga  manu* —  quid  enim  puero  conferre  potest  plus  ) 
custode  et  cucanatura  potentior  omni  ? —  *s 

non  licet  esse  viro  ;  nam  prodiga  corruptoris 
improbitas  ipsos  audet  temptare  parentes.  305 

1  sed  casto  quid  forma  nocet  ?  '     quid  profuit  immo     324 
Hippolyto  grave  propositum,  quid  Bellerophonti  \ 
erubuit  nempe  haec,  ceu  fastidita,  repulsa 
nee  Stheneboea  minus  quam  Cressa  excanduit,  et  se 
concussere  ambae.     mulier  saevissima  tunc  est, 
cum  stimulos  odio  pudor  admovet.     elige,  quicmam 
suadendum  esse  putes,  cui  nubere  Caesaris  uxor  330 

destinat.     optimus  hie  et  formosissimus  idam  f\*. 

gentis  patriciae  rapitur  miser  exstmguenclus^iQ 


A 


72  D.  IVNII    IVVENALI8 

Messalinae  oculis ;  dudum  sedet  ilia  parato 
flammeolo,  Ty^riusque  palam  genialis  in  hortis 
sternitur,  etjritu  decies  centena  dabuntur  335 

antiquofveniet  cum  signatoribus  auspex. 
haec  tu  secreta  et  paucis  commissa  putabas  ? 
non^nisi  legitime  vult  nubere.     quid  placeat,  die : 
ni  parere  velis,  pereundum  erit  ante  lucernas ; 
si  scelus  admittas,  dabitur  mora  parvula,  dum  res      340 
nota  urbi  et  populo  contingat  principis  aurem. 
dedecus  ille  domus  sciet  ultimus ;  interea  tu 
obsequere  imperio,  si  tanti  vita  dierum 
paucorum.     quidquid  levius  meliusque  putaris, 

faebenda  est  gladio  pulchra  haec  et  Candida  cervix.  345 
*  Ml  ergo  optabunt  homines  ? '     si  consilium  vis, 
permittes  ipsis  expendere  numinibus,  quid 
conveniat  nobi^xebusquejit  utile  nostris. 
nam  pro  jucundis  aptissima  quaeque  dabunt  di. 
carior  est  illis  homo,  quam  sibi.     nos  animorum  I       350 
inpulsu  et  caeca  magnaque  cupidine  ducti 
conjugium  petimus  partumque*  uxoris ;  at  illis 
notum,  qui  pueri  qualisque  futura  sit  uxor, 
ut  tamen  et  poscas  aliquid  voveasque  sacellis 
exta  et  candiduli  divina  tomacula  porci,  355 

orandum  est,  ut  sit  mens  sana  in  corpore  sano. 
fortem  posce  animum,  mortis  terrore  carentem, 
qui  spatium  vitae  extremum  inter  munera  ponat 
naturae,  qui  ferre  queat  quoscumque  labores, 
nesciat  irasci,  cupiat  nihil,  et  potiores  360 


SATVRA    XI.  73 

Herculis  aerumnas  credat  sae^osque  labores 

et  Venere  et  cenis  et  pluma  SardauapaUi^ 

monstro  quod  ipse  tibi  possis  dare :  semitaNcerte 

tranquillae  per  virtutem  patet  unica  vitae. 

nullum  numen  habes,  si  sit  prudentia ;  nos  te,  365 

nos  facimus,  Fortuna,  deam  caeloque  locamua. 

XL 

< 
Atticus  eximie  si  cenat,  lautus  habetur ; 

si  Rutilus,  demens.     quid  enim  majore  cachinno 

excipitur  vulgi,  quam  pauper  Apicius  ?  omnis 

convictus,  thermae,  stationes,  omne  theatrum 

de  Rutilo.     nam  dum  valida  ac  juvenalia  membra        5 

sufficiunt  galeae  dumque  ardent  sanguine,  fertur 

(non  cogente  quidem,  sed  nee  prohibente  tribuno) 

scripturus  leges  et  regia  verba  lanistae. 

multos  porro  vides,  quos  saepe  elusus  ad  ipsum 

creditor  introitum  solet  exspectare  macelli,  10 

et  quibus  in  solo  vivendi  causa  palato  est. 

egregius  cenat  meliusque  miserrimus  horum 

et  cito  casurus  jam  perlucente  ruina. 

interea  gustus  elementa  per  omnia  quaerunt, 

numquam  amnio  pretiis  obstantibus ;  interius  si  15 

^idtendas,  magis  ilia  juvant  quae  pluris  emuntur. 

ergo  haut  difficile  est  perituram  arcessere  summam 

lancibus  oppositis  vel  matris  imagine  fracta, 

et  quadringentis  nummis  condire  gulosum 

fictile  :  sic  veniunt  ad  miscellanea  ludi.  20 

G 


74  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

Refert  ergo,  quis  haec  eadem  paret :  in  Rutilo  nam 
luxuria  est,  in  Ventidio  laudabile  nomen 
sumit  et  a  censu  faniam  trahit.     ilium  ego  jure 
despiciam,  qui  scit,  quanto  sublimior  Atlas 
omnibus  in  Libya  sit  montibus,  hie  tamen  idem  25 

ignoret,  quantum  ferrata  distet  ab  area 
sacculus.     e  caelo  descendit  jvwOi  aeavrov, 
figendum  et  memori  tractandum  pectore,  sive 
conjugium  quaeras  vel  sacri  in  parte  senatus 
esse  velis ;  neque  enim  loricam  poscit  Achillis  30 

Thersites,  in  qua  se  transducebat  Ulixes ; 
ancipitem  seu  tu  magno  discrimine  causam 
protegere  adfectas,  te  consule,  die  tibi  qui  sis, 
orator  vehemens,  an  Curtius  et  Matho  buccae. 
noscenda  est  mensura  sui  spectandaque  rebus  35 

in  summis  minimisque,  etiam  cum  piscis  emetur ; 
ne  mullum  cupias,  cum  sit  tibi  gobio  tantum 
in  loculis.     quis  enim  te  deficiente  crumina 
et  crescente  gula  manet  exitus,  aere  paterno 
ac  rebus  mersis  in  ventrem  fenoris  atque  40 

argenti  gravis  et  pecorum  agrorumque  capacem  ? 
talibus  a  dominis  post  cuncta  novissimus  exit 
anulus,  et  digito  mendicat  Pollio  nudo. 
non  praematuri  cineres  nee  funus  acerbum 
luxuriae,  sed  morte  magis  metuenda  senectus.  45 

hi  plerumque  gradus  :  conducta  pecunia  Romae 
et  coram  dominis  consumitur ;  inde  ubi  paulum 
nescio  quid  superest  et  pallet  fenoris  auctor, 


SATVRA    XI.  75 

qui  vertere  solum,  Baias  et  ad  ostrea  currunt. 

cedere  naraque  foro  jam  non  est  deterius  quam  50 

Esquilias  a  ferveuti  migrare  Subura. 

ille  dolor  solus  patriam  fugientibus,  ilia 

maestitia  est,  caruisse  anuo  circensibus  uno. 

sanguinis  in  facie  non  haeret  gutta ;  morantur 

pauci  ridiculum  et  fugientem  ex  urbe  pudorem.  55 

Experiere  hodie,  numquid  puleherrima  dictu, 
Persice,  non  praestem  vita  vel  moribus  et  re, 
si  iaudem  sifiquas  occultus  ganeo,  pulW'" 
coram  aliis  dictem  puero,  sed  in  aure  placentas, 
nam  cum  sis  conviva  mihi  promissus,  habebis  60 

Euandrum,  venies  Tirynthius  aut  minor  illo 
hospes,  et  ipse  tamen  contingens  sanguine  caelum, 
alter  aquis,  alter  flammis  ad  sidera  missus, 
fercula  nunc  audi  nullis  ornata  macellis. 
de  Tiburtino  veniet  pinguissimus  agro  65 

haedulus  et  toto  grege  mollior,  inscius  herbae, 
necdum  ausus  virgas  humilis  mordere  salicti, 
qui  plus  lactis  habet  quam  sanguinis,  et  montani 
asparagi,  posito  quos  legit  vilica  fuso ; 
grandia  praeterea  tortoque  calentia  faeno  70 

ova  adsunt  ipsis  cum  matribus,  et  servatae 
parte  anni  quales  fuerant  in  vitibus  uvae, 
Signinum  Syriumque  pirum,  de  corbibus  isdem 
aemula  Picenis  et  odoris  mala  recentis, 
nee  metuenda  tibi,  siccatum  frigore  postquam  75 

autumnum  et  crudi  posuere  pericula  suci. 


76  D.  IVNII    IVVENALI8 

haec  olim  nostri  jam  luxuriosa  senatus 

cena  fuit.     Curius  parvo  quae  legerat  horto 

ipse  focis  brevibus  ponebat  holuscula,  quae  nunc 

squalidus  in  magna  fastidit  compede  fossor,  80 

qui  meminit,  calidae  sapiat  quid  vulva  popinae. 

sicci  terga  suis,  rara  pendentia  crate, 

moris  erat  quondam  festis  servare  diebus 

et  natalicium  cognatis  ponere  lardum, 

accedente  nova,  si  quam  dabat  hostia,  carne.  85 

cognatorum  aliquis  titulo  ter  consulis  atque 

castrorum  imperiis  et  dictatoris  honore 

functus  ad  has  epulas  solito  maturius  ibat, 

erectum  domito  referens  a  monte  ligonem. 

cum  tremerent  autem  Fabios  durumque  Catonem         90 

et  Scauros  et  Fabricios,  postremo  severos 

censoris  mores  etiam  collega  timeret, 

nemo  inter  curas  et  seria  duxit  habendum, 

qualis  in  Oceani  fluctu  testudo  nataret, 

clarum  Trojugenis  factura  et  nobile  fulcrum,  95 

sed  nudo  latere  et  parvis  frons  aerea  lectis 

vile  coronati  caput  osteudebat  aselli, 

ad  quod  lascivi  ludebant  ruris  alumni. 

tales  ergo  cibi,  qualis  domus  atque  supellex. 

tunc  rudis  et  Graias  mirari  nescius  artes  100 

urbibus  eversis  praedarum  in  parte  reperta 

magnorum  artificum  frangebat  pocula  miles, 

ut  phaleris  gauderet  ecus,  caelataque  cassis 

Romuleae  simulacra  ferae  mansuescere  jussae 


SATVRA    XI.  77 

imperii  fato,  geininos  sub  rupe  Quirinos,  105 

ac  nudam  effigiem  clipeo  venientis  et  hasta 

pendentisque  dei  penturo  ostenderet  hosti. 

ponebant  igitur  Tusco  farrata  catiuo ; 

argenti  quod  erat,  solis  fulgebat  in  armis. 

omnia  tunc,  quibus  invideas,  si  livrdulus  sis.  110 

templorum  quoque  majestas  praesentior  et  vox 

nocte  fere  media  mediamque  audita  per  urbem, 

litore  ab  Oceani  Gallis  venientibus  et  dis 

officium  vatis  peragentibus.     his  monuit  nos, 

hanc  rebus  Latiis  curam  praestare  solebat  115 

fictilis  et  nullo  vtomusJuppiter  auro. 

ilia  domi  natas  nostraque  ex  arbore  mensas 

tempora  viderunt ;  hos  lignum  stabat  ad  usus, 

annosam  si  forte  nucem  dejecerat  eurus. 

at  nunc  divitibus  cenandi  nulla  voluptas,  120 

nil  rhombus,  nil  dama  sapit,  putere  videntur 

unguenta  atque  rosae,  latos  nisi  sustinet  orbes 

grande  ebur  et  magno  sublimis  pardus  hiatu, 

dentibus  ex  illis,  quos  mittit  porta  Syenes 

et  Mauri  celeres  et  Mauro  obscurior  Indus,  125 

et  quos  deposuit  Nabataeo  belua  saltu, 

jam  nimios  capitique  graves,     hinc  surgit  orexis, 

hinc  stomacho  vires ;  nam  pes  argenteus  illis, 

anulus  in  digito  quod  ferreus.     ergo  superbum 

convivam  caveo,  qui  me  sibi  comparat  et  res  130 

despicit  exiguas.     adeo  nulla  uncia  nobis 

est  eboris,  nee  tessellae,  nee  calculus  ex  hac 
G2 


78  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

materia,  quin  ipsa  manubria  cultellorum 

ossea ;  non  tamen  his  ulla  umquam  obsonia  fiunt 

rancidula,  aut  ideo  pejor  gallina  secatur.  135 

sed  nee  structor  erit,  cui  cedere  debeat  omnis 

pergula,  discipulus  Trypheri  doctoris,  aput  quern 

sumine  cum  magno  lepus  atque  aper  et  pygargus 

et  Scythicae  volucres  et  phoenicopterus  iugens 

et  Gaetulus  oryx  hebeti  lautissima  ferro  140 

caeditur  et  tota  sonat  ulmea  cena  Subura. 

nee  frustum  capreae  subducere  nee  latus  Afrae 

novit  avis  noster,  tirunculus  ac  rudis  omni 

tempore  et  exiguae  furtis  inbutus  ofellae. 

plebeios  calices  et  paucis  assibus  emptos  145 

porriget  incultus  puer  atque  a  frigore  tutus ; 

non  Phryx  aut  Lyeius,  non  a  mangone  petitus 

quisquam  erit  et  magno.     cum  posces,  posce  Latine. 

idem  habitus  cunctis,  tonsi  rectique  capilli 

atque  hodie  tantum  propter  con vi via  pexi.  150 

pastoris  duri  hie  est  films,  ille  bubulci. 

suspirat  longo  non  visam  tempore  matrem, 

et  casulam  et  notos  tristis  desiderat  haedos, 

ingenui  vultus  puer  ingenuique  pudoris, 

quales  esse  decet  quos  ardens  purpura  vestit.  155 

hie  tibi  vina  dabit  diffusa  in  montibus  illis,  159 

a  quibus  ipse  venit,  quorum  sub  vertice  lusit ; 

namque  una  atque  eadem  est  vini  patria  atque  ministri. 

Nostra  dabunt  alios  hodie  convivia  ludos  :  179 

conditor  Iliados  cantabitur  atque  Maronis   • 


SATVRA    XI.  79 

altisoni  dubiam  facientia  carmina  palmam. 
quid  refert,  tales  versus  qua  voce  legantur  ? 

Sed  nunc  dilatis  averte  negotia  curis  183 

et  gratara  requiem  dona  tibi,  quando  licebit 
per  totum  cessare  diem,     non  fenoris  ulla 
mentio,  nee,  prima  si  luce  egressa  reverti 
nocte  solet,  tacito  bilem  tibi  contrahat  uxor.  187 

protinus  ante  meura  quidquid  dolet  exue  limen ;         190 
pone  domum  et  servos  et  quidquid  frangitur  illis 
aut  perit ;  ingratos  ante  omnia  pone  sodales. 
interea  Megalesiacae  spectacula  mappae, 
Idaeum  sollemne,  colunt,  similisque  triumpho 
praeda  caballorum  praetor  sedet  ac,  mihi  pace  195 

immensae  nimiaeque  licet  si  dicere  plebis, 
totam  hodie  Romam  circus  capit  et  fragor  aurem 
percutit,  eventum  viridis  quo  colligo  panni : 
nam  si  deficeret,  maestam  attonitamque  videres 
hanc  urbem,  veluti  Cannarum  in  pulvere  victis  200 

consulibus.     spectent  juvenes,  quos  clamor  et  audax 
sponsio,  quos  cultae  decet  adsedisse  puellae ; 
nostra  bibat  vernum  contracta  cuticula  solem 
effugiatque  togam.    jam  nunc  in  balnea  salva 
fronte  licet  vadas,  quamquam  solida  hora  supersit      205 
ad  sextam.     facere  hoc  non  possis  quinque  diebus 
continuis,  quia  sunt  talis  quoque  taedia  vitae 
magna ;  voluptates  commendat  rarior  usus. 


80  -     D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

XIII. 

Exemplo  quodcumque  malo  committitur,  ipsi 
displicet  auctori.     prima  est  haeoiiltio,  qupd  se 
judice  nemo  nocens  absolvjtur,  imp^oba  quamvis 
gratia  fallaci  praetoris  viaerit  urna. 
quid  sentire  putas  omnes,  Calvine,  recenti  5 

de  scelere  et  fidei  violatae  crimine  ?  sed  nee 
tarn  tenuis  census  tibi  contigit,  ut  mediocris 
jacturae  te  mergat  onus,  nee  rara  videmus 
quae  patens ;  casus  multis  hie  cognitus  ac  jam 
v       untuset  e  (medio  fortunae  ductus  acervo>)  10 

ponamus  nimios  gemitus :  flagrantior  aequo 
non  debet  dolor  esse  viri,  nee  vulnere  major, 
tu  quamvis  le,vium  minimam  exiguamque  malorum 
particulam  vix  ferre  potes,  spumantibus  ardens 
visceribus,  sacrum  tibi  quod  non  reddat  amicus  15 

-^  ,  depositum.     stupet  haec,  qui  jam  post  terga  reliquit 
sexaginta  annos,  Fonteio  consule  natus  ? 
an  nihil  in  melius  tot  rerum  proficit  usus  ? 
magna  quidem,  sacris  quae  dat  praecepta  libellis, 
victrix  fortunae  sapientia ;  ducimus  autem  20 

hos  quoque  felices,-^ui  ferre  incommoda  vitae 
nee  jactare  jugum  vita  didicere  magistra.  \ 
quae  tarn  festa  dies,  ut  cesset  prodere  furem, 
perfidiam,  fraudes,  atque  omni  ex  crimine  lucrum 
quaesitum,  et  partos  gladio  vel  puxide  nummos  ?  25 

rari  quippe  boni ;  numero  vix  sunt  totidem  quot 


SATVRA    XIII.  81 

Thebarum  portae  vel  divitis  ostia  Nili. 

nona  aetas  agitur  pejoraque  saecula  ferri 

temporibus,  quorum  sceleri  non  invenit  ipsa 

nomen  et  a  nullo  posuit  natura  metallo.  30 

nos  hominum  divumque  fidem  clamore  ciemus, 

[uanto  Faesidiura  laudat  vocalis  agentem 

irtula.     die,  senior  bulla  dignissime,  nescis, 

quas  habeat  veneres  aliena  pecunia  ?  nescis, 

quem  tua  siraplicitas  risum  vulgo  moveat,  cum  35 

exigis  a  quoquam  ne  pejeret  et  putet  ullis 

esse  aliquod  numen  templis  araeque  rubenti  ?    .*. 

quondam  hoc  indigenae  vivebant  more,  priusquam 

sumeret  agrestem  posito  diademate  falcem 

Saturnus  fugiens,  tunc,  cum  virguncula  Juno  40 

et  privatus  adhuc  Idaeis  Juppiter  antris, 

nulla  super  nubes  convivia  caelicolarum, 

nee  puer  Iliacus,  formonsa  nee  Herculis  uxor 

ad  cyathos,  et  jam  siccato  nectare  tergens 

bracchia  Yulcanus  Liparaea  nigra  taberna.  45 

prandebata  bf  qufsque  deus,  nee  turba  deorum 

talis  ut  est  hodie,  contentaque  sidera  paucis 

numinibus  miserum  urguebant  Atlanta  minori 

pondere.     nondum  alTquiFsortitus  triste  profundi 

imperium,  aut  Sicula  torvus  cumci>njuge  Pluton,         50 

nee  rota  nee  Furiae  nee  saxum  aut  vulturis  atri 

poena,  sed  infernis  hilares  sine  regibus  umbrae. 

inprobitas  illo  fuit  admirabilis  aevo, 

credebant  quo  grande  nefas  et  morte  piandum, 
6— Juv. 


82  B.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

si  juvenis  vetulo  non  assurrexerat  et  si  55 

barbato  cuicumque  puer,  licet  ipse  videret 

plura  domi  fraga  et  majores  glandis  acervos. 

tam  venerabile  erat  praeeedere  quattuor  annis, 

primaque  par  adeo  sacrae  lanugo  senectae. 

nunc,  si  depositum  non  infitietur  amicus,  60 

si  reddat  veterem  cum  tota  aerugine  follem, 

prodigiosa  fides  et  Tuscis  digna  libellis, 

quaeque  coronata  lustrari  debeat  agna.*^' 

egregium  sanctumque  virum  si  cerno,  bimembri 

hoc  monstrum  puero  vel  miranti  sub  aratro  65 

piscibus  inventis  et  fetae  conparo  mulae, 

sollicitus,  tamquam  lapides  effuderit  imber 

examenque  apium  longa  consederit  uva 

culmine  delubri,  tamquam  in  mare  fluxerit  amnis 

gurgitibus  miris  et  lactis  vertice  torrens.     V  70 

Intercepta  decern  quereris  sestertia  fraude 
sacrilega?  quid  si  bis  centum  perdidit  alter 
hoc  arcana  modo  ?  majorem  tertius  ilia 
summam,  quam  patulae  vix  ceperat  angulus  arcae  ?     " 
tain  facile  et  pronum  est  superos  contemnere  testes,      75 
si  mortalis  idem  nemo  sciat !  aspice,  quanta 
voce  neget,  quae  sit  ficti  constantia  vultus. 
per  Solis  radios  Tarpeiaque  fulmina  jurat 
et  Martis  frameam  et  Cirraei  spicula  vatis, 
per  calamos  venatricis  pharetramque  puellae,  80 

perque  tuum,  pater  Aegaei  Neptune,  tridentem  ; 
addit  et  Herculeos  arcus  hastamque  Minervae, 


SATVRA    XIII.  83 

quidquid  habent  telorum  armamentaria  caeli. 

si  vero  et  pater  est,  '  comedam,'  inquit,  '  flebile  nati 

sinciput  elixi  Pharioque  madentis  aceto.'  </  ^  85 

Sunt  in  fortunae  qui  casibus  omnia  ponant 
et  nullo  credant  mundum  rectore  moveri, 
natura  volvente  vices  et  lucis  et  anni, 
atque  ideo  intrepidi  quaecumque  altaria  tangunt. 
[est  alius  metuens,  ne  crimen  poena  sequatur  ;]  90 

hie  putat  esse  deos  et  pejerat,  atque  ita  secum : 
'  decernat  quodcumque  volet  de  corpore  nostro 
Isis  et  irato  feriat  mea  lumina  sistro, 
dummodo  vel  caecus  teneam  quos  abnego  nummos. 
et  phthisis  et  vomicae  putres  et  dimidium  crus  95 

sunt  tanti.     pauper  locupletem  optare  podagram 
nee  dubitet  Ladas,  si  non  eget  Anticyra  nee 
Archigeue ;  quid  enim  velocis  gloria  plantae 
praestat  et  esuriens  Pisaeae  ramus  olivae? 
ut  sit  magna,  tamen  certe  lenta  ira  deorum  est :  100 

si  curant  igitur  cunctos  punire  nocentes, 
quando  ad  me  venient  ?  sed  et  exorabile  numen 
fortasse  experiar ;  solet  his  ignoscere.     multi 
committunt  eadem  diverso  crimina  fato ;       tj>^ .  i 
ille  crucem  sceleris  pretium  tulit,  hie  diadema.'  105 

sjc  animum  dirae  trepidum  formidine  culpae 
oonfirinat,  tunc  to  surra  ad  dclubra  vocantein 
praecedit,  trahere  immo  ultro  ac  vexare  paratus. 
nam  cum  magna  malae  superest  audacia  causae, 
creditur  a  multis  fiducia.     mimum  agit  ille,  110 


84  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

urbani  qualem  fugitivus  scurra  Catulli ; 
tu  miser  exclamas,  ut  Stentora  vincere  possis, 
vel  potius  quantum  Gradivus  Homericus  :  '  audis, 
Juppiter,  haec,  nee  labra  moves,  cum  mittere  vocem 
debueris  vel  marmoreus  vel  aeneus?  aut  cur  115 

in  carbone  tuo  charta  pia  tura  soluta 
ponimus  et  sectum  vituli  jecur  albaque  porci 
omenta  ?  ut  video,  nullum  discrimen  habendum  est 
effigies  inter  vestras  statuamque  Vagelli.'  -^  *  -' 

Accipe,  quae  contra  valeat  solacia  ferre  120 

et  qui  nee  cynicos  nee  stoica  dogmata  legit 
a  cynicis  tunica  distantia,  non  Epicurum 
suspicit  exigui  laetum  plantaribus  horti. 
curentur  dubii  medicis  majoribus  aegri ; 
tu  venam  vel  discipulo  committe  Philippi.  125 

si  nullum  in  terris  tam  detestabile  factum 
ostendis,  taceo,  nee  pugnis  caedere  pectus 
te  veto,  nee  plana  faciem  contundere  palma, 
quandoquidem  accepto  claudenda  est  janua  damno, 
et  majore  domus  gemitu,  majore  tumultu  130 

planguntur  nummi  quam  funera.     nemo  dolorem 
fingit  in  hoc  casu,  vestem  diducere  summam 
contentus,  vexare  oculos  umore  coacto : 
ploratur  lacrimis  amissa  pecunia  veris. 
sed  si  cuncta  vides  simili  fora  plena  querella,  135 

si  deciens  lectis  diversa  parte  tabellis 
vana  supervacui  dicunt  chirographa  ligni, 
arguit  ipsorum  quos  littera  gemmaque  princeps 


SATVRA    XIII.  85 

sardonychum,  loculis  quae  custoditur  eburnis : 

ten*  (o  delicias !)  extra  communia  censes  140 

ponendum,  quia  tu  gallinae  filius  albae, 

nos  viles  pulli  nati  infelicibus  ovis  ? 

rem  pateris  modicam  et  mediocri  bile  ferendam, 

si  flectas  oeulos  niajora  ad  crimina.     confer 

conductum  latronem,  incendia  sulpure  coepta        /     145 

atque  dolo,  priraos  cum  janua  colligit  ignes ; 

confer  et  hos,  veteris  qui  tollunt  grandia  templi 

pocula  adorandae  robiginis  et  populorum 

dona  vel  antiquo  positas  a  rege  coronas. 

haec  ibi  si  non  sunt,  minor  exstat  sacrilegus,  qui         150 

radat  inaurati  femur  Herculis  et  faciem  ipsam 

Neptuni,  qui  bratteolamkje  Castore  ducat ; 

an  dubitet?  solituwis£  totum  conflare  tonantem. 

confer  et  artifices  mercatoremque  veneni 

et  deducendum  corio  bovis  in  mare,  cum  quo  155 

clauditur  adversis  innoxia  simia  fatis. 

haec  quota  jmrs  scelerum,  quae  custos  Gallicus  urbis 

usque  a  lucifero  donee  lux  occidat  audit  ? 

humani  generis  mores  tibi  nosse  volenti       cA-dt"  t 

sufficit  una  domus  ;  paucos  consume  dies,  et  160 

dicere  te  miserum,  postquam  illinc  veneris,  aude. 

quis  tumidum  guttur  miratur  in  Alpibus  ?  aut  quis 

in  Meroe  crasso  majorem  infante  mamillam  ? 

caerula  quis  stupuit  Germani  lumina,  flavam 

caesariem  et  madido  torquentem  cornua  cirro  ?  165 

nerape  quod  haec  illis  natura  est  omnibus  una. 

H 


86  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

ad  subitas  Thracum  volucres  nubemque  sonoram 
Pygmaeus  parvis  currit  bellator  in  armis, 
mox  irapar  hosti  raptusque  per  aera  curvis 
unguibus  a  saeva  fertur  grue.     si  videas  hoc  170 

gentibus  in  nostris,  risu  quatiare ;  sed  illic, 
quamquam  eadem  assidue  spectentur  proelia,  ridet 
nemo,  ubi  tota  cobors  pede  non  est  altior  uno. 
Nullane  perjuri  capitis  fraudisque  nefandae 
poena  erit?  —  abreptum  crede  hunc  graviore  catena  175 
protinus  et  nostro  —  quid  plus  velit  ira  ?  —  necari 
arbitrio ;  manet  ilia  tanien  jactura,  nee  umquam 
depositum  tibi  sospes  erit,  sed  corpore  trunco 
invidiosa  dabit  minimus  solacia  sanguis. 
1  at  vindicta  bonum  vita  jucundius  ipsa.'  180 

nempe  hoc  indocti,  quorum  praecordia  nullis 
interdum  aut  levibus  videas  flagrantia  causis : 
[quantulacumque  adeo  est  occasio,  sufficit  irae.] 
Chrysippus  non  dicet  idem  nee  mite  Thaletis 
ingenium  dulcique  senex  vicinus  Hymetto,  185 

qui  partem  acceptae  saeva  inter  vincla  cicutae 
accusatori  nollet  dare,     [plurima  felix 
paulatim  vitia  atque  errores  exuit  omnes, 
prima  docet  rectum  sapientia.]    jjuippe  minuti 
semper  et  ihfirmi  est  animi  exiguique  voluptas  190 

ultio :  continuo  sic  collige,  quod  vindicta 
nemo  magis  gaudet  quam  femina.     cur  tamen  hos  tu 
evasisse  putes,  quos  difi  conscia  facti 
mens  habet  attonitos  et  surdo  verbere  caedit. 


SATVRA    XIII.  87 

occultum  quatiente  animo  tortore  flagellum  ?  195 

poena  autem  vehemens  ac  multo  saevior  illis, 

quas  et  Caedicius  gravis  invenit  et  Rkadamanthus, 

nocte  dieque  suum  gestare  in  pectore  testem. 

Spartano  cuidam  respondit  Pythia  vates, 

haut  impunitum  quondam  fore,  quod  dubitaret  200 

depositum  retinere  et  fraudem  jure  tueri 

jurando.     quaerebat  enim,  quae  numinis  esset 

mens,  et  an  hoQJlli  facinus  suaderet  Apollo  ? 

reddidit  ergo  metu,  non  moribus ;  et  tamen  omnem 

vocem  adyti  dignam  templo  veramque  probavit,         205 

extinCtus  tota  pariter  cum  prole  domoque 

et  quamvis'Ton^a^aecluctis  genrepropinquis. 

has  patitur  poenas  peccandi  sola  voluntas. 

nam  scelus  intra  se  taciturn  qui  cogitat  ullum, 

facti  crimen  habet :  cedo,  si  conata  peregit  ?  210 

perpetua  anxietas  nee  mensae  tempore  cessat, 

faucibus  ut  morbo  siccis  interque  molares 

difficili  crescente  cibo ;  Setina  misellus 

expuit,  Albani  veteris  pretiosa  senectus 

displicet ;  ostendas  melius,  densissima  ruga  215 

cogitur  in  frontera,  velut  acri  ducta  Falerno. 

nocte  brevem  si  forte  indulsit  cura  soporem 

et  to  to  versata  toro  jam  membra  quiescunt,    . 

continuo  templum  et  violati  numinis  aras 

et,  quod  praecipuis  mentem  sudoribus  urguet,  220 

te  videt  in  somnis ;  tua  sacra  et  major  imago 

humana  turbat  pavidum  cogitque  fateri. 


88  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

hi  sunt,  qui  trepidant  et  ad  omnia  fulgura  pallent, 

cum  tonat,  exanimes  primo  quoque  murmure  caeli ; 

non  quasi  fortuitus  nee  ventorum  rabie,  se4^_  225 

iratus  cadat  in  terras  et  vinmcetignis. 

ilia  nihil  nocuit,  cura  graviore  timetur 

proxima  tempestas,  velut  hoc  dilata  sereno. 

praeterea  lateris  vigili  cum  febre  dolorem 

si  coepere  pati,  missum  ad  sua  corpora  morbum  230 

infesto  credunt  a  numine ;  saxa  deorum 

haec  et  tela  putant.     pecudem  spondere  sacello 

balantem  et  Laribus  cristam  promittere  galli 

non  audent ;  quid  enim  sperare  nocentibus  aegris 

concessum  ?  vel  quae  non  dignior  hostia  vita  ?  235 

mobilis  et  varia  est  ferme  natura  malorum. 

cum  scelus  admittunt,  superest  constantia ;  quid  fas 

atque  nefas,  tandem  incipiunt  sentire  peractis 

criminibus.     tamen  ad  mores  natura  recurrit 

damnatos,  fixa  et  mutari  nescia      nam  quis  240 

peccandi  finem  posuit  sibi  ?  quando  recepit 

ejectum  semel  attrita  de  fronte  ruborem  ? 

quisnam  hominum  est,  quern  tu  contentum  videris  uno 

flagitio  ?  dabit  in  laqueum  vestigia  noster 

perfidus,  et  nigri  patietur  carceris  uncum,  245 

aut  maris  Aegaei  rupem  scopulosque  frequentes 

exulibus  magnis.     poena  gaudebis  amara 

nominis  invisi,  tandemque  fatebere  laetus 

nee  surdum  nee  Tiresian  quemquam  esse  deorum. 


SATVRA    XIV.  89 


XIV. 

Plurima  sunt,  Fuscine,  et  fama  digna  sinistra 

et  nitidis  maculam  haesuram  figentia  rebus, 

quae  monstrant  ipsi  pueris  traduntque  parentes. 

si  damnosa  senem  juvat  alea,  ludit  et  heres 

bullatus  parvoque  eadem  raovet  arma  fritillo.  5 

nee  melius  de  se  cuiquara  sperare  propinquo 

concedet  juvenis,  qui  radere  tubera  terrae, 

boletum  condire  et  eodem  jure  natantis 

mergere  ficellas  didicit,  nebulone  parente 

et  cana  monstrante  gula.     cum  septimus  annus  10 

transient  puerum,  nondum  omni  dente  renato, 

barbatos  licet  admoveas  mille  inde  magistros, 

hinc  totidem,  cupiet  lauto  cenare  paratu 

semper  et  a  magna  non  degenerare  culina. 

mitem  animum  et  mores  modicis  erroribus  aequos         15 

praecipit,  atque  animas  servorum  et  corpora  nostra 

materia  constare  putat  paribusque  elementis, 

an  saevire  docet  Rutilus,  qui  gaudet  acerbo 

plagarum  strepitu  et  nullam  Sirena  flagellis 

couparat,  Antiphates  trepidi  laris  ac  Polyphemus,        20 

tunc  felix,  quotiens  aliquis  tortore  vocato 

uritur  ardeuti  duo  propter  lintea  ferro? 

quid  suadet  juveni  laetus  stridore  catenae, 

quern  mire  afficiunt  inscripta  ergastula,  career  ?  24 

sic  natura  jubet:  velocius  et  citius  nos  31 

corrumpunt  vitiorum  exempla  domestica,  magnis 

H2 


90  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

cum  subeant  animos  auctoribus.     unus  et  alter 

forsitan  haec  spernant  juvenes,  quibus  arte  benigna 

et  meliore  luto  finxit  praecordia  Titan  ;  35 

sed  reliquos  fugienda  patrum  vestigia  ducunt 

et  moustrata  diu  veteris  trahit  orbita  culpae. 

abstineas  igitur  damnandis.     hujus  enim  vel 

una  potens  ratio  est,  ne  crimina  nostra  sequantur 

ex  nobis  geniti,  quoniam  dociles  imitandis  40 

turpibus  ac  pravis  omnes  sumus,  et  Catilinam 

quocumque  in  populo  videas,  quocumque  sub  axe, 

sed  nee  Brutus  erit,  Bruti  nee  avunculus  usquam. 

nil  dictu  foedum  visuque  haec  limina  tangat, 

intra  quae  pater  est.     procul,  a  procul  inde  puellae     45 

lenonum  et  cantus  pernoctantis  parasiti ! 

maxima  debetur  puero  reverentia.     si  quid 

turpe  paras,  ne  tu  pueri  contempseris  annos, 

sed  peccaturo  obstet  tibi  fi]ius  infans. 

nam  si  quid  dignum  censoris  fecerit  ira  50 

quandoque  et  similem  tibi  se  non  corpore  tantum 

nee  vultu  dederit,  morum  quoque  filius  et  qui 

omnia  deterius  tua  per  vestigia  peccet, 

corripies  nimirum  et  castigabis  acerbo 

clamore  ac  post  haec  tabulas  mutare  parabis.  55 

unde  tibi  frontem  libertatemque  parentis, 

cum  facias  pejora  sen  ex,  vacuumque  cerebro 

jam  pridem  caput  hoc  ventosa  cucurbita  quaerat? 

Hospite  venturo  cessabit  nemo  tuorum. 
'  verre  pavimentum,  nitidas  ostende  columnas,  60 


SATVRA    XIV.  91 

iSraa  cum  tota  descendat  aranea  tela, 

hie  leve  argentum,  vasa  aspera  tergeat  alter ! ' 

vox  doniiui  furit  instantis  virgamque  tenentis. 

ergo  raiser  trepidas,  ne  stercore  foeda  canino 

atria  displiceant  oculis  venientis  amici,  65 

ne  perfusa  luto  sit  porticus  ;  et  tamen  uno 

semodio  scobis  haec  emendat  servulus  unus : 

illud  non  agitas,  ut  sanctam  filius  omni 

aspiciat  sine  labe  doraum  vitioque  carentem  ? 

gratum  est  quod  patriae  civem  populoque  dedisti,         70 

si  facis  ut  patriae  sit  i(}pfreus,  utilis  agris, 

utilis  et  bellorum  et  pacis  rebus  agendis. 

plurimum  enim   intererit,  quibus  artibus  et  quibus 

hunc  tu 
moribus  instituas.     serpen te  ciconia  pullos 
nutrit  et  inventa  per  devia  rura  lacerta :  75 

ill!  eadem  sumptis  quaerunt  animalia  pinnis. 
vultur  jumento  et  canibus  crueibusque  relictis 
ad  fetus  properat  partemque  cadaveris  adfert : 
hie  est  ergo  cibus  magni  quoque  vulturis  fit  se 
pascentis,  propria  cum  jam  facit  arbore  nidos.  80 

sed  leporem  aut  capream  famulae  Jovis  et  generosae 
in  saltu  venantur  aves,  hinc  praeda  cubili 
ponitur:  inde  autem  cum  se^maturajevavit  -/lASti/dt^  WUtf 
progenies,  stimulante  fame  festinat  ad  illam, 
quam  prirauin  praedam  rupto  gustaverat  ovo.  85 

Aedificator  erat  Cretonius,  et  modo  curvo    \ 
litore  Caietae,  surama  nunc  Tiburis  arce, 


92  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

nunc  Praenestinis  in  montibus  alta  parabat 

culmina  villarum  Graecis  longeque  petitis 

marmoribus,  vincens  Fortunae  atque  Herculis  aedem,    90 

ut  spado  vincebat  Capitolia  nostra  Posides. 

dum  sic  ergo  habitat  Cretonius,  inminuit  rem, 

fregit  opes ;  nee  parva  tamen  mensura  relictae 

partis  erat :  totam  hanc  turbavit  filius  amens, 

dum  meliore  novas  attollit  marmore  villas.  95 

Quidam  sortiti  metuentem  sabbata  patrem 
nil  praeter  nubes  et  caeli  numen  adorant, 
nee  distare  putant  humana  carne  suillam, 
qua  pater  abstinuit ;  mox  et  praeputia  ponunt 
Romanas  autem  soliti  contemnere  leges  100 

Judaicum  ediscunt  et  servant  ac  metuunt  jus, 
tradidit  arcano  quodcumque  volumine  Moyses, 
non  monstrare  vias  eadem  nisi  sacra  colenti, 
quaesitum  ad  fontem  solos  deducere  verpos. 
sed  pater  in  causa,  cui  septima  quaeque  fuit  lux  105 

ignava  et  partem  vitae  non  attigit  ullam. 

Sponte  tamen  juvenes  imitantur  cetera,  solam 
inviti  quoque  avaritiam  exercere  jubentur. 
fallit  enim  vitium  specie  virtutis  et  umbra, 
cum  sit  triste  habitu  vultuque  et  veste  severum,         110 
nee  dubie  tamquam  frugi  laudetur  avarus, 
tamquam  parcus  homo  et  rerum  tutela  suarum 
certa  magis  quam  si  fortunas  servet  easdem 
Hesperidum  serpens  aut  Ponticus.   adde  quod  hunc,  de 
quo  loquor,  egregium  populus  putat  adquirendi  115 


SATVRA    XIV.  93 

artificem  ;  quippe  his  crescunt  patrimonia  fabris, 

sed  crescunt  quocumque  modo,  majoraque  fiunt 

incude  assidua  semperque  ardente  camino. 

et  pater  ergo  animi  felices  credit  avaros, 

qui  miratur  opes,  qui  nulla  exempla  beati  120 

pauperis  esse  putat ;  juvenes  hortatur  ut  illam 

ire  viam  pergant  et  eidem  incuinbere  sectae. 

sunt  quaedam  vitiorum  elementa :  his  protinus  illos 

inbuit  et  cogit  minimas  ediscere  sordes, 

[mox  adquirendi  docet  insatiabile  votum.]  125 

servorum  ventres  raodio  castigat  iniquo, 

ipse  quoque  esuriens;  neque  enim  omnia  sustinet 

umquam 
mucida  caerulei  panis  consumere  frusta, 
hesternum  solitus  medio  servare  minutal 
Septembri,  nee  non  differre  in  tempora  cenae  130 

alterius  conchem  aestivi  cum  parte  lacerti 
signatam  vel  dimidio  putrique  siluro, 
filaque  sectivi  numerata  includere  porri : 
invitatus  ad  haec  aliquis  de  ponte  negabit. 
sed  quo  divitias  haec  per  tormenta  coactas,  135 

cum  furor  haut  dubius,  cum  sit  manifesta  phrenesis, 
ut  locuples  moriaris,  egentis  vivere  fato  ? 
interea  pleno  cum  turget  sacculus  ore, 
crescit  amor  nummi,  quantum  ipsa  pecunia  crevit, 
et  minus  hanc  optat  qui  non  habet.     ergo  paratur      140 
altera  villa  tibi,  cum  rus  non  sufficit  unum, 
et  proferre  libet  fines,  majorque  videtur 


94  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

et  melior  vicina  seges :  mercaris  et  hanc  et 
arbusta  et  densa  montem  qui  canet  oliva. 
quorum  si  pretio  dominus  non  vincitur  ullo,  145 

uocte  boves  macri  lassoque  famelica  collo 
jumenta  ad  virides  hujus  mittentur  aristas, 
nee  prius  inde  domum  quam  tota  novaKa'sa^vM*^ 
in  ventres  abeant,  ut  credas  falcibus  actum, 
dieere  vix  possis  quam  multi  talia  plorent,  150 

et  quot  venales  injuria  fecerit  agros. 
sed  qui  sermones,  quam  foedae  bucina  famae ! 
4  quid  nocet  haec  ? '  inquit, '  tunicam  mihi  malo  lupini, 
quam  si  me  toto  laudet  vicinia  page- 
exigui  ruris  paucissima  farra  secantem.'  155 

scilicet  et  morbis  et  debilitate  carebis, 
et  luctum  et  curam  effugies,  et  tempora  vitae 
longa  tibi  posthac  fato  meliore  dabuntur, 
si  tantum  culti  solus  possederis  agri, 
quantum  sub  Tatio  populus  Romanus  arabat.  160 

mox  etiam  fractis  aetate  ac  Punica  passis 
proelia  vel  Pyrrum  inmanem  gladiosque  Molossos 
tandem  pro  multis  vix  jugera  bina  dabantur 
vulneribus.     merces  haec  sanguinis  atque  laboris 
null  is  visa  umquam  meritis  minor  aut  ingratae  165 

curta  fides  patriae,     saturabat  glebula  talis 
patrem  ipsum  turbamque  casae,  qua  feta  jacebat 
uxor  et  infantes  ludebant  quattuor,  unus 
vernula,  tres  domini ;  sed  magnis  fratribus  horum 
a  scrobe  vel  sulco  redeuntibus  altera  cena  170 


SATVRA    XIV.  95 

amplior  et  grandes  funiabant  pultibus  ollae : 

nunc  modus  hie  agri  nostro  non  sufficit  horto. 

inde  fere  scelerum  causae ;  nee  plura  venena 

miscuit  aut  ferro  grassatur  saepius  ullum 

humanae  mentis  vitium  quam  saeva  cupido  175 

inmodici  census,     nam  dives  qui  fieri  vult, 

et  cito  vult  fieri :  sed  quae  reverentia  legum, 

quis  metus  aut  pudor  est  umquam  properantis  avari  ? 

1  vivite  contenti  casulis  et  collibus  istis, 

o  pueri ! '    Marsus  dicebat  et  Hernicus  olim  180 

Vestinusque  senex  ;  '  panem  quaeramus  aratro, 

qui  satis  est  mensis :  laudant  hoc  numina  ruris, 

quorum  ope  et  auxilio  gratae  post  munus  aristae 

contingunt  homini  veteris  fastidia  quercus. 

nil  vetitum  fecisse  volet,  quem  non  pudet  alto  185 

per  glaciem  perone  tegi,  qui  summovet  euros 

pellibus  inversis;  peregrina  ignotaque  nobis 

ad  scelus  atque  nefas,  quaecumque  est,  purpura  ducit.' 

haec  illi  veteres  praecepta  minoribus  :  at  nunc 

post  finem  autumni  media  de  nocte  supinum  190 

clamosus  juvenem  pater  excitat :  '  accipe  ceras, 

scribe,  puer,  vigila,  causas  age,  perlege  rubras 

majorum  leges  aut  vitem  posce  libello. 

sed  caput  intactum  buxo  naresque  pilosas 

adnotet  et  grandes  miretur  Laelius  alas.  195 

dirue  Maurorum  attegias,  castella  Brigantum, 

ut  locupletem  aquilam  tibi  sexagensimus  annus 

adferat ;  aut,  lougos  castroruin  ferre  labores 


96  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

si  piget  et  trepidum  solvunt  tibi  cornua  ventrem 

cum  lituis  audita,  pares  quod  vendere  possis  200 

pluris  dimidio,  nee  te  fastidia  mercis 

ullius  subeant  ablegandae  Tiberim  ultra, 

neu  credas  ponendum  aliquid  discriminis  inter 

unguenta  et  corium  :  lucri  bonus  est  odor  ex  re 

qualibet.     ilia  tuo  sententia  semper  in  ore  205 

versetur,  dis  atque  ipso  Jove  digna  poeta, 

"  unde  habeas,  quaerit  nemo,  sed  oportet  habere."  ' 

hoc  monstrant  vetulae  pueris  repentibus  assae, 

hoc  discunt  omnes  ante  alpha  et  beta  puellae ! 

talibus  instantem  monitis  quemcumque  parentem       210 

sic  possem  adfari :  '  die,  o  vanissime,  quis  te 

festinare  jubet?  meliorem  praesto  magistro 

discipulum.     securus  abi,  vinceris,  ut  Ajax 

praeteriit  Telamonem,  ut  Pelea  vicit  Achilles. 

parcendum  est  teneris :  nondum  implevere  medullas  215 

maturae  mala  nequitiae :  ast  cum  pectere  barbam 

coeperit  et  longi  mucronem  admittere  cultri, 

falsus  erit  testis,  vendet  perjuria  summa 

exigua  et  Cereris  tangens  aramque  pedemque. 

elatam  jam  crede  nurum,  si  limina  vestra  220 

mortifera  cum  dote  subit.     quibus  ilia  premetur 

per  somnum  digitis !  nam  quae  terraque  marique 

adquirenda  putas,  brevior  via  conferet  illi ; 

nullus  enim  magni  sceleris  labor.   "  haec  ego  numquam 

mandavi,"  dices  olim,  "  nee  talia  suasi."  225 

mentis  causa  malae  tamen  est  et  origo  penes  te. 


SATVRA    XIV.  97 

nam  quisquis  magni  census  praecepit  amorem, 
et Taevo^nonitu  pueros  producit  avaros, 
[et  qui  per  fraudes  patrimonia  conduplicare,] 
dat  libertatem  et  totas  effundit  habenas  230 

curriculo ;  quem  si  revoces,  subsistere  nescit 
et  te  contempto  rapitur  metisque  relictis. 
nemo  satis  credit  tantum  delinquere,  quantum 
permittas ;  adeo  indulgent  sibi  latius  ipsi. 
cum  dicis  juveni  stultum,  qui  donet  amico,  235 

qui  paupertatem  levet  attollatque  propinqui, 
et  spoliare  doces  et  circumscribere  et  omni 
crimine  divitias  adquirere,  quarum  amor  in  te 
quantus  erat  patriae  Deciorum  in  pectore,  quantum 
dilexit  Thebas,  si  Graecia  vera,  Menoeceus ;  240 

in  quorum  sulcis  legiones  dentibus  anguis 
cum  clipeis  nascuntur  et  horrida  bella  capessunt 
continuo,  tamquam  et  tubicen  surrexerit  una. 
ergo  ignem,  cujus  scintillas  ipse  dedisti, 
flagrantem  late  et  rapientem  cuncta  videbis ;  245 

nee  tibi  parcetur  misero,  trepidumque  magistrum 
in  cavea  magno  fremitu  leo  toilet  alumnus, 
nota  mathematicis  genesis  tua ;  sed  grave  tardas 
exspectare  colus :  morieris  stamine  nondum 
abrupto.    jam  nunc  obstas  et  vota  moraris,  250 

jam  torquet  juvenem  longa  et  cervina  senectus. 
ocius  Archigenen  quaere  atque  erne  quod  Mithridates 
composuit,  si  vis  aliam  decerpere  ficum 
atque  alias  tractare  rosas.     medicamen  habendum  est, 
7  —  Juv.  I 


98  D.  IVNII    IVVENALI8 

sorbere  ante  cibum  quod  debeat  et  pater  et  rex/         255 

Monstro  voluptatem  egregiam,  cui  nulla  theatra, 
nulla  aequare  queas  praetoris  pulpita  lauti, 
si  spectes  quanto  capitis  discrimine  constent 
incrementa  domus,  aerata  multus  in  area 
fiscus  et  ad  vigilem  ponendi  Castora  nurami,  260 

ex  quo  Mars  ultor  galeam  quoque  perdidit  et  res 
non  potuit  servare  suas.     ergo  omnia  Florae 
et  Cereris  licet  et  Cybeles  aulaea  relinquas ; 
tan  to  majores  humana  negotia  ludi. 
an  magis  oblectant  animum  j  aetata  petauro  265 

corpora  quique  solet  rectum  descendere  funem, 
quam  tu,  Corycia  semper  qui  puppe  moraris 
atque  habitas,  coro  semper  tollendus  et  austro, 
perditus  ac  vilis  sacci  mercator  olentis, 
qui  gaudes  pingue  antiquae  de  litore  Cretae  270 

passum  et  municipes  Jovis  advexisse  lagonas  ? 
hie  tamen  ancipiti  figens  vestigia  planta 
victum  ilia  mercede  parat  brumamque  famemque 
ilia  reste  cavet ;  tu  propter  mille  talenta 
et  centum  villas  temerarius.     aspice  portus  275 

et  plenum  maguis  trabibus  mare ;   plus  hominum 

est  jam 
in  pelago  ;  veniet  classis,  quocumque  vocarit 
spes  lucri,  nee  Carpathium  Gaetulaque  tantum 
aequora  transiliet,  sed  longe  Calpe  relicta 
audiet  Herculeo  stridentem  gurgite  solem.  280 

grande  operae  pretium  est,  ut  tenso  folle  reverti 


SATVRA    XIV.  99 

inde  doraum  possis  tumidaque  superbus  aluta, 

Oceani  monstra  et  juvenes  vidisse  marinos. 

non  unus  mentes  agitat  furor,     ille  sororis 

in  raanibus  vultu  Eumenidum  terretur  et  igni,  285 

hie  bove  percusso  mugire  Agamemnona  credit 

aut  Ithacum.     parcat  tunicis  licet  atque  lacernis, 

curatoris  eget  qui  navem  mercibus  implet 

ad  sumraum  latus  et  tabula  distinguitur  unda, 

cum  sit  causa  niali  tanti  et  discriminis  hujus  290 

concisum  argentum  in  titulos  faciesque  minutas. 

occurrunt  nubes  et  fulgura,  '  solvite  funem/ 

frumenti  dominus  clamat  piperisve  coempti, 

1  nil  color  hie  caeli,  nil  fascia  nigra  minatur ; 

aestivum  tonat.'     infelix  hac  forsitan  ipsa  295 

nocte  cadit  fractis  trabibus,  fluctuque  premetur 

obrutus  et  zonam  laeva  morsuque  tenebit. 

sed  cujus  votis  modo  non  suffecerat  aurum, 

quod  Tagus  et  rutila  volvit  Pactolus  harena, 

frigida  sufficient  velantes  inguina  panni  300 

exiguusque  cibus,  mersa  rate  naufragus  assem 

dura  rogat  et  picta  se  tempestate  tuetur 

Tantis  parta  malis  cura  majore  metuque 
servantur.     misera  est  magni  custodia  census, 
dispositis  praedives  amis  vigilare  cohortem  305 

servorura  noctu  Licinus  jubet,  attonitus  pro 
electro  signisque  suis  Phrygiaque  columna 
atque  ebore  et  lata  testudine.     dolia  nudi 
non  ardent  cynici ;  si  fregeris,  altera  fiet 


100  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

eras  domus,  atque  eadem  plumbo  commissa  manebit.  310 

sensit  Alexander,  testa  cum  vidit  in  ilia 

magnum  habitatorem,  quanto  felicior  hie,  qui 

nil  cuperet,  quam  qui  totum  sibi  posceret  orbem, 

passurus  gestis  aequanda  pericula  rebus. 

nullum  numen  habes,  si  sit  prudentia ;  nos  te,  315 

nos  facimus,  Fortuna,  deam.     mensura  tamen  quae 

sufficiat  census,  si  quis  me  consulat,  edam : 

in  quantum  sitis  atque  fames  et  frigora  poscunt, 

quantum,  Epicure,  tibi  parvis  suffecit  in  hortis, 

quantum  Socratici  ceperunt  ante  penates.  320 

numquam  aliut  natura,  aliut  sapientia  dicit. 

acribus  exemplis  videor  te  cludere  ?  misce 

ergo  aliquid  nostris  de  moribus,  effice  summam, 

bis  septem  ordinibus  quam  lex  dignatur  Othonis. 

haec  quoque  si  rugam  trahit  extenditque  labellum,     325 

sume  duos  equites,  fac  tertia  quadringenta. 

si  nondum  inplevi  gremium,  si  panditur  ultra, 

nee  Croesi  fortuna  umquam  nee  Persica  regna 

sufficient  animo  nee  divitiae  Narcissi, 

indulsit  Caesar  cui  Claudius  omnia,  cujus  330 

paruit  imperiis  uxorem  occidere  jussus. 

XV. 

Quis  nescit,  Volusi  Bithynice,  qualia  demens 
Aegyptus  portenta  colat  ?  crocodilon  adorat 
pars  haec,  ilia  pavet  saturam  serpentibus  ibin. 
effigies  sacri  nitet  aurea  cercopitheci, 


SATVRA    XV.  101 

dimidio  magicae  resonant  ubi  Memnone  chordae  5 

atque  vetus  Thebe  centum  jacet  obruta  portis. 

illic  aeluros,  Lie  piscem  fluminis,  illic 

oppida  tota  canem  venerantur,  nemo  Dianam. 

porrum  et  cepe  nefas  violare  et  frangere  morsu : 

o  sanctas  gentes,  quibus  haec  nascuntur  in  hortis  10 

numina !  lanatis  animalibus  abstinet  omnis 

mensa,  nefas  illic  fetum  jugulare  capellae : 

carnibus  humanis  vesci  licet,     attonito  cum 

tale  super  cenam  facinus  narraret  Ulixes 

Alcinoo,  bilem  aut  risum  fortasse  quibusdam  15 

moverat,  ut  mendax  aretalogus.     '  in  mare  nemo 

hunc  abicit  saeva  dignum  veraque  Charybdi, 

fingentem  inmanis  Laestrygonas  atque  Cyclopas? 

nam  citius  Scyllam  vel  concurrentia  saxa 

Cyaneis,  plenos  et  tempestatibus  utres  20 

crediderim,  aut  tenui  percussum  verbere  Circes 

et  cum  remigibus  grunnisse  Elpenora  porcis. 

tam  vacui  capitis  populum  Phaeaca  putavit  ? ' 

sic  aliquis  merito  nondum  ebrius  et  minimum  qui 

de  Corcyraea  temetum  duxerat  urna ;  25 

solus  enim  haec  Ithacus  nullo  sub  teste  canebat. 

nos  miranda  quidem,  set  nuper  consule  Junco 

gesta  super  calidae  referemus  moenia  Copti, 

nos  volgi  scelus  et  cunctis  graviora  cothurnis ; 

nam  scelus,  a  Pyrra  quamquam  omnia  syrmata  volvas,  30 

nullus  aput  tragicos  populus  facit.     accipe  nostro 

dira  quod  exemplum  feritas  produxerit  aevo. 

12 


102  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

Inter  finitimos  vetus  atque  antiqua  simultas, 
inmortale  odium  et  numquam  sanabile  vulnus 
ardet  ad  hue,  Ombos  et  Tentyra.     summus  utrimque    35 
inde  furor  vulgo,  quod  numina  vicinorura 
odit  uterque  locus,  cum  solos  credat  habendos 
esse  deos,  quos  ipse  colit.     set  tempore  festo 
alterius  populi  rapienda  occasio  cunctis 
visa  inimicorum  primoribus  ac  ducibus,  ne  40 

laetum  hilaremque  diem,  ne  magnae  gaudia  cenae 
sentirent,  positis  ad  templa  et  compita  mensis 
pervigilique  toro,  quern  nocte  ac  luce  jacentem 
Septimus  interdum  sol  invenit.     (horrida  sane 
Aegyptos,  sed  luxuria,  quantum  ipse  notavi,  45 

barbara  famoso  non  cedit  turba  Canopo.) 
adde  quod  et  facilis  victoria  de  madidis  et 
blaesis  atque  mero  titubantibus.     inde  virorum. 
saltatus  nigro  tibicine,  qualiacumque 
unguenta  et  flores  multaeque  in  fronte  coronae ;  50 

hinc  jejunum  odium,     sed  jurgia  prima  sonare 
incipiunt  animis  ardentibus,  haec  tuba  rixae. 
dein  clamore  pari  concurritur,  et  vice  teli 
saevit  nuda  manus.     paucae  sine  vulnere  malae, 
vix  cuiquam  aut  nulli  toto  certamine  nasus  55 

integer ;  aspiceres  jam  cuncta  per  agmina  vultus 
dimidios,  alias  facies  et  hiantia  ruptis 
ossa  genis,  plenos  oculorum  sanguine  pugnos. 
ludere  se  credunt  ipsi  tamen  et  pueriles 
exercere  acies,  quod  nulla  cadavera  calcent :  60 


SATVRA    XV.  103 

et  sane  quo  tot  rixantis  milia  turbae, 

si  vivunt  oraues  ?  ergo  acrior  impetus,  et  jam 

saxa  inclinatis  per  humum  quaesita  lacertis 

incipiuut  torquere,  domestica  seditioni 

tela,  nee  hunc  lapidem  qualis  et  Turnus  et  Ajax,  65 

vel  quo  Tydides  percussit  pondere  coxam 

Aeneae,  sed  quern  valeant  emittere  dextrae 

illis  dissimiles  et  nostro  tempore  natae. 

nam  genus  hoc  vivo  jam  decrescebat  Homero ; 

terra  malos  homines  nunc  educat  atque  pusillos.  70 

ergo  deus,  quicumque  aspexit,  ridet  et  odit. 

A  deverticulo  repetatur  fabula.     postquam, 
subsidiis  aucti,  pars  altera  promere  ferrum 
audet  et  infestis  pugnam  instaurare  sagittis : 
terga  fuga  celeri  praestant  instantibus  Ombis  75 

qui  vicina  colunt  umbrosae  Tentyra  palmae. 
labitur  hinc  quidam  nimia  formidine  cursum 
praecipitans,  capiturque.     ast  ilium  in  plurima  sectum 
frusta  et  particulas,  ut  multis  mortuus  unus 
sufficeret,  totum  corrosis  ossibus  edit  80 

victrix  turba ;  nee  ardenti  decoxit  aeno 
aut  veribus ;  longum  usque  adeo  tardumque  putavit 
expectare  focos,  contenta  cadavere  crudo. 
hie  gaudere  libet,  quod  non  violaverit  ignem, 
quem  summa  caeli  raptum  de  parte  Prometheus  85 

donavit  terris  :  elemento  gratulor,  et  te 
exultare  reor.    sed  qui  mordere  cadaver 
sustinuit,  nil  umquam  hac  carne  libentius  edit. 


104  D.  IVNII    IVVENALIS 

nam  scelere  in  tanto  ne  quaeras  et  dubites  an 

prima  voluptatem  gula  senserit ;  ultimus  autem  90 

qui  stetit  absumpto  jam  toto  corpore,  ductis 

per  terram  digitis  aliquid  de  sanguine  gustat. 

Vascones,  haec  fama  est,  alimentis  talibus  olim 

produxere  animas :  sed  res  diversa,  sed  illic 

fortunae  invidia  est  bellorumque  ultima,  casus  95 

extremi,  longae  dira  obsidionis  egestas. 

[hujus  enim,  quod  nunc  agitur,  miserabile  debet 

exemplum  esse  cibi,  sicut  modo  dicta  mihi  gens] 

post  omnes  herbas,  post  cuncta  animalia,  quidquid 

cogebat  vacui  ventris  furor,  hostibus  ipsis  100 

pallorem  ac  maciem  et  tenues  miserantibus  artus, 

membra  aliena  fame  lacerabant,  esse  parati 

et  sua.     quisnam  hominum  veniam  dare  quisve  deorum 

ventribus  abnueret  dira  atque  inmania  passis, 

et  quibus  illorum  poterant  ignoscere  manes,  105 

quorum  corporibus  vescebantur  ?  melius  nos 

Zenonis  praecepta  monent ;  nee  enim  omnia,  quaedam 

pro  vita  facienda  putant :  sed  Cantaber  unde 

stoicus,  antiqui  praesertim  aetate  Metelli  ? 

nunc  totus  Graias  nostrasque  habet  orbis  Athenas,     110 

Gallia  causidicos  docuit  facunda  Britannos, 

de  conducendo  loquitur  jam  rhetore  Thyle. 

nobilis  ille  tamen  populus,  quern  diximus,  et  par 

virtute  atque  fide,  sed  major  clade,  Zagynthos, 

tale  quid  excusat :  Maeotide  saevior  ara  115 

Aegyptos.     quippe  ilia  nefandi  Taurica  sacri 


SATVRA    XV.  105 

inventrix  homines  (ut  jam  quae  carmina  tradunt 

digna  fide  credas)  tantum  immolat,  ulterius  nil 

aut  gravius  cultro  timet  hostia.     quis  modo  casus 

impulit  hos?  quae  tanta  fames  infestaque  vallo  120 

arma  coegerunt  tarn  detestabile  monstrum 

audere  ?  anne  aliam  terra  Memphitide  sicca 

invidiam  facerent  nolenti  surgere  Nilo  ? 

qua  nee  terribiles  Cimbri  nee  Britones  umquam 

Sauromataeque  truces  aut  immanes  Agathyrsi,  125 

hac  saevit  rabie  inbelle  et  inutile  vulgus, 

parvula  fictilibus  solitum  dare  vela  phaselis 

et  brevibus  pictae  remis  incumbere  testae. 

nee  poenam  sceleri  invenies,  nee  digna  parabis 

supplicia  his  populis,  in  quorum  mente  pares  sunt      130 

et  similes  ira  atque  fames,     mollissima  corda 

humano  generi  dare  se  natura  fatetur, 

quae  lacrimas  dedit ;  haec  nostri  pars  optima  sensus. 

plorare  ergo  jubet  causam  dicentis  amici 

squaloremque  rei,  pupillum  ad  jura  vocantem  135 

circumscriptorem,  cujus  manantia  fletu 

ora  puellares  faciunt  incerta  capilli. 

naturae  imperio  gemimus,  quum  funus  adultae 

virgiuis  occurrit  vel  terra  clauditur  infans 

et  minor  igne  rogi.     quis  enim  bonus  et  face  dignus  140 

arcana,  qualem  Cereris  vult  esse  sacerdos, 

ulla  aliena  sibi  credit  mala  ?  separat  hoc  nos 

a  grege  mutorum,  atque  ideo  venerabile  soli 

sortiti  ingenium  divinorumque  capaces 


106  D.  IVNII    IVVENALI8 

atque  exercendis  capiendisque  artibus  apti  145 

sensum  a  caelesti  demissum  traximus  arce, 

cujus  egent  prona  et  terram  spectantia.     mundi 

principio  indulsit  communis  conditor  illis 

tantum  animas,  nobis  animum  quoque,  mutuus  ut  nos 

adfectus  petere  auxilium  et  praestare  juberet,  150 

dispersos  trahere  in  populum,  migrare  vetusto 

de  nemore  et  proavis  habitatas  linquere  silvas, 

aedificare  domos,  laribus  conjungere  nostris 

tectum  aliud,  tutos  vicino  limine  somnos 

ut  conlata  daret  fiducia,  protegere  armis  155 

lapsum  aut  ingenti  nutantem  vulnere  civem, 

communi  dare  signa  tuba,  defendier  isdem 

turribus  atque  una  portarum  clave  teneri. 

sed  jam  serpen  turn  major  concordia.     parcit 

cognatis  maculis  similis  fera.     quando  leoni  *  160 

fortior  eripuit  vitam  leo  ?  quo  nemore  umquam 

exspiravit  aper  majoris  dentibus  apri  ? 

Indica  tigris  agit  rabida  cum  tigride  pacem 

perpetuam,  saevis  inter  se  convenit  ursis. 

ast  homini  ferrum  letale  incude  nefanda  165 

produxisse  parum  est,  cum  rastra  et  sarcula  tantum 

adsueti  coquere  et  marris  ac  vomere  lassi 

nescierint  primi  gladios  extendere  fabri. 

aspicimus  populos,  quorum  non  sufficit  irae 

occidisse  aliquem,  sed  pectora,  brachia,  vultum  170 

crediderint  genus  esse  cibi.     quid  diceret  ergo, 

vel  quo  non  fugeret,  si  nunc  haec  monstra  videret 


SATVRA    XVI.  107 

Pythagoras,  cunctis  auimalibus  abstinuit  qui 
tamquam  homine  et  ventri  indulsit  non  omne  legumen  ? 

XVI. 

Quis  numerare  queat  felicis  praemia,  Galli, 

militiae  ?  nam  si  subeuntur  prospera  castra, 

me  pavidum  excipiat  tironem  porta  secundo 

sidere.     plus  etenim  fati  valet  hora  benigni, 

quam  si  nos  Veneris  commendet  epistula  Marti  5 

et  Samia  genetrix  quae  delectatur  harena. 

Commoda  tractemus  priraum  communia,  quorum 
haut  minimum  illud  erit,  ne  te  pulsare  togatus 
audeat,  immo  etsi  pulsetur,  dissimulet,  nee 
audeat  excussos  praetori  ostendere  dentes,  10 

et  nigram  in  facie  tumidis  livoribus  offam, 
atque  oculura  medico  nil  promittente  relictum. 
Bardaicus  judex  datur  haec  punire  volenti 
calceus  et  grandes  magna  ad  subsellia  surae, 
legibus  antiquis  castrorum  et  more  Camilli  15 

servato,  miles  ne  vallum  litiget  extra 
et  procul  a  signis.     justissima  centurion um 
cognitio  est  igitur  de  milite,  nee  mihi  derit 
ultio,  si  justae  defertur  causa  querellae : 
tota  cohors  tamen  est  inimica,  omnesque  manipli  20 

consensu  magno  efficiunt,  curabilis  ut  sit 
vindicta  et  gravior  quam  injuria,     dignum  erit  ergo 
declamatoris  mulino  corde  Vagelli, 
cum  duo  crura  habeas,  offendere  tot  caligas,  tot 


108  D.  IVNII    IVVENALI8 

milia  clavorum.     quis  tarn  procul  absit  ab  urbe  25 

praeterea,  quis  tarn  Py lades,  molem  aggeris  ultra 

ut  veniat  ?  lacrimae  siccentur  protinus,  et  se 

excusaturos  non  sollicitemus  amicos. 

1  da  testem '  judex  cum  dixerit,  audeat  ille 

nescio  quis,  pugnos  qui  vidit,  dicere  '  vidi/  30 

et  credam  dignum  barba  dignumque  capillis 

majorum.     citius  falsum  producere  testem 

contra  paganum  possis,  quam  vera  loquentem    . 

contra  fortunam  armati  contraque  pudorem. 

Praemia  nunc  alia  atque  alia  emolumenta  notemus  35 
sacramentorum.     convallem  ruris  aviti 
improbus  aut  campum  mihi  si  vicinus  ademit, 
et  sacrum  effodit  medio  de  limite  saxum, 
quod  mea  cum  patulo  coluit  puis  aunua  libo, 
debitor  aut  sumptos  pergit  non  reddere  nummos,  40 

vana  supervacui  dicens  chirographa  ligni, 
expectandus  erit  qui  lites  inchoet  annus 
totius  populi.     sed  tunc  quoque  mille  ferenda 
taedia,  mille  morae :  totiens  subsellia  tantum 
sternuntur ;  jam  facundo  ponente  lacernas  45 

Caedicio  et  Fusco  jam  micturiente,  parati 
digredimur,  lentaque  fori  pugnamus  harena. 
ast  illis,  quos  arma  tegunt  et  balteus  ambit, 
quod  placitum  est  ipsis  praestatur  tempus  agendi, 
nee  res  atteritur  longo  sufflamine  litis.  50 

Solis  praeterea  testandi  militibus  jus 
vivo  patre  datur ;  nam  quae  sunt  parta  labore 


SATVRA    XVI.  109 

militiae,  placuit  non  esse  injcorpore  census, 
orane  tenet  cujus  regimen  pater,     ergo  Coranum 
signorum  comitem  castroruraque  aera  merentem  55 

quamvis  jam  tremulus  cap  tat  pater,  hunc  favor  aequus 
provehit  et  pulchro  reddit  sua  dona  labori. 
ipsius  certe  ducis  hoc  referre  videtur, 
ut,  qui  fortis  erit,  sit  felicissimus  idem, 
ut  laeti  phaleris  omnes  et  torquibus  omnes.  60 

K 


A.   PERSII  F LAC  CI 
SATVEA  V. 


&K< 


Vatibus  hie  mos  est,  centum  sibi  poscere  voces, 

centum  ora  et  linguas  optare  in  carmina  centum, 

fabula  seu  maesto  ponatur  hianda  tragoedo, 

vulnera  seu  Parthi  ducentis  ab  inguine  ferrum. 

'  Quorsum  haec  ?  aut  quantas  robusti  carminis  offas  5 

ingeris,  ut  par  sit  centeno  gutture  niti  ? 

grande  locuturi  nebulas  Helicone  legunto, 

si  quibus  aut  Prognes,  aut  si  quibus  olla  Thyestae 

fervebit,  saepe  insulso  cenanda  Glyconi ; 

tu  neque  anhelanti,  coquitur  dum  massa  camino,  10 

folle  premis  ventos,  nee  clauso  murmure  raucus 

nescio  quid  tecum  grave  cornicaris  inepte, 

nee  stloppo  tumidas  intendis  rumpere  buccas. 

verba  togae  sequeris,  junctura  callidus  acri, 

ore  teres  modico,  pallentis  radere  mores  15 

doctus,  et  ingenuo  culpam  defigere  ludo. 

hinc  trahe  quae  dicis>  mensasque  relinque  Mycenis 

cum  capite  et  pedibus,  plebeiaque  prandia  noris/ 

Non  equidem  hoc  studeo,  bullatis  ut  mihi  nugis 

110 


A.  PERSII    JLLACCrLSATvlM   V.  Ill 


pagina  turgescat,  dare  pondus  MO'flea  iumo.  20 

secreti  loquimur ;  tibi  nunc,  hortante  Caraena, 
excutienda  damus  praecordia,  quantaque  nostrae 
pars  tua  sit,  Cornute,  animae,  tibi,  dulcis  amice, 
ostendisse  juvat :  pulsa,  dinoscere  cautus, 
quid  solidura  crepet  et  pictae  tectoria  linguae.  25 

hie  ego  centenas  ausim  deposcere  voces, 
ut,  quantum  mihi  te  sinuoso  in  pectore  fixi, 
voce  traham  pura,  totumque  hoc  verba  resignent, 
quod  latet  arcana  non  enarrabile  fibra. 

Cum  primum  pavido  custos  mihi  purpura  cessit,       30 
bullaque  succinctis  Laribus  donata  pependit, 
cum  blandi  comites,  totaque  impune  Subura 
permisit  sparsisse  oculos  jam  candidus  umbo, 
cumque  iter  ambiguum  est,  et  vitae  nescius  error 
deducit  trepidas  ramosa  in  compita  mentes,  35 

me  tibi  supposui :  teneros  tu  suscipis  annos 
Socratico,  Cornute,  sinu  ;  turn  fallere  sollers 
adposita  intortos  extendit  regula  mores, 
et  premitur  ratione  animus,  vincique  laborat, 
artificemque  tuo  ducit  sub  pollice  vultum.  40 

tecum  eteuim  longos  memini  consumere  soles, 
et  tecum  primas  epulis  decerhere  noctes : 
u nu in  opus  et  requiem  pariter  disponimus  ambo, 
atque  verecunda  laxamus  seria  mensa. 
non  equidem  hoc  dubites,  amborum  foedere  certo         45 
consentire  dies  et  ab  uno  sidere  duci : 
nostra  vel  aequali  suspeudit  tempora  Libra 


112  A.   PERSII    FLACCI 

Parca  ten  ax  veri,  seu  nata  fidelibus  hora 
dividit  in  Geminos  concordia  fata  duorum, 
Saturnumque  gravem  nostro  Jove  frangimus  una  :        50 
nescio  quod,  certe  est,  quod  me  tibi  temperat  astrum. 

Mille  hominum  species,  et  rerum  discolor  usus ; 
velle  suum  cuique  est,  nee  voto  vivitur  uno. 
mercibus  hie  Italis  mutat  sub  sole  recenti 
rugosum  piper  et  pallentis  grana  cumini,  55 

hie  satur  inriguo  mavult  turgescere  somno, 
hie  campo  indulget,  hunc  alea  decoquit,  ille 
in  Venerem  putris ;  sed  cum  lapidosa  cheragra 
fregerit  articulos,  veteris  ramalia  fagi, 
tunc  crassos  transisse  dies,  lucemque  palustrem,  60 

et  sibi  jam  seri  vitam  ingemuere  relictam. 

At  te  nocturnis  juvat  inpallescere  chartis ; 
cultor  enim  juvenum  purgatas  inseris  aures 
fruge  Cleanthea.     petite  hinc,  puerique  senesque, 
finem  animo  certum,  miserisque  viatica  canis !  65 

'  Cras  hoc  net.'    Idem  eras  fiet.    '  Quid  ?  quasi  magnum 
nempe  diem  donas  ?  '     Sed  cum  lux  altera  venit, 
jam  cras  hesternum  consumpsimus :  ecce  aliud  cras 
egerit  hos  annos,  et  semper  paulum  erit  ultra, 
nam  quamvis  prope  te,  quamvis  temone  sub  uno  70 

vertentem  sese,  frustra  sectabere  cantum, 
cum  rota  posterior  curras  et  in  axe  secundo. 

Libertate  opus  est :  non  hac,  ut,  quisque  Velina 
Publius  emeruit,  scabiosum  tesserula  far 
possidet.     heu  steriles  veri,  quibus  una  Quiritem         75 


SATVRA    V.  113 

vertigo  facit!  hie  Dama  est  non  tressis  agaso, 

vappa  lippus,  et  in  tenui  farragine  raendax  : 

verterit  hunc  dominus,  momento  turbinis  exit 

Marcus  Dama.     papae !  Marco  spondente,  recusas 

credere  tu  nummos?  Marco  sub  judice  palles?  80 

Marcus  dixit :  ita  est ;  adsigna,  Marce,  tabellas. 

haec  mera  libertas !  hoc  nobis  pillea  donant ! 

*  An  quisquam  est  alius  liber,  nisi  ducere  vitam 

cui  licet,  ut  voluit  ?  licet  ut  volo  vivere :  non  sum 

liberior  Bruto  ? '     "  Mendose  colligis,"  inquit  85 

stoicus  hie,  aurem  mordaci  lotus  aceto ; 

"  haec  reliqua  accipio ;  licet  illud  et  ut  volo  tolle." 

1  Vindicta  postquam  meus  a  praetore  recessi, 

cur  mihi  non  liceat,  jussit  quodcumque  voluntas, 

excepto  si  quid  Masuri  rubrica  vetavit?'  90 

Disce,  sed  ira  cadat  naso  rugosaque  sanna, 

dum  veteres  avias  tibi  de  pulmone  revello. 

non  praetoris  erat  stultis  dare  tenuia  rerum 

officia,  atque  usum  rapidae  permittere  vitae: 

sambucam  citius  caloni  aptaveris  alto.  95 

stat  contra  ratio,  et  secretam  garrit  in  aurem 

ne  liceat  facere  id  quod  quis  vitiabit  agendo. 

publica  lex  hominum  naturaque  continet  hoc  fas, 

ut  teneat  vetitos  inscitia  debilis  actus. 

diluis  helleborum,  certo  conpescere  puncto  100 

nescius  examen  ?  vetat  hoc  natura  medendi. 

navem  si  poscat  sibi  peronatus  arator, 

luciferi  rudis,  exclamet  Melicerta  perisse 
8  —  Juv.  K  2 


114  A.   PEKSII    FLACCI 

frontem  de  rebus,     tibi  recto  vivere  talo 

ars  dedit  ?  et  veri  speciem  dinoscere  calles,  105 

ne  qua  subaerato  meudosum  tinniat  auro  ? 

quaeque  sequenda  forent,  quaeque  evitanda  vicissim, 

ilia  prius  creta,  raox  haec  carbone,  notasti  ? 

es  modicus  voti  ?  presso  lare  ?  dulcis  amicis  ? 

jam  nunc  astringas,  jam  nunc  granaria  laxes?  110 

inque  luto  fixum  possis  transcendere  nummum, 

nee  glutto  sorbere  salivam  Mercurialem  ? 

1  haec  mea  sunt,  teneo '  cum  vere  dixeris,  esto 

liberque  ac  sapiens,  praetoribus  ac  Jove  dextro ; 

sin  tu,  cum  fueris  nostrae  paulo  ante  farinae,  115 

pelliculam  veterem  retines,  et  fronte  politus 

astutam  vapido  servas  in  pectore  vulpem, 

quae  dederam  supra  relego,  funemque  reduco : 

nil  tibi  concessit  ratio ;  digitum  exere,  peccas, 

et  quid  tam  parvum  est?  sed  nullo  ture  litabis,  120 

haereat  in  stultis  brevis  ut  semuncia  recti. 

haec  miscere  nefas ;  nee,  cum  sis  cetera  fossor, 

tris  tantum  ad  numeros  satyrum  moveare  Bathylli. 

'  Liber  ego/   Unde  datum  hoc  sentis,  tot  subdite  rebus  ? 

an  dominum  ignoras,  nisi  quern  vindicta  relaxat         125 

'  I,  puer,  et  strigiles  Crispini  ad  balnea  defer ! ' 

si  iucrepuit,  '  cessas  nugator  ? '  servitium  acre 

te  nihil  inpellit,  nee  quicquam  extrinsecus  intrat, 

quod  nervos  agitet ;  sed  si  intus  et  in  jecore  aegro 

nascuntur  domini,  qui  tu  impunitior  exis  130 

atque  hie,  quern  ad  strigiles  scutica  et  metus  egit  erilis? 


SATVRA    V.  115 

Mane  piger  stertis.     '  Surge ! '  inquit  Avaritia, '  heia 
surge ! '  Negas ;  instat, '  Surge! '  inquit.     "  JSTon  queo." 

'Surge!' 
"  Et  quid  agam  ?  "     ■  Rogitas  ?  en  saperdam  advehe 

Ponto, 
castoreum,  stuppas,  hebenum,  tus,  lubrica  Coa ;  135 

tolle  recens  primus  piper  ex  sitiente  camello ; 
verte  aliquid ;  j  ura.'    "  Sed  Juppiter  audiet."    '  Eheu ! 
baro,  regustatum  digito  terebrare  salinum 
contentus  perages,  si  vivere  cum  Jove  tendis ! ' 
jam  pueris  pellem  succinctus  et  oenophorum  aptas :   140 
1  Ocius  ad  navem ! '  nihil  obstat,  quin  trabe  vasta 
Aegaeum  rapias,  ni  sollers  Luxuria  ante 
seductum  moneat  'Quo  deinde,  insane,  ruis?  quo? 
quid  tibi  vis  ?  calido  sub  pectore  mascula  bilis 
intumuit,  quod  non  extinxerit  urna  cicutae?^  145 

tun'  mare  transilias  ?  tibi  torta  cannabe  fulto 
cena  sit  in  transtro,  Veientanumque  rubellum 
exalet  vapida  laesum  pice  sessilis  obba  ? 
quid  petis  ?  ut  nummi,  quos  hie  quincunce  modesto 
nutrieras,  pergant  avidos  sudare  deunces?  150 

indulge  Genio,  carpamus  dulcia !  nostrum  est 
quod  vivis ;  cinis  et  manes  et  fabula  fies. 
vive  memor  leti !  fugit  hora ;  hoc  quod  loquor  inde  est.' 
en  quid  agis  ?  duplici  in  diversum  scinderis  hamo. 
huncine,  an  hunc  sequeris?  subeas  alternus  oportet    155 
ancipiti  obsequio  dominos,  alternus  oberres. 
nee  tu,  cum  obstiteris  semel  instantique  negaris 


116  A.   PERSII    FLACCI 

parere  imperio,  *  rupi  jam  vincula '  dicas ; 

nam  et  luctata  canis  nodum  abripit ;  et  tamen  illi, 

cum  fugit,  a  collo  trahitur  pars  longa  catenae.  160 

'Dave,  cito,  hoc  credas  jubeo,  finire  dolores 
praeteritos  meditor : '  crudum  Chaerestratus  unguem 
abrodens  ait  haec.     •  An  siccis  dedecus  obstem 
cognatis  ?  an  rem  patriam  rumore  sinistro 
limen  ad  obscenum  frangam,  dum  Chrysidis  udas       165 
ebrius  ante  fores  exstincta  cum  face  canto  ? ' 
"  Euge,  puer,  sapias ;  dis  depellentibus  agnam 
percute."     '  Sed  censen '  plorabit,  Dave,  relicta  ? ' 
"  Nugaris ;  solea,  puer,  objurgabere  rubra, 
ne  trepidare  velis  atque  artos  rodere  casses !  170 

nunc  ferus  et  violens  ;  at  si  vocet,  haud  mora,  dicas, 
Quidnam  igitur  faciam  f  nee  nunc,  cum  arcessat  et  ultro 
supplicet,  accedam  t    Si  totus  et  integer  illinc 
exieras,  nee  nunc."    hie,  hie,  quern  quaerimus,  hie  est, 
non  in  festuca,  lictor  quam  jactat  ineptus.  175 

Jus  habet  ille  sui  palpo,  quern  ducit  hiantem 
cretata  ambitio  ?  vigila,  et  cicer  ingere  large 
rixanti  populo,  nostra  ut  Floralia  possint 
aprici  meminisse  senes.     quid  pulchrius  ?  at  cum 
Herodis  venere  dies,  unctaque  fenestra  180 

dispositae  pinguem  nebulam  vomuere  lucernae 
portantes  violas,  rubrumque  amplexa  catinum 
cauda  natat  thynni,  tumet  alba  fidelia  vino : 
labra  moves  tacitus,  recutitaque  sabbata  palles. 
turn  nigri  lemures,  ovoque  pericula  rupto,  185 


SATVRA    V.  117 

turn  grandes  Galli  et  cum  sistro  lusca  sacerdos 
incussere  deos  inflantis  corpora,  si  non 
praedictum  ter  mane  caput  gustaveris  alii. 
Dixeris  haec  inter  varicosos  centuriones, 
continuo  crassum  ridet  Fulfennius  ingens,  190 

et  centum  Graecos  curto  centusse  licetur. 


NOTES. 


119 


P  codicis  Pithoeani  nunc  Montepessulani  lectio  genuina .  ubi  quid 

erasum  est  neque  legi  potuit  *  *  indicatum  est. 
S  scholioruni  lectiones  ipsis  litteris,  lemmatibus  maxime,  scriptae. 
2  scholiorum  lectiones,  de  quibus  interpretatioue  coniecturam  ca- 

pere  licet. 
«  codices  interpolati  uel  omnes  uel  plurimi. 

s*  codices  interpolati  aliquot,  maxime  recentiores.    Ad  hos  perti- 
nent 

p  codicis  Pithoeani  man  us  secunda. 
r  codicis  Vaticani  palimpsesti  fragmentum. 
a  codex  bibliothecae  Laurentianae,  saec.  xi. 
6  codex  bibliothecae  Sangallensis,  saec.  ix. 
e  codex  bibliothecae  Einsiedlensis,  saec.  x. 
d  codex  bibliothecae  Parisiensis  8070,  saec.  xii. 
e  codex  bibliothecae  Parisiensis  4883  A. 
/  codex  bibliothecae  Parisiensis  8071,  saec.  x. 
g  codex  bibliothecae  Parisiensis  7900,  saec.  ix. 
h  codex  bibliothecae  Vaticanae  Vrbinas  661. 
v  excerpta  e  codice  Vossiano  apud  Cortium  et  Fabricium. — 
Jahn. 

120 


NOTES. 
SATIRE    I 


k>^;<x 


ARGUMENT. 


1-14.  "Must  I  be  forever  a  passive  listener  to  epics,  comedies, 
elegies,  and  tragedies  ?  Am  I  never  to  retaliate  upon  those  wretched 
poetasters  by  whom,  at  every  turn,  the  legends  of  the  Argonauts  and 
Centaurs  are  dinned  in  our  ears? 

15-18.  "  I,  too,  have  flinched  from  the  master's  cane;  I,  too,  in  the 
school  of  rhetoric,  have  urged  Sulla  to  abdicate.  Why  should  not  I, 
then,  waste  ink  and  paper  with  the  rest  of  the  world  ? 

19-50.  "  1  will  follow  in  the  track  of  Lucilius.  As  a  eunuch  weds, 
as  a  virago  spears  boars  in  the  arnphitneatre,  as  my  old  barber  vies 
with  Rome's  whole  nobility  in  his  single  wealth,  as  Crispinus  the 
spawn  of  the  Nile,  flaunts  it  in  a  purple  cloak,  and  daintily  airs 
light  summer-rings,  'tis  hard  not  to  write  satire.  Who  could  hold 
his  peace  when  Matho  fills  his  new  sedan  with  his  swollen  self,  and 
the  spy  of  spies  goes  by,  who  will  soon  despatch  the  remnant  of 
Rome's  nobles,  as  he  has  already  betrayed  his  lord  and  friend  ? 
when  a  scoundrel  robs  his  ward,  and  compels  him  to  eat  the  bread 
of  shame?  when  Marius,  mulcted  in  fame  not  in  purse,  sits  down 
in  exile  to  carouse  a  full  hour  before  Rome  dines,  while  plundered 
Africa  cries  out  upon  the  barren  verdict? 

61-72.  "  These  themes,  surely,  are  worthier  the  midnight  lamp  of 
Horace  than  all  the  threadbare  romances,  labors  of  Hercules,  '  re- 
turn' of  Diomed,  the  Minotaur's  bellowing,  the  airy  voyage  of 
Daedalus,  and  the  headlong  plunge  of  Icarus.  Is  it  a  time  for  toys 
like  these,  when  the  gallant's  estate,  denied  by  law  to  the  wife, "is 
taken  by  the  pander  husband,  who  winks  at  his  own  shame  ?  when 
a  youth  of  ancient  lineage  holds  it  no  sin  by  the  profits  of  a  military 
command  to  retrieve  his  inheritance  wasted  upon  grooms,  or  furious 
drives  along  the  Flaminian  way,  himself  stooping  to  guide  the  reins, 
showing  off"  his  skill  to  his  mistress?  Fain  must  I  fill  every  leaf  of 
my  tablets,  even  in  the  middle  of  the  street,  as  there  sweeps  lordly 

L  121 


122  NOTES. 

by,  lolling  in  an  open  sedan,  courting  the  public  gaze,  the  forger, 
enriched  at  the  cost  of  a  few  lines  of  writing  and  a  moistened  signet. 
The  matron  fronts  us  to  our  face,  who,  when  her  lord  calls  for  wine, 
drugs  the  cup  with  toad's  juice,  and  trains  country  cousins  to  carry 
out  their  husbands'  spotted  corpses  amid  the  whispers  of  the  crowd. 

73-80.  "  Stoutly  sin,  if  you  would  be  something  in  this  world. 
Virtue  is  praised,  and  starves.  'T  is  crime  that  wins  parks,  mansions, 
costly  tablets,  embossed  beakers.  Who  can  sleep,  for  incest  and  pre- 
cocious crime  ?  If  nature  is  grudging,  scorn  indites  the  verse,  the 
best  it  can,  such  as  I  write  —  or  Cluvienus. 

81-150.  "  The  whole  range  of  human  life  since  the  flood,  all  its  pas- 
sions and  interests,  is  my  theme.  The  gambler  stakes  his  fortune, 
leaving  his  page  the  while  in  tatters ;  the  great  add  palace  to  palace, 
luxury  to  luxury,  but  for  themselves  alone;  poor  retainers  may  not 
pass  the  threshold,  where,  after  a  jealous  scrutiny,  the  fixed  pittance 
is  doled  out ;  praetors  and  tribunes  themselves  attend  the  levee,  and 
are  served  in  the  order  of  their  rank ;  but  a  wealthy  freedman  claims 
precedence,  for/Mammon  is  the  god  we  worship.  £  The  dole  is  an 
item  in  a  consul's  revenue ;  can  the  poor  man  ^corn  it,  who  has 
nothing  else  ?  Great  ladies  in  their  palanquins  follow  their  husbands 
for  a  second  dole;  sometimes  the  empty  palanquin  deceives  the 
steward.  After  a  long  day's  attendance,  clients  disperse  to  their 
dinner  of  herbs ;  while  the  '  king '  and  patron  devours  an  estate  at  a 
solitary  board.  Excess  will  cut  short  his  days,  and  he  will  die  un- 
wept. Nothing  will  remain  for  after  times  to  add  to  our  corruption ; 
posterity  will  but  ape  our  acts  and  our  desires ;  all  vice  has  settled  at 
its  zenith  :  poet,  hoist  sail,  shake  out  every  stitch  of  canvas ! 

150-171.  "  Here,  perhaps,  you  may  ask,  '  Whence  a  genius  equal 
to  the  theme?  whence  that  bluntness  wherewith  the  ancients  wrote 
off  as  their  blood  boiled  within  them  whatever  they  list?  Set  forth 
Tigellinus,  and  you  will  light  up  the  amphitheatre  by  night  amidst 
those  pine  fagots,  by  which  they  burn  as  they  stand,  who  smoke 
with  pierced  breast,  and  your  body  will  be  dragged  with  a  hook 
through  the  midst  of  the  arena.'  What,  should  he  who  administered 
poison  to  three  uncles  ride  past  slung  upon  his  downy  pillow,  and 
thence  look  down  with  disdain  upon  mef  'When  he  shall  meet 
you,  lay  your  finger  on  your  lip.  'T  is  defamation  but  to  say,  That 's 
he !  You  may  pit  Aeneas  against  Turnus,  and  safely  ;  you  may 
wound  Achilles  in  epic  verse;  Hylas  may  drop  his  pitcher,  and  none 
will  cry,  not  if  he  drown  himself  for  company ;  but  let  Lucilius  once 
in  a  glow  of  anger  draw  his  sword  and  thunder  in  verse,  the  hearer, 
whose  soul  is  chill  with  guilt,  blushes,  his  heart  sweats  under  his 
secret  sins.  Count  well  the  cost,  then,  before  the  trumpet  sounds  to 
battle;  the  plumed  combatant  repents  too  late.' 

"  If  it  be  so  hazardous  to  touch  the  living,  I  will  try  what  may  be 
said  against  those  whose  ashes  lie  entombed  by  the  highway  side."  — 
Mayor  {with  modifications). 

This  satire  must  have  been  published  after  A.  D.  100,  in  which  year 
Marius  Priscus  was  condemned  for  oppression  in  proconsular  Africa. 
The  greater  part  of  it  may  have  been  written  before  that  date. 


SATIRE    I.  123 

1.  Auditor.  Recitations  by  authors  were  in  vogue  from  the  days 
of  Augustus  to  those  of  Hadrian.  The  reciters  summoned  their 
friends  to  hired  rooms,  or  to  a  private  house  lent  for  the  purpose  by 
a  wealthy  patron,  or  to  some  public  place,  as  the  forum,  a  bath,  a 
temple,  or  a  theatre  ;  sometimes  they  button-holed  those  they  chanced 
to  meet  in  such  places,  and  assailed  their  ears  with  their  yeraea  ; 
sometimes  a  host  would  inflict  his  poems  on  his  guests  at  a  dinner* 
party.  The  author  of  the  Aeneid  used  to  recite  his  lines;  but  in 
Juvenal's  time  there  were  more  Corduses  than  Virgils. 

Tantum,  only.  When  used  as  a  restrictive  particle,  tantum,  like 
quoque,  generally  stands  after  the  word  which  it  limits;  yet  not  with- 
out exception. 

Numquamne  reponam,  shall  I  never  retaliate?  Cf.  Horat.  Ep.  i. 
19,  39:  scriptorum  auditor  et  ultor.  Literally,  shall  I  never  pay 
back  ?  A  metaphor  derived  from  mercantile  language.  The  verb 
may  be  either  in  the  future  indicative  or  the  deliberative  subjunc- 
tive ;  preferably  the  latter. 

2.  Totiens  (  =  toties).  The  poem  was  so  long  that  it  lasted  through 
a  number  of  recitations. 

Rauci.  The  wretched  poet  is  hoarse  from  his  long  reading  and 
pompous  mouthing. 

Cordi.  Probably  a  fictitious  name.  The  Theseis  would  be  an 
epic  poem  on  the  exploits  of  Theseus ;  the  name  being  formed  as  are 
Aeneis,  Achilleis,  Heracleis.    Another  reading  here  is  Codri. 

8.  Notice  the  emphatic  position  of  impune.— Ergo,  as  it  does  often, 
denotes  indignant  feeling.  —  Recitaverit  is  fut.  perf.  indicative: 
"  shall  it  go  for  nothing  that  one  has  recited,"  etc.  So  also  con- 
sumpserit. 

Togatas,  sc.  fabulas,  his  comedies.  In  these  plays  the  actors  ap- 
pear in  the  toga,  and  the  manners  of  the  middle  or  lower  classes  of 
Rome  are  represented.  The  praetexta  was  the  symbol  of  tragedy  : 
the  pallium  of  Greek  subjects. 

4.  Diem.    Auditur  toto  saepe  poeta  die.    Mart.  xi.  70. 

4,  5.  Telephus,  king  of  Mysia  and  son  of  Hercules,  was  wounded 
by  the  spear  of  Achilles,  and  was  the  hero  of  many  tragedies,  both 
Greek  and  Roman.  Ingens  refers  probably  to  the  length  of  the 
poem  ("  the  everlasting  Telephus,"  E.) ;  some  have  taken  it,  how- 
ever, of  the  size  of  the  hero  (giant),  others  of  his  prowess  {might i/). 

5,  6.  Summi  —  tergo  (the  tragedy  of  Orestes),  loritten  even  on  the 
back  (of  the  paper),  as  the  border  to  the  very  end  of  the  roll  is  already 
full.    The  ancients  wrote  usually  on  one  side  only  of  the  papyrus 


124  NOTES. 

or  parchment,  leaving  a  good  margin.  Books  written  on  both  sides 
were  called  opisthographi,  and  were  also  said  to  be  written  in  aversa 
charta  (Mart.  viii.  62).  Summus  is  used  here  in  the  sense  of  ex- 
tremus.  Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  ii.  324:  venit  summa  dies.  Plena  margine 
is  abl.  absolute.  Priscian  cites  this  passage  as  an  example  of  the 
use  of  margo  as  feminine.  For  scriptus,  J.  and  My.  read  with  P, 
scribtus.  The  participle  might  have  been  in  the  feminine  gender, 
as  Orestes  is  the  name  of  a  play  (fabula).  Cf.  Suet.  vit.  Ter.  2: 
Eunuchus  bis  die  acta  est. 

7-9.  There  were  several  groves  of  Mars,  any  of  which  may  be 
meant :  as  that  at  Colchis,  in  which  hung  the  golden  fleece  guarded 
by  a  dragon;  and  that  "in  quo  Ilia  peperit."  The  rocks  of  Aeolus 
are  Strongyle,  the  modern  Stromboli,  one  of  the  Aeoliae  insulae 
(now  Lipari  islands),  the  abode  of  the  king  of  the  winds ;  Vulcan's 
cave  was  in  the  southernmost  of  these  islands,  Hiera,  which  was 
regarded  as  the  forge  of  Vulcan.  Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  viii.  416  sqq. 
Mayor  connects  the  allusions  in  these  verses  with  the  Argonauts, 
who  visited  Vulcan's  forge  and  the  isle  of  Aeolus. 

9.  Agant,  are  about,  purpose,  are  contriving.  See  Val.  Fl.  i. 
574  sqq.  Venti.  The  name  of  their  king,  in  the  adjective  Aeoliis, 
suggests  the  winds.  Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  i.  81-123,  131-141.  Early 
examples  of  descriptions  of  storms  were  found  in  the  Nostoi,  as  the 
poems  in  the  Epic  Cycle  were  called,  which  described  the  homeward 
journeys  of  the  Greek  heroes  after  the  taking  of  Troy. 

Torqueat,  examines  by  torture,  as  a  judex  quaestionis. 

10.  Alius,  i.  e.  Jason.  Juvenal,  in  his  ill-humor,  speaking  slight- 
ingly of  the  whole  story,  does  not  mention  the  name  of  the  hero,  but 
simply  calls  him  another.  So  he  refers  to  the  golden  fleece  satiri- 
cally in  furtivae,  and  contemptuously  in  the  diminutive  pelliculae 
(that  sorry  fleece). 

11.  Monychus.  A  leader  of  the  Centaurs  who  hurled  trees  upon 
the  Lapithae  in  the  quarrel  at  the  marriage  of  Peirithous.  The 
name  retains,  of  course,  the  quantity  of  the  Greek  word,  which  is 
formed  by  syncope. 

12.  Fronto  was  some  rich  patron,  who  lent  his  grounds  for  recita- 
tion ;  perhaps  Fronto  Catius,  whose  oratory  is  praised  by  Pliny. 

Platani.    The  plane  was  much  admired  for  its  beauty  and  shade. 

Marmora.  The  marbles,  which  shake  at  the  shouts  of  the  audience 
and  re-echo  the  recited  verses,  are  marble  panels  inlaid  in  the  walls 
of  the  porticus,  or  slabs  in  the  pavement.  The  manifest  exaggera- 
tion in  the  terms  convulsa,  and  ruptae  corresponds  with  the  poet's 


SATIRE    I.  125 

excited  feeling.      Virgil,  however,  says  cantu  querulae  rumpent 
urbusta  cicadae  (Georg.  iii.  328),  "shall  make  the  woodlands  ring." 

13.  Adsiduo  (  =  assiduo)  rnptae  lectore.  This  construction  is  to 
be  distinguished  from  the  ablative  of  the  voluntary  agent  with  ab. 
When  the  agent  is  regarded  simply  as  a  means  or  instrument,  the 
preposition  is  omitted ;  this  seldom  happens,  however,  unless  the 
noun  is  accompanied  with  an  adjective  or  pronoun,  so  that  it  might 
(in  many  cases)  be  considered  as  an  ablative  absolute  of  cause.  The 
adjective  here  is  a  prominent  part  of  the  meaning:  the  columns  are 
"split"  by  the  persistency  of  the  recitations.    £r-l?*~£-"?/2» 

14.  Exspectes.  The  subjunctive,  of  a  general  condition,  in  the 
second  person  singular,  to  denote  the  act  of  an  indefinite  subject : 
(you  =  any  one.) 

Eadem,  "sc.  ut  carmina  et  scribant  et  recitent." 

15.  Et  nos  ergo,  Well,  then;  I  too  have  been  to  a  grammar-school. 
—  Et  nos,  consilium,  etc.;  /  too  have  written  themes  in  the  schools 
of  rhetoric. 

16.  The  theses  for  original  declamations  in  the  schools  of  rhetoric 
were  (1)  suasoriae  (as  in  this  instance),  generally  on  historical  or 
legendary  subjects  (cf.  Quintil.  iii.  8,  53),  or  (2),  for  more  advanced 
pupils,  coptroversiae,  in  which  legal  questions  were  handled.  The 
advice  which  young  Juvenal  in  his  theme  gave  to  Sulla  was  that  he 
should  purchase  sleep  by  resigning  his  dictatorship. 

Altum.  This  accusative  is  often  called  "  adverbial,"  and  is  well 
translated  by  an  adverb  in  English  ;  but  it  is  best  regarded  as  a  cog- 
nate accusative,  altum  dormiret  being  equivalent  to  alhlm  somnum 
dormiret.  So  indoctum  canere,  magnum  tonare,  torvum  clamat,  dulce 
loquentem,  perfidum  ridens. 

17.  Ubique.  "  In  the  forum  and  in  the  bath,  standing,  sitting,  run- 
ning, in  the  thermae  and  in  the  swimming-bath."  So  Mayor,  from 
references  in  classical  writers. 

18.  Vatibus,  bards ;  here  used  satirically.  In  the  time  of  Ennius 
vates  was  used  contemptuously  of  those  poets  who  adhered  to  the  old 
Saturnian  measure,  while  those  who  adopted  the  more  artistic  mea- 
sures and  style  of  the  Greeks  were  called  poetae.  From  the  time  of 
Virgil  and  Horace,  however,  vates  was  the  nobler  term,  like  our  bard 
as  compared  with  poet. 

Periturae.  The  paper  is  sure  to  perish,  any  way  ;  somebody  else 
will  scribble  on  it,  if  I  do  not. 

19.  Hoc  decurrere  campo,  to  run  my  course  in  this  field  (i.  e.  the 
field  of  satire).    The  metaphor  here,  and  in  equos  flexit,  is  taken 

L2 


126  NOTES. 

from  the  race-course.    Weidner,  citing  Tac.  Ann.  ii.  7,  says  that 
decurrere  is  the  proper  term  for  military  exercises  and  parades. 

20.  Auruncae  alumnus.  C.  Lucilius,  the  father  of  Roman  satire, 
who  was  born  at  Suessa  Aurunca  (now  Sessa),  in  the  southern  part 
of  Latium,  and  is  said  to  have  lived  from  B.  C.  148  to  B.  C.  103.  He 
belonged  to  the  brilliant  literary  circle  of  which  the  younger  Scipio 
was  the  centre.  "  The  satires  of  Lucilius,  whereof  more  than  eight 
hundred  fragments  remain,  were  satires  indeed,  a  medley  of  politics, 
manners,  literature,  grammar,  chiefly  in  hexameters,  partly  in  iam- 
bics and  trochaics;  his  main  function  was  to  scourge  the  corruption 
of  the  times." 

21.  Placidi  rationem  admittitis,  i.  e.,  if  you  lend  a  kindly  ear  to 
the  reason.  Some  take  placidi  as  the  gen.  sing.,  instead  of  the 
nom.  pi.,  in  the  sense,  "  If  you  will  listen  to  one  who  is  perfectly 
calm ;  "  to-wliich  Lewis  well  objects  that  "  the  poet  is  not  perfectly 
calm.  He  tells  us,  a  few  lines  on  (30,  31),  that  he  cannot  contain 
himself." 

22.  Mevia  stands  here  for  any  woman  of  rank.  Fighting  with 
wild  beasts  at  the  circus  and  amphitheatres,  and  engaging  in  gladia- 
torial combats,  were  permitted  to  women  by  Nero,  but  at  length  for- 
bidden by  Severus  A.  D.  200. 

Tuscum.  Cf.  Stat.  Silv.  iv.  6, 10 :  Tuscus  aper  generosior  Umbro. 
Mart.  xii.  14 :  si  te  delectant  animosa  pericula,  .  .  .  Tuscis  insidiemur 
apris. 

23.  Nuda  mamma.  She  was  in  the  hunting  costume  of  Diana 
and  the  Amazons.  (How  does  the  quantity  of  final  a,  shown  by  the 
metre,  determine  the  case  of  the  adjective?) 

.    24.  Omnis.    Accusative  plural. 

TTnus,  one  single  man.  Possibly  Cinnamus,  a  barber,  "  dominae 
munere  factus  eques"  (Mart.  vii.  64). 

25.  Who  used  to  be  my  barber.  Gravis,  heavy,  i.  e.  thick  and 
luxuriant.  Others,  "  that  had  grown  incommodious  to  me,"  "  my 
superfluous  beard." 

26.  Pars,  appositive  to  Crispinus. 

Verna  Canopi,  a  slave  born-and-bred  at  Canopus  (or  Canobus),  a 
dissolute  seaport  fifteen  miles  S.E.  of  Alexandria.  —  Verna  "con- 
notes the  gay  impudence  "  of  house-bred  slaves. 

27.  Crispinus,  after  coming  from  Egypt  to  Eome,  dealt  in  salt- 
fish,  but  afterwards  rose  to  riches  and  honors  under  Nero  and  Do- 
mitian,  becoming  princeps  equitum  and  member  of  Domitian's  privy 
council.  Martial,  with  his  accustomed  servility  to  the  Emperor, 
flatters  his  favorite. 


SATIRE    I.  127 

Tyrias.  The  expensiveness  of  Tyrian  purple  denotes  his  luxury. 
The  color  of  the  true  Tyrian  dye  was  that  of  "  clotted  blood,  varying 
with  the  light  in  which  it  was  seen." 

Umero.     Umerus  is  the  original  spelling  of  humerus. 

Revocante,  "  hitching  up  ;  the  mantle  floats  on  the  wind  "  (Mayor). 
41  Which  falling  off  his  shoulders  still  revoke"  (Stapylton).  Some 
explain  the  motion  of  the  shoulders  as  a  foppish  effort  to  display  the 
fine  texture  of  the  mantle ;  "  while  he  gathers  now,  now  flings  his 
purple  open  "  (Gilford).  The  plural  (lacernas)  indicates  the  frequent 
repetition  of  the  movement.  Lacernae  are  light  and  fine  mantles 
or  cloaks,  often  of  costly  dye  and  material,  worn  usually  over  the 
toga. 

28  sq.    Effeminate  luxury  reaches  its  height  in  this  picture  of  a 

t dandy  who  has  a  lighter  set  of  rings  in  summer  than  for  winter. 
Ventilet,  etc.    "  He  airs  his  summer-ring,  waving  his  hand  to  dis- 
play it ; "  or  he  fans  himself  with  his  hand,  and  thus  his  glittering 
ring  plays  in  the  sunlight. 
29.  Pondera.    The  plural  is  either  ironical,  the  heavy  weight,  or 
generalizes  the  expression. 
30  sq.  Iniquae  tarn  patiens  urbis,  so  tolerant  of  the  fount's  ini- 
quities.   Macleane. 
32.  Causidieus  is  a  title  that  Cicero  uses  with  more  or  less  con- 
tempt.   The  proper  words  for  an  "  advocate  "  are  orator  and  palronus. 
Macleane. 
Lectica.    A  sedan  or  palankeen. 

Matho,  a  pettifogging  lawyer,  is  again  spoken  of  as  a  bankrupt 
(vii.  129)  and  as  a  wind-bag  (xi.  34).  He  makes  a  display  of  wealth 
to  give  a  notion  of  success  and  attract  clients. 

33.  Plena  ipso,  "crammed  with  himself"  or  "filled  by  his  lord- 
ship."   The  lectica  had  room  for  two  persons  of  ordinary  size. 
Delator.    The  reference  is  probably  to  any  notorious  informer. 

34  sq.  Cito  —  superest,  about  to  clutch,  ere  long,  all  that  remains 
of  the  devoured  nobility.  —  Nobilitas  =  nobiles.  "  So  levis  armatura, 
jiirentus,  mortalitas,  peregrinitas,  senectus."  —  Comesa,  i.  e.  whose 
good*  have  been  devoured,  both  by  the  exactions  of  the  emperor 
and  the  rewards  or  blackmail  of  the  informers.  See  the  citations  in 
Ik'inrich  and  Mayor. 

35  sq.  Massa,  according  to  the  scholiast,  was  a  favorite  mounte- 
bank of  Nero's,  and  Car  us  a  dwarf.  But  it  is  more  probable  that 
the  reference  is  to  the  notorious  informers  Baebius  Massa  (Tacit. 
Jlist.  iv.  50;  Agric.  45)  and  Carus  Mettius  {Agric.  45).    Their  fear 


128  NOTES. 

of  Juvenal's  delator  depicts  him  as  one  of  those  quos  timent  etiam 
qui  timentur  (Sidon.  Ep.  v.  57). 

Latinus,  a  mime-player  under  Domitian,  and  himself  a  notorious 
spy,  propitiates  the  more  powerful  informer  by  secretly  sending  him 
the  actress  Thymele. 

46.  Gregibus  comitum.  Crowds  of  attendants,  as  clients  and 
slaves,  incommoding  the  people  in  the  streets. 

46  sq.  Hie  spoliator  —  prostantis,  this  plunderer  of  his  ward, 
(who  is  in  consequence)  living  in  shame. 

47  sqq.  Et  hie  (another),  i.  e.  Marius,  damnatus  inani  judicio,  etc. 
Marius  Priscus,  who  had  been  proconsul  in  Africa,  was  accused  of 
cruelty  and  extortion  by  the  Afri  A.  D.  99.  Pliny  and  Tacitus  were 
ordered  to  prosecute.  The  case  was  heard  in  the  senate,  Jan.  100, 
before  Trajan,  then  consul.  Marius  was  condemned  to  pay  700,000 
sesterces  (about  $27,000)  into  the  treasury,  and  exiled ;  yet  he  retained 
the  greater  part  of  his  spoils,  and  lived  in  luxury.  —  The  judicium 
was  inane  (empty,  idle,  ineffectual),  because  it  left  him  gorged  with 
his  ill-gotten  wealth. 

48.  Salvis  nummis.    Ablative  absolute. 

Infamia.  "  By  the  lex  Julia  repetundarum  passed  by  Caesar  in 
his  first  consulship,  B.  C.  59,  the  penalties  for  extortion  were  a  four- 
fold fine,  expulsion  from  the  senate,  exile  in  graver  cases,  and  the 
degree  of  infamia  called  intestabilitas,  which  excluded  the  con- 
demned from  giving  evidence,  prosecuting,  or  sitting  as  judices." 
Mayor. 

49.  Exul,  (though)  in  exile. 

Ab  octava  (sc.  hora),  i.  e.  two  o'clock.  The  usual  hour  for  dining 
was  the  ninth  (three  o'clock) ;  sometimes  as  late  as  the  tenth  or 
later.  An  early  dinner  was  luxurious,  as  breaking  into  the  working 
day.  Cf.  Horat.  Carm.  i.  1,  20 ;  Sat.  ii.  3,  8.  —  Bibit  here  connotes 
excess.    M. 

Fruitur  dis  iratis,  enjoys  (makes  himself  only  the  more  comfort- 
able under)  the  anger  of  the  gods.  "  A  parody  of  Sen.  Here.  Fur. 
33,  34,  where  Juno  says  of  Hercules  super  at  et  crescit  malis,  iraque 
nostra  fruitur." 

50.  Victrix.    A  forensic  term,  of  one  victorious  in  a  suit. 

51.  Credam,  agitem.    Questions  of  appeal. 

Venusina  lacerna,  the  Venusian  lamp,  the  midnight  (or  early 
morning)  lamp  of  Horace,  who  was  born  at  Venusia :  i.  e.  "  lucu- 
brations in  the  style  of"  the  Venusian  satirist.  Cf.  Horat.  Epist.  ii. 
1, 112  sq.,  i.  2,  34  sq.    "  There  is  also  an  allusion"  (Mayor  says)  "  to 


SATIRE    I.  129 

the  scorching  heat  of  satire,  and  its  fierce  glare  (cf.  the  lantern  of 
Diogenes,  seeking  a  man)." 

52.  Agitem,  pursue,  handle  (these  themes).  • 

Quid  magis,  sc.  agitem. 

Heracleas,  Diomedeas,  Heracleids,  Diomedeids  ;  epics  on  the  ad- 
ventures of  Hercules  or  Diomedes.  The  form  is  the  same  as  in 
Odyssea. 

54.  Puero  (i.  e.  lcaro).  Best  taken  as  ablative  of  instrument,  "as 
it  is  the  boy's  dead  weight "  (well  says  Mayor j  "  that  strikes  the  sea." 
See  note  on  verse  13  supra.  Simcox  considers  puero  as  dative  of 
disadvantage  (wrongly  called  dative  of  the  agent),  "the  sea  which 
the  boy  found  he  had  struck." 

Fabrum,  joiner;  a  term  applied  in  sarcastic  depreciation  to  this 
consummate  artist  Daedalus. 

55  sq.  "  By  the  lex  Voconia  (B.  C.  169)  no  citizen  of  the  first  class 
(classicus),  i.  e.  whose  estate  was  assessed  at  100,000  asset  or  more, 
could  make  a  woman  his  heir.  But  the  law  might  be  evaded  by 
bequeathing  the  estate  to  a  third  party  in  trust  for  the  woman." 
Here  tne  pander  husband,  wittolly  conniving  at  his  wife's  guilt,  "is 
the  heres  fiduciarius  of  the  rich  adulterer;  and  may  himself  claim, 
for  his  risk  as  trustee,  the  fourth  part  of  the  inheritance." 

Capiendi,  of  receiving  the  inheritance. 

56.  Spectare  lacunar.  As  if  wrapt  in  thought.  Or  the  beauty  of 
the  ceiling,  gilt  and  inlaid  with  ivory,  might  be  an  excuse  for  distrac- 
tion. Sometimes  the  panels  in  the  ceiling  shifted,  and  displayed 
scene  after  scene  to  the  guests.    Mayor. 

57.  Ad  calicem,  over  his  cup.  Cf.  Cic.  pro  Coel.  28,  67  :  nonnum- 
quara  etiam  ad  vinum  diserti  sint.    Ov.  Trist.  v.  3,  4  :  ad  tua  vina. 

59  sq.  Caret  .  .  .  censu,  has  lost  all  hit  family  estate  (of  a  senator 
or  knight),  squandering  it  on  his  stables;  and  hence  seeks  a  mili- 
tary command  for  his  maintenance.  On  caret  cf.  Cic.  Tusc.  i.  36 : 
Tvixtc  enim est  nomen  ipsum  carendi,  quia  subjicitur  haec  vis  :  habuit, 
non  ha  bet ;  desiderat,  requirit,  indiget. 

61.  Flaminiam  i  riant).  The  Flaminian  Way  was  the  great  northern 
road  from  Rome,  extending  to  Ariminum.  It  was  begun  in  the  censor- 
ship  of  C.  Flaininius,  Hannibal's  unfortunate  opponent.  Skirting 
the  Campus  Martius  (where  it  is  now  the  Corso)  it  left  the  city  by 
the  porta  Flaminia  (now  porta  del  popolo).  It  was  much  fre- 
quented. 

Puer  Automedon,  {like  a)  young  Automedon.    As  we  might  say, 
the  young  Jehu.    Automedon  was  the  charioteer  of  Achilles. 
9  — Juv. 


130  NOTES. 

61,  62.  Nam  —  amicae.  Himself  his  own  page,  he  shows  himself 
off  to  his  brazen-faced  mistress,  who  wears  a  man's  cloak,  —  his 
"  Bloomer  mistress  "'Mayor  calls  her. 

63.  Nonne  libet,  does  not  one  feel  inclined. 

Ceras.  "  Pugillares "  or  tablets,  which  were  thin  pieces  of  wood 
usually  of  an  oblong  shape,  covered  over  with  wax  on  the  inner 
sides.  They  were  fastened  together  at  the  back  by  means  of  wires 
(for  hinges),  so  that  they  opened  and  shut  like  our  books;  and  to 
prevent  the  wax  of  one  tablet  rubbing  against  the  wax  of  the  other, 
there  was  a  raised  margin  around  each.  The  wax  was  written  on 
by  means  of  the  stilus.     Diet.  Antiq. 

64.  Sexta  cervice=sea;  cervicibus.  The  chair  is  carried  on  the 
shoulders  of  six  slaves.  —  The  subject  of  feratur  is  signator  (67). 

65.  Patens,  exposed  (to  view). 

In  what  case  is  nuda  cathedra  1  (Scan  the  line.)  —  Nuda  paene, 
almost  uncovered  or  unveiled,  i.  e.  with  the  curtains  drawn.  —  The 
cathedra  was  used  chiefly  by  women.  "  In  the  sella  (line  124)  you 
sat,  in  the  lectica  (32)  you  reclined,  and  in  the  cathedra  you  were 
able  to  loll." 

66.  Reminding  you  strongly  of  the  way  in  which  Maecenas  used 
to  sprawl.  Simcox.  Maecenas  was  notorious  for  his  luxury  and 
effeminacy.    Referens,  recalling. 

67  sq.  A  friend,  called  in  at  the  mortal  agony  to  give  validity  by 
his  signature  to  the  will,  takes  that  opportunity  to  deceive  the  tes- 
tator.   Mayor. 

Signator  falso,  the  signer  and  sealer  of  a  forged  will.  With  our 
punctuation  (which  is  both  the  traditional  one  and  adopted  by  all 
the  recent  editors  except  Mayor),  the  syntax  of  falso  cannot  be  ex- 
plained without  some  difficulty.  It  has  been  regarded  (1)  as  an 
adverb,  qualifying  the  noun  like  an  adjective  (see  Niigelsbach's 
Stylistik  §  75)  ;  (2)  as  an  ablative,  and  (3)  as  a  dative :  in  the  last 
two  cases  instrumento  (J.  F.  Gronovius)  or  signo  (Heinrichj  being 
supplied,  or  falsum  being  taken  as  a  substantive  in  the  sense  of  a 
forgery  (as  the  term  is  used  in  the  Roman  law;  cf.  Plin.  Up.  ii.  20, 
12)  or  a  forged  instrument.  Mayor  follows  Turnebus  and  Ruperti 
in  punctuating  signator,  falso,  etc.,  which  punctuation  Madvig  ap- 
proves in  case  his  own  conjecture  signato  falso  be  not  adopted. 
With  Mayor's  pointing,  falso  would  be  translated  by  forgery.  The 
best  conjectural  readings  are  signator  falsus  and  signator  falsi. 

Lautum,  "  genteel ; "  a  gentleman.  —  Beatum,  rich. 

68.  His  high  respectability  and  wealth  cost  him  two  little  tablets, 


SATIRE    I.  131 

on  which  he  writes  the  forged  will,  —  ("  it  would  he  enough  to  say 
(Gains  ii.  117)  Titius  /teres  esto  or  Titium  heredvm  ease  jabeo" I, — 
and  the  trouble  of  moistening  his  ring  to  get  a  clean  impression  in 
attaching  his  signet. 

69.  Occurrit,  sc.  mihi. —  Matrona  potens,  some  powerful  matron  ; 
or  the  powerful  matron,  for  dramatic  individualization.  There  were 
many  instances  of  the  infamous  crime  here  described  among  women 
of  high  rank  in  Rome. 

Rihbeck  places  the  four  verses  69-72  between  verses  76  and  77. 

70.  Viro  sitiente.  Generally  explained  as  abl.  absolute:  a  rare 
construction,  where  the  noun  in  the  abl.,  in  the  parenthetical  clause, 
might  have  been  expected  to  stand  in  the  main  clause  (here  in  the 
dat.,  after  porrectura).  Weiduer  feels  constrained  by  the  position  of 
the  words  to  take  viro  as  dat.  and  supply  eo  with  sitiente.  But  a 
dative  is  unnecessary  here,  or  at  least  can  be  left  to  be  supplied  in 
the  mind  (e.  g.  ei).  Translate:  who,  about  to  offer  mild  Calenian, 
when  her  husband  is  thirsty,  mixes  with  it  the  bramble-toad. 

71.  Melior,  an  improvement  on.  Lucusta  was  a  professional 
poisoner,  employed  by  Agrippina  to  poison  Claudius,  and  by  Nero 
to  poison  Britannicus.     Galba  ordered  her  to  be  executed! 

73.  Aud'  aliquid.  Notice  the  elision  of  the  long  syllable  in  the 
first  thesis.  See  L.  Miiller,  de  re  metr.  286  sqq.  Aliquid,  the  read- 
ing of  the  MSS.(  Po»)  is  stronger  than  the  aliquis  of  many  editors. 
Cf.  Cic.  in  Caecil.  48 :  ut  tu  turn  aliquid  esse  videare.  Plin.  Bp.  i. 
23,  2:  erraverim  fortasse  qui  me  aliquid  putavi.    Plat.  Apol.  ail  fin. 

iii'  Sokwoi  n  tlvai  fit)5i>'  Svrcf. 

Gyaros,  a  small  rocky  island  among  the  Cyclades,  was  used  as  a 
place  of  deportation  of  the  worst  criminals. 
76.  Stantem,  standing  out  in  bold  relief. 
78.  Praetextatus,  i.  e.  "  in  his  teens." 

80.  Cluvienus.    Some  obscure  poetaster,  otherwise  unknown. 

81.  Ex  quo,  from  the  time  when. 

83.  Mollia.  Cf.  Ov.  Met.  i.  400  sqq.  Proleptic.  Remember,  how- 
ever, in  translation,  that  our  own  language  admits  of  prolepsis. 

84.  Pyrra  —  Pyrrha.    The  wife  of  Deucalion.    Ov.  Met.  i.  260  sqq. 
86.  Discursus,  restless  pursuits,  men's  uneasy  runnings  to  and  fro, 

or  runnings  and  chasings,  after  wealth  and  honor,  or  even  lower 
objects.  In  this  meaning  it  is  a  word  of  the  silver  age.  Cf.  Sen. 
ad  Ser.  de  ot.  6,  5  :  discursus  et  sudor.  Brev.  vit.  3,  2  :  officiosa  per 
urbem  discursatio. 

Est  follows  the  number  of  the  predicate  farrago,  as  it  commonly 


132  NOTES. 

does  when  the  predicate  is  a  substantive  and  the  copula  follows 
immediately  upon  it. 

87.  Et  often  begins  an  indignant  question.    Hand  Turs.  ii.  p.  492. 

87  sq.  Quando  —  sinus,  i.  e.  "When  were  the  sails  of  avarice  more 
widely  spread  ?  Three  other  translations  have  been  proposed :  viz. : 
(1)  When  did  a  larger  haven  lie  open  to  avarice?  (2)  When  did  the 
gulf  of  avarice  yawn  wider?  (3)  When  did  the  toga  fold  of  avarice 
open  wider  (i.  e.  to  pocket  her  gains)  ? 

Alea  .  .  .  animos.    Supply  habuit.  —  Hos  =  tales. 

89  sq.  Men  do  not  go  to' the  gaming-table  with  their  purses  only, 
but  they  stake  their  money-chests.  Tabulae,  sc.  aleatoriae.  Loculi 
(in  this  sense  plurale  tantum  masculinum)  were  small  coffers,  of 
wood  or  ivory,  in  which  money,  jewels,  or  other  valuables  were 
kept ;  here  distinguished  from  the  large  area,  a  "  strong-box "  or 
money-chest,  bound  with  iron. 

91  sq.  The  cashier  or  steward  is  the  arms-bearer,  the  arms  in  this 
battle  being  coins.  "  The  word  dispensator,  like  dispendium,  pensio, 
pound,  stipendium,  recalls  the  time  when  money  was  weighed  for 
every  payment."     Mayor. 

93.  Reddere,  here,  as  often,  means  to  give  as  in  duty  bound ;  to 
give  one  what  is  his  due. 

94.  Quis  avus. 

Fercula  septem.  Augustus  contented  himself  with  three  courses, 
or,  when  he  had  guests,  with  six  at  most.     Suet.  74. 

95.  Secreto.  Contrary  to  the  advice  of  Epicurus :  "  Choose  your 
company  first,  and  then  your  provision.  For  it  is  a  lion's  life  or  a 
wolfs  to  gorge  without  a  friend."     Sen.  Ep.  19,  10. 

Sportula.  "  In  the  days  of  Roman  freedom,  clients  were  in  the 
habit  of  testifying  respect  for  their  patron  by  thronging  his  atrium 
at  an  early  hour,  and  escorting  him  to  places  of  public  resort  when 
he  went  abroad.  As  an  acknowledgment  of  these  courtesies,  some  of 
the  number  were  usually  invited  to  partake  of  the  evening  meal. 
After  the  extinction  of  liberty,  the  presence  of  such  guests,  who  had 
now  lost  all  political  importance,  was  soon  regarded  as  irksome,  while 
at  the  same  time  many  of  the  noble  and  wealthy  were  unwilling  to 
sacrifice  the  pompous  display  of  a  numerous  body  of  retainers. 
Hence  the  practice,  under  the  empire,  of  bestowing  upon  each  client, 
when  he  presented  himself  for  his  morning  visit,  a  certain  portion 
of  food  as  a  substitute  for  the  occasional  invitation  to  a  regular  sup- 
per (cena  recta),  and  this  dole,  being  carried  off  in  a  little  basket 
provided  for  the  purpose,  received  the  name  of  sportula.    For  the 


SATIRE    I.  133 

sake  of  convenience,  it  became  common  to  give  an  equivalent  in 
money,  the  sum  established  by  general  usage  being  a  hundred  quad- 
rantes.  In  the  atrium,  the  serous  nomenclator  handed  the  money  over 
at  the  morning  visit  of  salutation,  at  which  the  clients  were  obliged 
to  appear  in  the  toga.  The  donation  in  money,  however,  did  not  entire- 
ly supersede  the  sportula  given  in  kind.     (See  Satire  iii.  249  sq.)" 

97.  Ille.    The  patron. 

Inspicit,  scrutinizes,  pries  into,  examines  searchingly. 

99.  The  nomenclator,  or  slave  who  calls  out  the  names  of  the 
people,  is  here  called  ironically  praeco,  "  his  lordship's  crier." 

100.  Trojugenas.  "  The  older  families  claimed  a  mythical  descent 
from  the  Trojan  Aeneas  and  his  companions  ;  as  the  Julia  gens  from 
lulus,  the  Sergia  gens  from  Sergius,  the  Memmii  from  Mnestheus." 

Vexant,  "  infest." 

101.  Da,  etc.    The  words  of  the  master  to  the  dispensator. 
104.  Fenestrae,  holes  (for  ear-rings). 

105  sq.  Quinque  .  .  .  parant,  my  five  shops  bring  me  in  an  income 
of  four  hundred  thousand  sesterces,  which  was  a  knight's  estate. 
With  yuadringenta  supply  sestcrtia.  Another  interpretation  of 
ijuimjue  tubernae,  based  upon  Livy  xxvi.  27,  is  given  by  Heinrich 
after  Dusaulx,  and  meets  with  much  favor  among  recent  editors: 
viz.,  the  five  banking-houses  bring  me  in,  etc.,  —  alluding  to  the 
man's  transactions  on  'change.  This  last  translation,  however,  is 
rejected  by  Becker  (i.  297)  and  by  Mayor. 

106.  Purpura  major,  i.  e.  the  latus  clavus  or  laticlave.  See  Lex. 
8.  vv.  ciavus  and  laticlavius. 

108.  Corvinus  was  a  cognomen  of  the  Messalae,  who  were  a  branch 
of  the  gens  Valeria,  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  Rome. 

Custodit  conductas  oves,  keeps  sheep  for  hire  (i.  e.  as  a  hired 
laborer). 

109.  Pallas,  brother  of  the  procurator  Felix  before  whom  Paul 
preached,  was  a  freedman  of  Claudius,  and  was  worth  over  two  mil- 
lions sterling. 

Licinis.  Generic  plural.  Licinus  was  a  Gaul,  a  prisoner  of  Julius 
Caesar  who  emancipated  him  and  made  him  his  di*pen$ator.  Under 
Angnstoi  he  ■mewed  greml  wealth  m  procurator  of  Gallia. 

110.  Sacro  honori,  etc.,  i.  e.  let  him  not  trive  place  to  (make  way 
for)  the  inviolable  tribune,  whose  person  was  sacrosanctus.  Abstract 
for  concrete. 

111.  Pedibus  albis.  Slaves  newly  imported  are  said  to  have  had 
their  feet  chalked  or  marked  with  gypsum  when  exposed  for  sale. 

M 


134  NOTES. 

116.  And  Concord,  who  clatters  when  her  nest  is  hailed.  The 
temple  of  Concord  fperhaps  the  one  in  the  Carinae  which  was  built 
by  Camillus  after  the  expulsion  of  the  Gauls)  had  become  inhabited 
by  storks.  The  noise  of  the  birds  clapping  their  bills  is  attributed 
to  the  goddess. 

117.  Summus  honor.  Another  instance  of  the  use  of  the  abstract 
for  the  concrete. 

118.  "  Juvenal  is  alone  in  representing  the  rich  and  noble  of  both 
sexes  as  actually  receiving  the  dole.  Martial  speaks  only  (xii.  26) 
of  their  going  the  round  of  morning  visits." 

119.  Comites,  his  followers,  the  poor  clients. 

120  sq.  Densissima  lectica,  a  great  crowd  of  litters.  Cf.  multo 
delatore  (iv.  47),  plurimus  aeger  (iii.  232),  and  the  use  of  ov%v6<;  in 
Greek. 

122.  Praegnas  =praegnans. 

123.  Petit,  sc.  sportulam.    Absenti,  sc.  uxori. 

Nota  jam  callidus  arte,  by  this  time  an  adept  in  the  profession 
which  he  has  mastered.     See  the  Lexicons  s.  v.  callidus.     Mayor. 

126.  Quiescet,  she'll  be  asleep  ;  you  '11  find  that  she 's  asleep.  K. 
Fr.  Hermann,  cited  by  Mayor,  compares  Terent.  Phorm.  801-2  :  Ch. 
cognatam  comperi  esse  nobis.  De.  quid  ?  deliras.  Ch.  sic  e  r  i  t ; 
non  temere  dico.  Many  editors,  however,  give  quiescit,  although  P 
has  the  future. 

127.  Rerum,  of  engagements. 

128.  Juris  peritus  Apollo.  In- the  forum  of  Augustus,  where 
courts  were  held  daily,  there  was  a  statue  of  Apollo.  Having  stood 
there  so  long  listening  to  lawsuits,  Juvenal  calls  him  learned  in  the 
law. 

129.  Triumphales,  sc.  statuas.  The  forum  of  Augustus  formed 
two  semicircles,  one  on  each  side  of  the  temple  of  Mars  Ultor,  and 
in  these  two  porticvs  Augustus  set  up  statues  "triumphali  efligie" 
of  all  the  great  Roman  conquerors. 

130.  Nescio  quis.    Contemptuous.    "  Un  je  ne  sais  quoi." 
Arabarches.    As  eastern  Egypt  from  the  Nile  to  the  Red  Sea  bore 

the  name  of  Arabia,  the  governor  of  Thebais  (one  of  the  three  presi- 
dencies into  which  Egypt  was  divided)  was  also  called  Arabarches 
on  the  analogy  of  Asiarch.  The  Egyptian  upstart  and  Arabarch 
here  meant  is  probably  Tiberius  Alexander  (son  of  Alexander  Lysi- 
machus),  an  Egyptian  Jew  turned  pagan,  who  was  made  procurator 
of  Judaea  circa  46  A.  d.,  prefect  of  Egypt  66  or  67  A.  d.,  was  the 
first  to  proclaim  Vespasian  emperor,  1  July,  69,  and  was  general-in- 
ch ief  under  Titus  at  the  siege  of  Jerusalem. 


SATIRE    I.  135 

131.  Non  tantum  (not  only),  etc.  One  may,  without  sacrilege, 
commit  more  than  one  kind  of  nuisance.  Lewis.  Non  taut  am  fas 
est  =  you  may  do  more  than  — . 

132  sq.  The  vestibulum  was  an  empty  space  before  the  door  of  the 
house,  through  which  there  was  an  approach  from  the  street  (Aul. 
Gell.  xvi.  5).  Although  they  had  received  their  dole  in  the  morn- 
ing, the  clients,  after  following  their  patron  about  during  the  whole 
day  and  escorting  him  home,  still  hoped  for  an  invitation  to  a  recta 

Ci', in. 

136.  Rex,  the  great  man,  their  patron.  —  Tantum,  all  alone. 

137  sq.  In  these  lines  the  selfish  luxury  is  satirized  of  men  who, 
while  having  many  large  round  tables,  of  costly  wood  and  antique 
workmanship,  which  would  serve  for  many  guests,  set  out  but  one, 
from  which  they  eat  alone,  and  yet  with  the  most  lavish  expense. 

139.  Jam,  soon. 

141.  Ponit,  serves  up. 

141.  Con-vivia.  Cic.  Cat.  Maj.  45 :  bene  enim  majores  accubitionem 
epularem  amicorum,  quia  vitae  conjunctionem  haberet,  couvivium 
nominaverunt. 

143.  P.  reads  crudus.  — - 144.  Intestata.  The  friends  would  receive 
no  legacy,  and  hence  be  angry. 

145.  Another  reading  (pw),  is  it  nova,  etc.  The  best  recent  editors 
read  et  with  P. 

149.  In  praecipiti  stetit,  stands  at  its  highest  point,  has  reached 
the  highest  pitch.  The  perfect  emphasizes  the  fact  that  this  highest 
point  has  already  been  reached. 

TJtere.  The  poet  addresses  himself. 

151.  Materiae  unde.  Observe  the  hiatus,  a  liberty  not  uncommon 
in  Juvenal's  hexameters.    Cf.  iii.  70,  v.  158,  viii.  105. 

Priorum,  of  our  forefathers. 

153.  Simplicitas.  Independence,  frankness,  openness,  bold  free- 
dom ;  nafiprjaia. 

Cujus  —  an  non  ?  The  quotation  is  from  Lucilius  (supra  note  on 
verse  20);  but  with  some  modification,  inasmuch  as  Lucilius  could 
not  have  used  audeo  as  a  dactyl,  its  final  syllable  being  in  his  age 
always  long  (L.  Muller  de  re  metr.  336  sq.). 

154.  Quid  refert,  what  matters  it  t  what  difference  does  it  make  ? 
Dictis,  jests,  sarcasms. 

Mucius  is  the  great  jurist,  P.  Mucius  Scaevola,  cos.  B.  c.  133.  He 
was  an  enemy  to  Scipio  Nasica  and  Scipio  Africanus  the  younger, 
the  friends  of  Lucilius. 


136  NOTES. 

155.  Pone ,  portray  ;  attempt  to  sketch. 

Tigellinus.  The  cruel  and  wanton  favorite  of  Nero,  and  his  ac- 
complice in  the  burning  of  Rome. 

Pone:  lucebis,  etc.  (Satirize  Tigellinus,  and  you'll  fare  as  the 
Christians  did.)  This  is  an  elegant  construction,  equivalent  to  si 
pones,  lucebis.  "  In  such  cases  Cicero  never  inserts  et  before  the 
apodosis.    Later  writers  insert  or  omit  it  indifferently." 

Taeda  —  harena,  you  will  shine  in  those  pine-fagots,  in  which 
standing  victims  bum  and  smoke  with  their  breasts  fastened  to  a 
stake,  and  you  draw  a  wide  furrow  (after  you)  in  the  midst  of  the 
sand.  Various  translations  have  been  given  of  this  doubtful  passage. 
Next  to  the  above,  I  should  prefer  that  which  translates  taeda  in 
ilia  "  in  that  torch  "  or  "  those  torches ;  "  reference  being  made  to 
Nero's  execution  of  the  Christians  (whom  he  falsely  charged  with 
setting  fire  to  Rome,  to  avert  the  odium  of  the  crime  from  himself 
and  his  favorite),  by  covering  their  bodies  with  tar  and  setting  fire  to 
them,  "  that  they  might  serve  for  torches  and  give  light  to  the  spec- 
tators, they  being  so  fastened  that  they  could  not  bend  their  bodies." 
A  similar  meaning  has  been  brought  out  by  translating  taeda  "  a 
pitched  shirt,"  tunica  molesta  (viii.  235  J ;  but  it  would  be  hard  to 
find  authority  for  the  use  of  the  word  taeda  in  that  sense. 

In  deducis  we  have  the  lively  use  of  the  present  for  the  future, 
picturing  the  scene  as  if  now  going  on.  The  allusion  is  to  the  drag- 
ging away  of  bodies  through  the  arena,  either  living,  for  execution, 
or  after  death.  The  MSS.  vary  between  this  reading  and  deducit 
and  diducit.  In  P.  the  last  letter  is  erased  or  illegible.  Deducis  is 
adopted  by  Heinrich,  Jahn,  Hermann,  Ribbeck,  Macleane;  Mayor 
and  Madvig  (opusc.  ii.  177)  read  deducit,  supplying  in  thought  the 
relative  quae  referring  to  taeda.  Various  emendations  have  been 
proposed,  the  neatest  of  which  (offered  in  the  Porson  tracts)  is  quae 
ducit. 

158.  Ergo,  etc.  What,  then,  is  an  infamous  poisoner  to  be  borne 
aloft  in  luxury  and  look  down  on  honest  men  ? 

Vehatur.  An  indignant  question  of  appeal. 

159.  Despiciat.  So  Heinrich,  Ribbeck,  Macleane,  Mayor,  after 
some  MSS.    Jahn  and  Hermann,  with  P.,  despiciet. 

Pensilibns  plumis  means  a  lectica  with  soft  feather-bed  and  cush- 
ions, raised  aloft  on  men's  shoulders.     Macleane. 

160.  "  Cum  with  the  future,  future  perfect,  or  universal  present,  is 
often  almost  equivalent  to  si."     G.  584. 

Veniet  contra,  he  shall  meet  you.    Contra  =  obviam. 


SATIRE    I.  137 

Compesce,  etc.,  padlock  your  lip  with  your  finger.    Gildersleeve. 

161.  Even  to  say  the  single  word  "  That 's  he ! "  would  be  danger- 
ous. His  guilty  conscience  would  see  in  you  an  accuser,  and  contrive 
severe  punishment  for  you. 

162-4.  Write  of  the  dead  and  gone,  if  you  would  be  safe. 

Licet  committas,  you  may  match,  set  fighting  together,  pit 
together. 

Eutulum.    I.  e.  Turnus. 

Hylas  was  the  armor-bearer  of  Hercules;  "  drawing  water  at  a 
well  he  was  dragged  in  by  the  nymphs,  and  Hercules  sought  him 
long,  sorrowing  and  calling  upon  his  name,  and  set  the  people  of  the 
country  (Mysia)  to  seek  him." 

165.  Lucilius.  See  note  on  verse  20.  Cf.  Horat.  Sat.  ii.  1,  62  sqq. ; 
Pers.  Sat.  i.  114  sq. 

Infremuit,  has  growled,  or  has  roared. 

Frigida  is  used  of  the  chill  which  the  sense  of  guilt  sends  to  the 
heart. 

167.  Tacita  culpa,  "with  concealed  guilt."  A  cold  sweat  coming 
over  the  heart  through  the  power  of  conscience  and  the  fear  of  ex- 
posure is  a  forcible  description. 

169.  Animo.  Another  reading  is  anime.  But  the  vocative  seems 
the  less  likely  in  so  masculine  and  unsentimental  a  writer  as 
Juvenal. 

Ante  tubas.  Before  the  battle  is  begun.  The  trumpets  give  the 
signal  both  for  the  charge  and  the  retreat. 

Galeatum.  The  man  who  has  once  put  on  his  helmet.  On  the 
march,  the  helmet  hung  on  the  left  breast,  being  suspended  by  a 
strap  over  the  right  shoulder.  Soldiers  are  so  represented  on  Trajan's 
pillar. 

Duelli.  In  the  old  form  duellum  for  helium  the  derivation  from 
duo  is  evident. 

171.  Flaminia  atque  Latina,  sc.  via.  "The  chief  roads  leading 
out  from  Rome  were  lined  for  several  miles  with  the  tombs  of  the 
wealthier  citizens,  burial  within  the  walls  of  the  city  being  forbidden 
by  the  twelve  tables." 

M  2       *" 


SATIEE    III. 


ARGUMENT. 

1-9.  Although  I  am  distressed  at  the  departure  of  my  old  friend 
Umbricius,  I  commend  him  for  preferring  a  quiet  home  in  Cam- 
pania to  the  fires  and  falling  buildings  and  the  thousand  perils  and 
the  reciting  poets  of  Rome. 

10-20.  While  his  family  and  goods  were  all  being  packed  into  a 
single  cart,  Umbricius  halted  at  the  Capenian  gate.  Here  we  stepped 
down  into  Egeria's  vale  and  grottoes — how  all  unlike  the  true! 
How  far  more  manifest  were  the  divinity  of  the  stream,  if  grass 
edged  its  waves  with  green,  and  no  marble  profaned  the  native  tufa! 

21-57.  "Since,"  says  my  friend,  "there  is  no  room  for  honest 
^fl^fu^try  at  Rome,  1  will  find  a  home  elsewhere,  while  I  have  yet' 
^IWgoTto  go.  They  who  can  make  black  white,  and  are  willing*  to 
stoop  to  the  meanest  and  most  dishonest  occupations,  may  stay  here 
and  thrive.  Such  men  can  give  the  people  shows,  and  then  go  back 
to  their  low  trades.  And  why  should  they  not  thus  shift  about, 
since  they  only  imitate  Fortune,  who  has  raised  them  ?  What  is 
there  for  me  to  do  at  Rome?  I  cannot  flatter,  nor  be  an  instrument 
of  crime,  nor  privy  to  the  crimes  of  the  great.  Not  for  all  the  gold 
of  the  Tagus  should  you  be  willing  to  forego  your  peace  of  mind  by 
harboring  a  guilty  secret. 

58-80.  "  I  '11  tell  you  in  whom  our  rich  men  most  delight,  and  whom 
I  most  avoid  :  't  is*  Greeks,  and  worse,  't  is  Syrians :  for  Syria  has 
poured  her  refuse  into  Rome,  —  her  language,  customs,  harps,  and 
drums,  and  harlots.  From  every  town  the  Greeks  swarm  and  creep 
into  rich  houses  —  Jacks  of  all  trades,  clever,  abandoned,  impudent, 
prompt,  fluent.  All  arts,  all  sciences,  are  familiar  to  the  starveling 
Greek  ;  and  bid  him  fly  to  the  skies,  he  '11  do  it;  for  Daedalus  was  a 
Greek,  and  born  at  Athens.  81-108.  Shall  I  not  avoid  their  purple 
robes  ?  Shall  that  man,  blown  to  Rome  by  the  same  wind  as  figs 
and  damsons,  rank  before  me,  whose  infancy  breathed  the  air  of 
Rome?  They  can  flatter  most  grossly,  and  yet  be  believed.  What 
player  on  the  stage  can  surpass  them?  Not  even  Antiochus  or 
Haemus  would  seem  wonderful  among  the  Greeks,  for  the  whole 
nation  are  actors  in  daily  life.    114-125.  Pass  on  to  a  graver  crime. 

138 


SATIRE    III.  139 

Think  of  that  Stoic  who  killed  his  friend  and  pupil,  that  old  wretch 
horn  at  Tarsus.  There  is  no  place  for  a  Roman  here  ;  these  Greeks 
have  got  sole  possession.  By  a  few  drops  of  the  poison  of  calumny 
the  oldest  and  most  faithful  clients  are  driven  away,  nor  is  their  loss 
felt. 

126-167.  "  What  are  a  poor  man's  services,  when  praetors  rush  before 
them  to  do  their  homage  to  rich  childless  ladies?  The  first  question 
:it  I  tome  is  '  What  is  a  man's  wealth  ?  '  the  last,  '  What  is  his  moral 
character?'  Poverty  is  always  laughed  at  — the  hardest  thing  to 
bear  in  the  poor  man's  lot.  The  poor  man's  tattered  clothes,  and 
his  ejection  from  the  front  rows  in  the  theatre,  to  make  room  for  a 
crier's  foppish  son  or  a  gladiator's,  are  a  jest  to  his  patron.  What 
poor  man  gets  a  wife,  or  an  inheritance,  or  the  humblest  office?  All 
Romans  true  should  long  ago  have  joined  to  fly  their  country.  'Tis 
hard  to  rise  where  virtue  is  kept  down  by  poverty;  but  hardest  of 
all  at  Rome,  where  food  and  lodging  are  so  dear. 

168-189.  "  Here  a  man  's  ashamed  to  dine  off  earthenware ;  not  so 
when  he  goes  into  the  country.  In  the  country  both  great  and  small 
appear  in  public  in  their  undress  tunics;  in  town  the  client  must 
wear  the  costly  toga.  Here  men  live  beyond  their  means.  How 
much  will  you  give  to  call  on  this  grandee,  or  for  a  glance  from  that 
one?  When  a  patron  offers  to  some  god  the  locks  of  a  haudsome 
page,  and  the  house  is  full  of  sacrificial  cakes,  poor  clients  must  fee 
the  slaves,  or  they  are  not  admitted  to  a  share. 

190-222.  "In  the  country  who  fears  falling  houses?  Rome  is 
shored  up  with  buttresses.  1  'd  rather  live  where  there  are  no  fires 
nor  midnight  terrors.  The  poor  man's  house  burns,  he  loses  his 
little  all,  and  no  one  will  help  him;  the  rich  man  receives  contri- 
butions which  more  than  replace  his  losses.  223-231.  You  may  buy 
a  house  and  a  little  garden  in  the  country  for  the  annual  rent  of  a 
garret  in  Rome.  232-238.  The  poor  cannot  sleep  at  Rome,  for  the 
noise  of  the  crowded  streets. 

239-267.  "The  rich  man  is  borne  through  the  streets  in  a  litter, 
where  he  may  read  or  sleep  at  ease ;  the  poor  is  hustled  by  crowds, 
bumped  by  logs  of  timber,  trampled  on  by  a  soldier's  hob-nailed 
boots.  A  client,  returning  home  with  his  slave  bearing  his  dinner  in 
a  chafing-dish,  is  crushed  to  death  under  a  wagon-load  of  marble. 
His  household  is  making  ready  to  receive  him  ;  but  he  the  while 
cowers  on  the  shores  of  Styx,  without  a  farthing  for  the  ferryman. 

268-277.  "  The  night  has  other  dangers, —  such  as  pots  from  lofty 
windows;  count  yourself  happy  if  you  get  no  more  than  their  con- 
tents. A  wise  man  makes  his  will  before  he  walks  abroad  at  night. 
278-301.  A  drunken  rioter  meets  you,  who  sleeps  not  till  he  kills  his 
man.  Though  'flown  with  insolence  and  wine,' he  knows  how  to 
avoid  the  rich  man's  train  and  torches,  hut  1  am  his  victim,  who  go 
forth  by  the  light  of  a  candle  or  the  moon.  With  insulting  speech 
he  picks  a  quarrel,  if  that  be  quarrel  where  one  gives,  the  other  does 
but  take  the  blows.  Whether  you  answer  or  not,  it's  all  the  same; 
he  knocks  you  down,  then  (as  if  he  were  the  aggrieved  party)  binds 
vou  over  to  appear  in  court.  This  is  the  poor  man's  license  when 
he's  beaten,  to  pray  he  may  be  suffered  to  carry  home  a  few  teeth  in 
his  head. 


140  NOTES. 

302-314.  "  Then  when  your  doors  are  closed  and  barred,  the  robber 
breaks  in  and  robs  or  murders  you.  For  thieves  come  to  Rome  as 
their  preserve.  Their  fetters  soon  will  leave  no  iron  for  our  tools. 
Happy  our  ancestors,  for  whose  need  one  prison  was  enough  ! 

315-322.  "  But  I  must  go ;  the  horses  and  the  driver  are  impatient, 
and  the  sun  is  setting.  Farewell,  remember  me;  and  when  you  go 
to  Aquinum  send  for  me,  and  I '11  come  help  you  write  another 
satire."  —  Mayor  and  Macleane,  with  modifications. 


\ 
\ 

1.  Confusns,  distressed.  Cf.  PI  in.  Paneg.  86  :  quam  ego  audio  con- 
fusionem  tuam  fuisse,  cum  digredientem  prosequereris ! 

Amici.  Juvenal  calls  the  name  of  his  friend  Umbricius  (vs.  20). 
We  have  no  reason  to  suppose  that  any  real  person  is  meant. 

2.  Vacuis,  empty,  unfrequented. 

3.  Quod  .  .  .  destinet.  Quod  with  the  subjunctive  is  used  when  we 
state  both  the  reason  and  the  assertion  by  another  party  that  the  fact 
is  so.  (M.  357.)  Because,  as  he  tells  me,  etc.  The  infinitive  after 
destinare  is  found  in  Caesar,  Nepos,  Livy,  and  Ovid,  but  becomes 
more  frequent  in  the  silver  age. 

Sibylla.  The  Cumaean  Sibyl  was  supposed  to  dwell  in  a  large 
artificial  cave;  modern  travellers  are  shown  what  may  be  some 
remains  of  it.  Justin  Martyr  {cohort.  37)  saw  at  Cumae  a  great 
basilica,  hewn  out  of  the  rock,  with  three  baths  in  which  the  Sibyl 
bathed.  After  her  bath,  she  retired  into  an  inner  shrine,  also  hewn, 
like  the  baths,  out  of  the  rock,  where,  sitting  on  a  lofty  tribunal  and 
seat,  she  gave  her  oracles.     Mayor. 

4.  Janua  Baiarum.  The  Via  Domitiana,  a  branch  of  the  Via 
Appia  from  Sinuessa,  led  to  Cumae,  whence  travellers  took  an  older 
road  that  led  to  Baiae  and  the  principal  towns  on  the  bay  as  far  as 
Surrentum,  all  of  which  were  favorite  resorts  of  the  wealthy  Romans. 
"  This  gratum  litm  was  so  thickly  studded  with  houses  that,  accord- 
ing to  Strabo,  they  looked  like  one  town." 

Amoeni  secessus.  Genitive  of  quality :  affording  an  agreeable 
retreat.     "  Un  lieu  d'un  trSs  agreable  sejour." 

5.  Prochyta  (now  Procida)  is  a  small  island  near  Cape  Misenum. 
Subura  (or  Suburra)  was  the  name  of  a  low  street  leading  from  the 

Esquiline  to  the  Viminal,— the  noisiest  and  most  disreputable  part 
of  Rome. 

7,  8.  The  many  stories  of  the  Roman  houses,  of  which  the  upper 
(tabulata,  contignationes)  were  of  wood,  the  narrowness  of  the  streets, 


: 


SATIRE    III.  141 

and  the  wooden  outhouses,  all  increased  the  risks  of  fire.  Conflagra- 
tions were  frequent  and  extensive.  Owing  to  the  dearness  of  land 
and  cost  of  lodging,  speculators  carried  their  buildings  to  a  great 
height,  and  employed  very  frail  materials;  earthquakes  and  inunda- 
tions often  undermined  even  more  solidly  built  houses.     Mayor. 

10.  Dum  componitur,  substitit.  When  dam  denotes  what  hap- 
pens while  something  else  happens,  it  is  usually  constructed  with  the 
present,  although  the  action  be  past  and  the  perfect  be  used  in  the 
leading  proposition.     M.  336,  obs.  2. 

Domus,  his  household. 

Beda.  "  A  Gallic  vehicle,  much  used  at  this  time  by  the  Romans. 
It  was  four-wheeled,  drawn  by  two  or  four  horses, —  a  family,  and 
later  a  stage-coach,  constructed  to  carry  passengers  and  goods." 

11.  Arcus.  An  aqueduct  was  carried  on  arches  over  the  porta  Cape- 
na,  and  the  gate  was  called  in  the  time  of  the  scholiast  "  the  dripping 
arch."  From  the  porta  Capena,  one  of  the  principal  gates  in  the 
wall  of  Servius,  the  Appian  way  led  to  Capua.  The  discovery  of  the 
first  milestone  on  the  Appian  way  has  fixed  the  position  of  the  gate 
at  the  foot  of  mons  Cuelius.  It  is  fifteen  hundred  yards  within  the 
porta  Appia  of  the  wall  of  Aurelian,  now  called  Porta  8an  Seb  is- 
tiano. 

12.  Hie,  here.  TJbi,  etc.  I.  e.  in  the  lucus  Camenarum  (or  grove 
of  the  four  Latin  prophetic  divinities,  Antevorta,  Postvorta,  Car- 
menta,  and  Egeria1,  directly  before  the  porta  Capena,  on  the  left 
hand  as  one  passed  out  of  the  city.  As  the  grove  was  filled  with 
poor  Jews,  Umbricius  leads  Juvenal  farther  aside  into  the  quiet 
valley  of  Egeria,  whence  they  could  still  see  the  Appian  way.  This 
grove,  which  had  a  fountain  in  it  (Liv.  i.  21),  the  poet  represents  as 
the  scene  of  the  meetings  of  Numa  and  Egeria.  From  the  strange 
notion  that  these  meetings  must  have  been  in  the  valley  of  Egoria, 
Jahn  and  Ribbeck  place  the  five  lines  12-16  after  line  20,  and  II.  A. 
J.  Munro,  while  retaining  the  old  order  of  the  verses,  offers  his  friend 
Mayor  an  ingenious  but  strained  interpretation  of  the  passage. 

Amicae.  Egeria,  one  of  the  four  Camenae ;  a  prophetic  muse,  not 
a  nymph.  (Dion.  Hal.  ii.  60,  364.)  Juvenal  chooses  to  give  a 
satirical  turn  to  the  tradition  of  Numa's  interviews  with  this 
goddess. 

14.  The  large  wicker  basket  and  the  hay,  which  constituted  the 
scanty  furniture  of  the  Jews  to  whom  the  grove  and  the  aedes  Came- 
narum had  been  let,  were  used,  the  first  for  a  receptacle  for  their 

rovisions  and  for  alms,  the  second  for  a  bed. 


142  NOTES. 

15.  Mercedem,  a  rent.    Populo,  to  the  Roman  people. 

16.  The  wood  itself  is  said  to  go  a  begging,  as  its  occupants  beg. 

17.  Notice  the  asyndeton.  As  the  Muses'  grove  is  now  so  unin- 
viting, we  go  down  at  once  into  Egeria's  valley. 

Speluncas.  "Juvenal  speaks  of  artificial  grottoes,  but  does  not" 
necessarily  "  mean  more  than  one." 

18.  Veris,  natural  ones.     But  translate,  unlike  the  true. 
Praesentius.    How  much  nearer  to  us  would  the  goddess  of  the 

spring  seem  to  be  !     Another  reading  is  praestantim. 

19.  Cluderet  =  c/«Mde/'e£. 

20.  Ingenuum,  native,  natural,  plain,  unsophisticated. 
Nee  .  .  .  violarent,  and  .  .  .  did  not  wrong  (spoil). 

23.  Res,  my  property,  my  means. 

Here  was  the  form  commonly  used  in  Juvenal's  time.  The  pro- 
nunciation of  the  final  letter  was  intermediate  between  e  and  i. 
(Quintil.  i.  4,  8.)     Augustus  wrote  heri. 

23  sqq.  Eadem  —  aliquid,  "  and  will  again  to-morrow  wear  away 
something  from  its  small  remainder." 

Proponimus.    Plural  for  the  singular. 

Illuc  .  .  .  ubi  Daedalus,  etc.    To  Cumae.   Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  vi.  14  sqq. 

27.  In  the  Greek  conception  of  the  Mulpai,  who  according  to 
Hesiodwere  three  —  Clotho,  Lachesis,  and  Atropos  —  it  was  Clotho's 
business  to  spin  the  thread  of  human  life.  Lachesis  determined  the 
duration  and  condition  of  it,  [and  Atropos,  "  the  inflexible,"  held 
the  shears,  and  at  Clotho's  command  cut  the  thread.]  But,  as  in 
Horace,  the  three  sisters  are  sometimes  represented  as  spinning,  and 
here  Clotho's  functions  are  usurped  by  Lachesis.     Macleane. 

29  sq.  Artorius  et  Catulus.  "Any  two  scoundrels."  Strauch 
thinks  that  Juvenal  chooses  names  which  will  include  both  nobles 
(Catulus)  and  plebeians  (Artorius). 

30.  Qui  vertunt.  The  indicative  emphasizes  the  action  as  an 
actual  fact. 

31.  Quis  =  guibu8. 

31-33.  Who  are  willing  (as  redemptores,  mancipes,  or  conductores) 
to  undertake  the  building  or  repair  of  temples,  the  dredging  or 
embanking  of  rivers,  the  construction  or  clearing  of  harbors,  the 
draining  of  the  sewers,  the  carrying  out  the  dead  to  burial ;  and, 
having  made  the  most  of  their  contracts,  to  embezzle  the  money,  and 
when  that  is  safe  become  bankrupt.  Mayor.  Some  understand 
flumina  and  portus  of  the  farming  of  the  public  revenues,  and 
eluviem  siccandam  of  the  draining  of  marshes,  or  even  of  salt- 
making  (Tac.  13,  57). 


SATIRE    III.  143 

33.  And  to  offer  themselves  to  be  sold  up,  under  the  spear,  the 
symbol  of  lawful  ownership  ;  i.  e.,  to  go  into  bankruptcy.  Juvenal 
might  have  said  praebere  se  venales.  The  expression  "  he  is  sold  up  " 
is  used  for  "  his  goods  are  sold."  The  State,  as  creditor,  had  the 
right  to  put  itself  in  possession  of  the  goods  of  thcbankrupt  {creditor 
in  bona  debitoris  mittebatur),  and  they  were  sold  at  auction  sub  hasta 
(signo  justi  dominii,  Gaius  iv.  16).  The  fraudulent  debtor  became 
iiifimis,  and  the  infamia  entailed  the  loss  of  status  (Walter,  §  788, 
p.  455).  Mayor ;  Schoniann  Jahrb.  99,  765-7.  Others  interpret  this 
verse  of  contracting  for  the  sale  of  slaves  by  auction.  The  custom 
of  setting  up  a  spear  at  auctions  is  said  to  have  been  derived  from 
the  practice  followed  in  old  times  of  selling  prisoners  and  booty  on 
the  field  of  battle  under  this  symbol. 

36.  Munera,  sc.  gladiatoria. 

Verso  pollice.  Those  who  wished  the  death  of  a  conquered 
gladiator  turned  (vertebant,  convertebant)  their  thumbs  towards  their 
breasts,  as  a  signal  to  his  opponent  to  stab  him  ;  those  who  wished 
him  to  be  spared,  turned  their  thumbs  downwards  (premebant),  as  a 
signal  for  dropping  the  sword.     Mayor. 

37.  Populariter.    "  To  win  good  will." 

38.  After  giving  the  people  shows,  they  go  back  to  their  trade, 
which  condescends  to  low  gains  (Macleane).  They  farm  the  cabinets 
d'aisance  ;  and  why  should  they  not  contract  for  anything? 

42.  Poscere.    I.  e.  to  ask  for  a  copy,  to  read  carefully  at  home. 

Motus  astrorum,  etc.  I  am  no  astrologer,  to  promise  a  wicked 
expectant  heir  the  speedy  death  of  his  father. 

44.  Ranarum  viscera,  etc.  I  have  never,  as  anharuspex,  inspected 
the  entrails  of  frogs.  "The  superstitious  consulted  the  entrails  of 
animals  not  commonly  used  for  the  purpose." 

47.  Nulli  comes  exeo.  Since  I  will  bear  no  part  in  extortions,  no 
governor  takes  me  with  him  in  his  cohors  into  a  province.  That/wr 
and  comes  are  to  be  thus  explained,  appears  from  the  mention  of 
Verres  (53).  Mayor;  and  so  Weidner  and  Lewis.  Macleane  says 
that  "  comes  means  comes  exterior,  the  great  man's  walking  com- 
panion." 

48.  Exstinctae  corpus  non  utile  dextrae,  a  useless  trunk,  with 
right  hand  destroyed.  "  Exstinctae  dextrae  "  is  the  genitive  of  quality 
or  description. 

49.  Conscius,  an  accomplice. 

Cti.  Here  a  dissyllable.    Cf.  vii.  211. 

55.  The  Tagus  was  one  of  those  rivers  which  were  supposed  to 
have  gold  in  their  sands. 


144  NOTES. 

56.  Ut  somno  careas,  etc.  That  for  it  you  should  be  willing  to 
forego  your  peace  of  mind  by  harboring  a  guilty  secret. 

Ponenda  =  deponenda.  The  gifts  and  honors  must  sometime  be 
parted  with,  at  least  at  death. 

57.  Tristis,  like  somno  careas,  implies  the  absence  of  true  happi- 
ness which  always  accompanies  an  unquiet  conscience. 

61.  Quamvis,  and  yet.  /Used  like  quamquam  (Aen.  v.  195)  in  cor- 
recting one's  self.  — Quota  portio  faecis  Achaei?  Best  translated 
in  English  as  an  exclamation  :  how  small  a  portion  of  our  dregs 
are  Greeks  !  Lewis  says,  "  I  cannot  understand  how  Heinrich  and 
Macleane"  (he  might  have  added  "and  all  the  leading  editors") 
"  put  a  note  of  interrogation  after  Achaei."  They  could  do  nothing 
else.  Quotus  is  an  interrogative  adjective  pronoun,  and  quota  portio 
means  properly,  in  the  words  of  Mayor,  "one  part  amongst  how 
many  ?  "  or  "  how  many  parts,  each  equal  to  this,  go  to  make  up  the 
whole  ?  "  Macleane  explains  himself  very  well  when  he  says  that 
"Whath  partf"  would  express  quota  pars,  if  we  could  coin  an 
interrogative  adjective  after  the  analogy  of  the  seventh  part,  eighth, 
etc.  He  refers  to  Key's  Latin  Gram.,  \  248  and  note. 
.  63  sq.  Chorda^  obliquas,  triangular  harps.  The  sambuca  is  refer- 
red to.  _^ — <"*' 

Gentilia  tympana,  the  tambourines  of  the  nation  ;  chiefly  used  in 
the  worship  of  Cybele.  "  They  correspond,"  Macleane  says,  "  to  the 
Indian  tom-tom,  and  are  beaten  with  no  perceptible  reference  to 
time  ....  The  Orientals  have  little  or  no  ear  for  music ;  and  on  lower 
ground  than  Umbricius  takes,  he  might  have  run  away  from  the 
music  of  Eastern  flageolets,  harps,  and  drums.  They  were  probably 
such  as  are  still  in  use  all  over  Asia,  and  no  discord  is  comparable 
to  that  which  is  there  listened  to  with  satisfaction." 

65.  Circum.    The  Circus  Maximus. 

66.  Ite,  hie  thither  I  Ruperti  says  "  ite  in  malam  rem ; "  which  to 
be  sure  is  the  same  thing. 

Picta.  Find  by  scanning  the  verse  the  quantity  of  the  final  a. 
In  what  case  \s  picta,  accordingly,  and  with  what  other  word  only  in 
this  line  can  it  agree  ? 

Mitra.  A  species  of  light  turban,  worn  by  Asiatic  women  of  bad 
fame. 

67.  Rusticus  ille  tuus,  thy  old-time  rustic  ;  "  that  son  of  thine,  the 
rustic  of  old." 

Trechedipna.  A  Greek  word  of  obvious  derivation.  (See  the 
Lexicons.)    Of  the  two  meanings  given  by  the  Scholiast, "  vestimenta 


SATIRE    III.  145 

parasitica,  vel  galliculas  Grecas  currentium  ad  caenam,"  Freund 
adopts  the  first,  a  garment  worn  by  parasites  running  to  a  supper; 
recent  editors  incline  rather  to  the  second,  a  kind  of  dress-shoes  worn 
as  above.  Simply  for  translation,  we  need  not  solve  the  difficulty. 
Ambon  remarks  that  "  Juvenal  means  to  lash  not  only  the  introduc- 
tion of  effeminate  Grecian  manners  and  costume,  but  also  the  accom- 
panying inroad  of  Greek  terms  into  the  Roman  tongue;"  and  he 
purposely  retains  the  word  in  his  translation,  "  puts  on  the  treche- 
dipna." 

68.  Ceroma  was  a  mixture  of  oil,  wax,  and  earth,  with  which  the 
athletes  rubbed  themselves  before  wrestling. 

Niceteria,  prizes  of  victory,  such  as  collars,  chains  of  gold,  rings, 
and  (as  perhaps  here)  wreaths  or  garlands. 

69.  Alta  Sicyone.  "  Old  Sicyon  lay  in  the  plain  near  the  sea,  but 
Demetrius  Poliorcetes  razed- the  walls  and  houses,  and  removed  the 
inhabitants  to  the  Acropolis." 

Amydon  was  on  the  banks  of  the  Axius  in  Macedonia. 

70.  Notice  the  hiatus  in  a  Greek  word  before  the  principal  caesura. 

71.  What  hill  of  Rome  is  here  spoken  of  as  deriving  its  name  from 
the  osiers  that  grew  on  it?  (Varro,  however,  says  (v.  51),  Viminalis 

a  Jove  Vimino,  quoi  ibi  arae;  but  adds  sunt  qui  quod  ibi  vimineta  j 

fuerint.)  ^ 

72.  Viscera,  the  vitals,  the  heart;  "  bosom-friends."  -\J*^ 

73.  Ingenium  —  perdita,  "  their  wit  is  quick,  their  impudence 
desperate." 

74.  Isaeo  torrentior  =  torrentior  quam  sermo  Isaei.  "The 
ablative  of  the  person,  instead  of  the  ablative  {sermone),  of  that 
which  belongs  to  him."    M.  280,  obs.  2 ;  Z.  767  in  fine. 

Isaeus  was  a  Greek  rhetorician  of  distinction,  who  came  to  Rome 
about  A.  D.  97,  being  then  upwards  of  sixty  years  of  age.  Pliny  the 
younger  {Epp.  ii.  3)  speaks  in  the  highest  terms  of  his  ready  elo- 
quence. 

75.  Quern  vis  hominem,  any  character  you  clioose. 

76.  Geometres  is  here  a  trisyllable,  the  e  and  o  being  contracted 
into  one  syllable  by  synaeresis. 

Aliptes.   The  slave  who  anointed  his  muster  in  the  bath. 

78.  Graeculus,  the  Greekliug.  The  contemptuous  use  of  the  dimin- 
utive. 

Jusseris  =  sijusseris.    Strictly,  a  hortatory  subjunctive. 

79.  In  summa,  in  short,  in  a  word,  denique.  In  the  golden  age, 
this  expression  was  used  only  to  denote  the  whole  as  opposed  to  the 

10  — Juv.  N 


146  NOTES. 

single  parts :  cf.  Cic.  ad  Quint,  fr.  ii.,  16,  3  :  Drusus  erat  de  prae- 
varicatione  a  tribunis  aerariis  absolutus,  in  summa  quattuor  senten- 
tiis,  cum  senatores  et  equites  daninassent ;  where  in  summa  means 
in  the  whole  number  of  the  judges  :  quoad  judices  universos,  vicit 
quattuor  sententiis.  Ad  summam  would  be  the  Ciceronian  expres- 
sion in  our  passage,  and  so  some  editors,  after  pw,  have  read;  so  also 
Freund  and  other  lexicographers.  Our  reading  is  that  of  P.  and  S., 
adopted  by  Jahn,  Hermann,  Bibbeck,  Weidner.  The  later  Latin 
used  both  in  summa  and  ad  summam  in  the  sense  of  denique. 

80.  Mediis  natus  Athenis.    The  reference  is  to  Daedalus. 

81.  Horum.  Notice  the  passage,  in  lively  discourse,  from  the 
generic  singular  to  the  plural. 

Conchylia.     I.  e.  purple  robes. 

82.  Signabit.  I.  e.  as  witness,  e.  g.  to  a  marriage-deed  (x.  336)  or 
will  (i.  67). — Eecumbit,  etc.   I.  e.  be  ranked  higher  at  table. 

83.  Pruna  et  cottona,  plums  (of  Damascus,  whence  our  "  dam- 
sons," originally  "  Damascenes  "),  and  small  Syrian  Jigs.  Other 
readings  are  cottana  (and  so  Hesychius)  and  coctana. 

84.  Usque  adeo  nihil  est,  is  it  so  utterly  nothing  ?  is  it  so  entirely 
to  go  for  nothing  ? 

85.  Baca  (bacca)  Sabina,  the  Sabine  olive. 

86.  Quid  quod,  why  add  that  ? 

91.  Hie  ....  quo  ....  marito  =  i7£«  maritus  (i.  e.  gallus),  quo. 
Attraction  of  the  antecedent  substantive  into  the  relative  clause. 
M.  319,  obs.  —  Hie,  i.  e.  vox  illius.  Cf.  verse  74.  —  Quo  marito. 
See  note  on  i.  13  :  adsiduo  lector e. 

93  sqq.  Is  the  comedian,  when  he  plays  Thais,  etc.,  a  better  actor 
(than  the  Greek  is  in  private  life)  ?  So  do  the  Greeks  excel  in  flat- 
tery and  deception,  that  actors  maintaining  the  most  difficult  parts, 
even  men  personating  women  so  as  to  be  mistaken  for  them,  do  not 
surpass  their  art.    So  Madvig,  Opusc.  i.  51. 

Thais.  A  courtesan,  e.  g.  in  the  Eunuchus  of  Terence. 

94.  Doris.   A  name  of  a  servant-girl.    Madvig,  Opusc.  i.  53. 

Nullo  cultam  palliolo,  clad  in  no  mantle;  not  having  apalliolum 
(or  pallium),  the  outer  dress  of  the  lower  order  of  women,  but  clad 
in  the  chiton  alone.  So  K.  F.  Hermann,  Madvig,  Mayor,  and  others. 
Macleane  wrongly  accepts  the  definition  of  palliolum  as  "  a  small 
square  cloth  worn  over  the  head  to  protect  it  from  the  weather,  or  to 
hide  the  face."— For  nullo  Jahn  adopts  Buchner's  conjecture  pullo. 

97.  Tenui  —  rima,  parted  by  a  narrow  cleft. 

98,  99.  The  names  here  given  are  those  of  four  distinguished 
actors  in  Rome,  all  of  them  Greeks. 


SATIRE    III.  147 

Nee  tamen.  Still,  neither  Antiochus,  etc.  "  It  is  true  that  the 
actor  personates  a  woman  to  the  very  life ;  still  the  best  actors  do  no 
more  than  what  every  Greek  can  do." 

Illic.  I.  e.  in  their  own  country. 

Molli.  Delicate  and  graceful,  in  tone  and  gesture. 

102.  Nee,  and  yet  not.  Ylin.-Epp.  v.  6,  36  :  ita  occulte  tempera- 
tur,  ut  impleat  nee  redundet.    Mayor. 

103.  Endromidem.  A  thick  woollen  rug  thrown  over  the  body  after 
violent  exercise. 

Here  Gifford  quotes  Hamlet's  dialogue  with  Osric : 

Osr.  I  thank  your  lordship,  't  is  very  hot. 
Ham.  No,  believe  me,  't  is  very  cold :  the  wind  is  northerly. 
Osr.  It  is  indifferent  cold,  my  lord,  indeed. 

Ham.  But  yet,  methinks,  it  is  very  sultry,  and  hot  for  my  complexion. 
Osr.  Exceedingly,  my  lord  ;  it  is  very  sultry,  —  as  't  were,  —  I  cannot  tell 
how.  —  Hamlet,  v.  2. 

Cf.  Gnatho  in  Ter.  Eun.  ii.  2,  19. 

105  sq.  Aliena  —  facie,  to  assume  an  expression  of  countenance 
from  another's  face.  "According  to  Atnenaeus,  one  Klefeophua 
used  to  make  a  wry  face  whenever  Philip  tasted  any  pungent  dish. 
Plutarch  compares  such  a  flatterer  to  a  polypus,  or  to  a  mirror  which 
reflects  all  images  from  without." 

106.  Jactare  manus,  to  throw  up  his  hands  in  admiration  and 
astonishment.  Another  (but  inferior)  reading  in  the  preceding  clause 
is  alienum  sumere  vultum,  which  requires  the  words  a  facie  jactare 
manus  to  be  taken  together,  and  translated  to  fling  kuses. 

Laudare  paratus.  Juvenal  is  fond  of  this  construction  of  the 
infinitive  after  adjectives.    A.  &  G.  57,  8,  /,  3 ;  G.  424,  4 ;  H.  552,  3. 

108.  Weidner  understands  tndla  aurea  of  a  golden  ladle  with 
which  wine  was  dipped  from  the  wine-jar.  The  patron  has  drained 
the  jar  and  turned  it  upside  down  (inverso  fundo),  and  then  asks  his 
Greek  parasite  to  dip  him  some  wine.  The  parasite  eagerly  ha-tms 
to  obey,  and  strikes  the  bottom  of  the  jar  with  his  ladle,  so  that  it 
rings,  before  he  perceives  that  it  has  been  inverted.  Instead  of  being 
offended  at  the  poor  joke  played  upon  him,  he  laughs  aloud  and 
applauds  his  master's  wit.  With  this  explanation,  the  verse  is 
rendered,  if  the  golden  ladle  has  rung  on  the  bottom  of  the  wine-jar. 

An  interpretation  more  commonly  adopted  explains  trulla  as  a 
drin king-cup;  the  verse  would  then  be  translated,  if,  when  its  bottom 
is  turned  upwards,  the  golden  goblet  has  given  a  gurgling  sound.  So 
Stapylton : 


148  NOTES. 

Or  if,  the  bottom  o'  th'  gilt  bowl  turn'd  up, 
He  fetcht  the  froth  off  with  a  gallant  sup. 

Others  still,  less  plausibly,  understand  that  he  dashes  the  heel- 
taps of  his  goblet  into  a  basin  or  upon  the  floor,  as  if  playing  the 
cottabos. 

The  examples  given  by  Forcellirii  sufficiently  prove  that  trulla 
may  mean  either  a  ladle  or  a  drinking-cup.  Some  suppose  that  its 
meaning  here  is  scaphium  or  matella,  and  that  fundus  in  this 
passage  is  equivalent  to  anus.  Heinrich  argues  ingeniously  in  favor 
of  the  scholiast's  first  explanation,  si  pepederit,  taking  trulla  aurea 
as  venter  divitis.  The  second  interpretation  of  the  scholiast  has 
little  probability :  si  calix  aureus  crepitum  dederit  cadens  e  manu 
divitis. 

114.  Transi,  pass  by;  say  nothing  of.  Others  take  it  as  equivalent 
to  transi  ad. 

115.  Gymnasia,  their  training-schools.  "Quit  the  playgrounds 
of  vice." 

Facinus  majoris  abollae,  a  crime  of  the  larger  robe  ;  i.  e.  a  crime 
committed  by  a  man  of  high  position. 

116.  Servilius  Barea  Soranus  was  proconsul  of  Asia  in  the  reign 
of  Claudius,  and  a  man  of  high  character.  He  fell  under  the  dis- 
pleasure of  Nero,  and  was  charged  with  treasonable  practices,  and 
his  daughter  Servilia  with  aiding  him.  They  were  condemned  to 
death.  The  chief  witness  against  them  was  P.  Egnatius  Celer,  a 
Stoic  philosopher,  grave  of  garb  and  mien,  but  treacherous,  crafty, 
^avaricious,  and  lustful.  Egnatius  was  rewarded  with  riches  and 
honors :  afterwards,  however  (A.  D.  69),  he  was  exiled. 

117  sq.  Nutritus,  etc.  Egnatius  is  said  to  have  been  born  at 
Berytus ;  but  he  was  educated  at  Tarsus,  if  the  interpretation  usually 
given  to  verses  117,  118,  is  the  correct  one.  The  Gorgoneus  cabal- 
lus  (caballus,  nag  or  hack,  contemptuously;  like  Persius's  fonte 
caballino  of  Hippocrene)  is  Pegasus,  who  sprang  from  the  blood  of 
the  Gorgon  Medusa  when  Perseus  struck  off  her  head  at  Tartessus 
in  Spain.  According  to  the  legend,  he  lost  a  wing  (rupcos)  at  Tarsus, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Cydnus  in  Cilicia,  whence  the  city  had  its  name. 
Strabo  fxiv.  673  sq.)  says  of  Tarsus  in  his  day,  "with  such  zeal  do 
the  inhabitants  study  philosophy  and  literature,  that  they  surpass 
Athens,  Alexandria,  and  all  other  schools  of  learning.  .  .  .  Rome 
knows  well  how  many  men  of  letters  issue  from  this  city,  for  her 
streets  swarm  with  them."  "  The  apostle  Paul,  Apollonius  of  Tyana 
and  the  Stoics  Nestor,  the  teacher  of  Tiberius,  and  Athenodorus, 


SATIRE    III.  143 

with  others,"  are  mentioned  by  Mayor  as  having  received  instruction 
in  this  city. 
120.  Notorious  parasites. 

123.  Naturae,  of  his  own  (i.  e.  the  parasite's)  disposition. 
Patriae,  of  his  country,  i.  e.  of  Greece. 

Veneno,  venom. 

124.  Perierunt,  have  been  wasted  ;  have  gone  for  naught. 

125.  "  My  long  slavery "  is  the  client's  bitter  expression  for  his 
attentions  and  civilities  to  his  patron. 

Nusquam  —  clientis,  nowhere  do  they  make  less  of  pitching  a  client 
overboard.  "  The  word  cliens,"  says  Macleane,  "  is  used  to  express 
a  totally  different  relation  between  patron  and  dependant  from  what 
it  expressed  in  the  earlier  times  of  the  republic.  At  this  time  it  did 
not  involve  a  legal  and  political  distinction,  and  meant  no  more  than 
an  humble  friend,  a  dependant  who  looked  to  another  for  rapport, 
counsel,  and  so  forth." 

126.  Officium,  service. 

Ne  nobis  blandiar,  not  to  flatter  ourselves;  to  tell  the  plain  truth. 

127  sq.  Si  —  currere,  if  he  take  the  pains  to  run  while  it  is  yet 
night  in  his  toga.  The  toga,  the  "dress-coat"  of  the  Romans,  was 
always  worn  in  calls  of  civility  and  other  officio-. 

128.  While  the  praetor  treads  on  the  heels  of  his  lictor,  etc.  "  The 
poor  man  stands  no  chance  of  being  noticed,  when  even  the  higher 
magistrate!  are  hastening  on  the  same  errand."  The  praetor  at 
this  time  had  two  lictors  when  within  the  city,  and  six  without 
Impellat  implies  hitting  against,  in  whatever  manner.  Cf.  Sen.  de 
Trmiq.  An.  12,  2:  impellunt  obvios  et  se  aliosque  praecipitant. 
Heiurich  understands  manu,  and  translates  pokes  the  lictor  in  the 
ribs. 

129.  Dudum  vigilantibus  orbis,  the  childless  ladies  having  been 
awake  (i.  e.  up  and  ready  for  their  reception )  for  a  long  time. 

130.  The  names  represent  two  rich  and  childless  matrons. 

137  sq.  Hospes  numinis  Idaei.  Livy  (xxix.  10,  11)  relates  that 
when  in  205  B.  C.  the  Sibylline  books  were  consulted,  it  was  found 
that  Rome  might  be  secured  against  all  invaders,  if  only  the  Maean 
Mother  were  brought  from  Pessinus  to  Rome.  The  Delphic  oracle 
directed  that  the  best  man  in  the  city  should  receive  her  with  a 
proper  welcome ;  and  the  senate  (B.C.  204)  selected  P.  Cornelius 
Scipio  Nasica,  a  young  man  who  had  not  yet  been  quaestor,  for  that 
honor  (Liv.  xxix.  14).  He  received  the  image  at  Ostia  from  the  ship 
that  had  conveyed  it,  and  then  delivered  it  to  the  charge  of  the 

N2 


150  NOTES. 

matrons.  This  image  which  the  priests  of  Pessinus  presented  to  the 
Romans  as  the  veritable  Mother  Cybele  was  a  rude  field-stone. 

Numa  was  the  most  pious  of  kings. 

138  sq.  Qui — Minervam.  L.  Caecilius  Metellus,  twice  consul, 
when  pontifex  maximus  (b.  C.  241),  saved  the  Palladium  from  the 
burning  temple  of  Vesta.  In  this  act  of  courageous  devotion  he  lost 
his  sight  from  the  effect  of  the  flames. 

140.  Ad,  in  regard  to,  with  reference  to,  as  regards.  Cf.  Cic.  de 
Fin.  ii.  20,  63  :  non  timidus  ad  mortem ;  in  Cat.  i.  5,  12  :  ad  severi- 
tatem  lenius.    Moribus,  his  character. 

Seneca  (Epp.  xix.  6,  14)  translates  from  an  old  Greek  tragedian  as 
follows : 

Sine  me  vocari  pessimum,  ut  dives  vocer; 

"An  dives"  omnes  quaerimus,  nemo  "an  bonus;" 

Non  "  qua  re  et  unde,"  "  quid  "  habeas,  tantum  rogant. 

144.  Samothracum.  The  most  secret  mysteries  known  to  the 
ancients  were  connected  with  the  worship  of  the  Cabiri :  deities 
worshipped  nowhere  else  so  solemnly  as  in  Samothrace.     Macleane. 

149.  Sordidula,  a  trifle  soiled. 

151.  Non  una  cicatrix,  "  more  than  one  seam  "  or  patch. 

153.  Inquit,  sc.  designator,  the  usher.  Inquit  is  often  used  with- 
out a  subject  expressed.  The  scene  is  now  in  the  theatre  or  amphi- 
theatre. 

154.  Pulvino  equestri.  The  orchestra  was  appropriated  to  the 
senators  ;  the  fourteen  front  rows  of  the  cavea,  which  were  cushioned, 
were  reserved  for  the  knights.  Any  one  might  take  his  place  there 
who  had  the  equestrian  census  of  400,000  sesterces.  The  tribune  L. 
Eoscius  Otho  (verse  159)  proposed  this  law  B.  C.  67.  Having  grad- 
ually fallen  into  disuse,  it  was  revived  by  Domitian. 

158.  A  pinnirapus,  or  crest-snatcher,  was  a  gladiator  matched  with 
a  Samnite.  The  Samnite  gladiators  wore  a  crest  on  their  helmets; 
the  pinnirapus  sought  to  snatch  away  this  crest,  or  a  feather  from  it. 
Gladiators  were  not  allowed  to  sit  in  the  knights'  benches  :  it  appears 
that  the  restriction  did  not  extend  to  their  sons.  Praecones  too  were 
of  low  social  position,  and  not  eligible  to  the  rank  of  decuriones  so 
long  as  they  followed  their  calling. 

160  sq.  Censu  —  impar,  inferior  in  estate,  and  not  a  match  for  the 
young  lady  in  his  money-bags.  The  last  clause  may  also  be  translated, 
not  a  match  for  the  young  lady's  money-bags.  Others  render  sar- 
cinulis,  "  dowry ; "  others  still  "  trousseau ; "  others  refer  it  to  such 


SATIRE    III.  151 

things  as  the  woman  fancied  she  wanted  after  marriage,  the  poor  man 
being  described  as  unable  to  keep  his  wife  in  "  trinkets  and  finery." 
Censu  may  refer  to  the  equestrian  estate,  "  or  censu  minor  may  be 
taken  generally  for  a  man  of  small  means." 

162.  When  is  a  poor  man  an  "  assessor"  (i.  e.  a  legal  adviser)  even 
to  the  police?    The  aediles  were  at  this  time  police-officers. 

163.  Olim,  long  ago;  a  meaning  which  this  word  often  has  in 
writers  of  the  silver  age. 

164.  Haut  =  hand.  Johnson's  vigorous  version  of  this  sentence 
was  inspired  by  his  own  experience  : 

"Slow  rises  worth  by  poverty  depress'd." 

166.  Magno,  sc.  constat. 

167.  Servorum  ventres.  "  Petron.  57 :  viginti  ventres  pasco." 
"  Horace,  who  lived  as  plainly  as  any  man  could  do,  and  was  a 
bachelor,  could  not  sit  down  to  his  dinner  of  leeks  and  fritters  with- 
out three  slaves,  which  he  considered  the  height  of  independence 
(Sat.  i.  6,  116).  Umbricius  was  married,  and  had  children,  and  the 
customary  number  of  slaves  in  every  household  had  grown  enormously 
since  the  days  of  Horace." 

168.  Negabis  is  a  conjecture  of  Valesius,  adopted  by  Jahn,  Rib- 
beck,  Wetdner.  The  MSS.  negavit ;  but  6  and  v  are  often  inter- 
changed in  manuscripts.  Grangaeus  conjectured  negabit,  which 
Hermann  adopts. 

170.  The  cucullus  was  a  sort  of  cape,  worn  over  the  lacerna.  It 
was  provided  with  a  hood,  which  could  be  drawn  over  the  head 
either  to  disguise  the  wearer  or  to  defend  him  from  the  weather. 
Venetus,  sea-green;  sometimes  blue,  or  shifting  between  blue  and 
green ;  sometimes  of  ferruginous  color  (Lyd.  de  mens.  iv.  25). 

172.  After  death,  the  body  of  a  free  person  was  always  clad  in  a 
toga,  such  as  accorded  with  his  rank.  Augustus  forbade  the  citizens 
to  appear  without  the  toga  in  the  forum  or  circus.  But  the  toga  was 
costly  and  inconvenient,  and  hence  gladly  laid  aside  on  informal 
occasions.  Pliny  mentions  among  the  charms  of  his  Tuscan  villa, 
nulht  necessita.8  togae  {Epp.  v.  6,  45). 

172-4.  Order:  Si  quando  ipsa  dierum  festorum  majestas  {"the 
solemn  holidays  ")  colitiir  herboso  theatre 

Tandem,  after  a  long  interval. 

175.  Exodium,  a  merry  farce  ;  originally  an  interlude  (Liv.  vii.  2). 

Personae,  etc.  In  the  farces  grotesque  masks  were  used,  u  having 
the  mouth  wide  open,  representing  broad  laughter  or  grinning." 


152  NOTES.  ' 

Lucian  de  Salt.  27,  quoted  by  Mayor,  speaks  of  an  "  actor  with  a 
mask  that  towers  above  his  head,  and  a  great  mouth  gaping  wide,  as 
if  to  swallow  up  the  audience." 

177-9.  "  In  the  rustic  crowd  there  is  no  distinction  of  latus  clavus 
or  angustus  clavus,  nor  any  praetexta;  even  the  municipal  senate 
(decuriones),  who  occupy  the  orchestra,  as  the  senators  do  at  Eome, 
are  dressed  like  the  rest  of  the  spectators  in  tunics ; "  and  a  white 
tunic  is  sufficient  to  mark  the  dignity  of  the  "  great  aediles,"  the 
common  people  appearing  in  dark-colored  tunics.  Clari  honoris  aifcd 
summis  are  used  humorously,  like  Horace's  magni  quo  pueri,  magtks 
e  centurionibus  orti. 

180.  Habitus.  Genitive.  The  use  of  this  word  in  the  sense  of 
dress,  as  here  and  in  line  177,  is  rare  before  the  post- Augustan 
writers. 

182.  Ambitiosa,  ostentatious,  pretentious. 

184.  Quid  das.    I.  e.  to  Cossus's  servants. 

Cossus.  "  A  noble,"  says  the  scholiast.  Probably  an  informer  and 
accuser  like  Veiento. 

185.  A.  Fabricius  Veiento,  praetor  b.  c.  55  (when  he  ran  dogs 
instead  of  horses  in  the  games),  was  banished  from  Italy  B.  c.  62  for 
libelling  senators  and  priests,  and  for  selling  various  offices,  and  was 
afterwards  consul  under  Domitian,  and  a  notorious  informer.  He 
was  a  friend  also  of  Nerva's.  Cf.  Plin.  Epp.  iv.  22,  4 :  Cenabat  Nerva 
cum  paucis.  Veiento  proximus  atque  etiam  in  sinu  .recumbebat. 
Dixi  omnia,  cum  hominem  nominavi.    Mayor. 

Clauso  labello.    Without  deigning  to  open  his  lips.  » 

186  sq.  Hie,  hie.    Any  other  patrons. 
Deponit,  cuts,  i.  e.  causes  to  be  cut. 

"  When  a  youth  first  shaved,  it  was  a  holiday,  and  the  young  down 
was  sometimes  offered  to  some  god,  with  the  long  hair  worn  in  boy- 
hood but  cut  off  when  the  '  toga  virilis '  was  put  on.  This  cere- 
mony was  observed  by  certain  masters  with  their  favorite  slaves." 
In  each  of  the  cases  here  supposed,  the  house  is  immediately  full  of 
sacrificial  cakes  provided  by  the  master.  These  cakes  are  offered  by 
the  slaves  to  the  clients,  in  expectation  of  a  douceur. 

187  sq.  Accipe  —  habe  :  Take  the  cake  (says  Umbricius),  and  keep 
it  as  something  to  stir  your  bile,  that  praestare  cogimur,  etc. 

189.  Cultis,  foppish,  dandified  ;  or  pampered. 

190.  Praeneste.  Feminine,  as  in  Verg.  Aen.  viii.  561.  It  is  gen- 
erally neuter.  "  Declined  like  caepe,  gausape,  Reate,  Arelate, 
JBibracte." 


SATIRE    III.  153 

194.  Sic.  I.  e.  for  it  is  in  this  way  that.  It  is  "  by  such  crazy  props 
and  shores  "  that. 

Labentibus.  Sc.  aedificiis,  implied  in  urbem.  Others,  "  the  falling 
inmates." 

195.  Vilicus  as  insulariiis,  an  agent  or  steward  who  lets  lodgings 
in  town.    Mayor  after  K.  F.  Hermann. 

196.  Securos,  sc.  nos. 

198.  Poscit  aquam.  Tantamount  to  cries  fire  !  Cf.  Quintil.  Decl. 
xii.  6 :  ut "  arma  "  bello,  ut "  aqua  "  incendio  inclamari  publice solent. 

199.  Ucalegon.  I.  e.  your  neighbor.  An  allusion  to  Verg.  Aen.  ii. 
311 :  proximus  ardet  Ucalegon.  "  Here,  a  richer  tenant  who  rents  a 
lower  story  of  the  high  lodging-house  (insula),  the  third  story  of 
which,  immediately  below  the  tiling,  is  let  to  the  poor  client,  who 
sleeps  through  all  the  confusion." 

Tibi.  Ethical  dative.    Or  more  strongly,  dative  of  disadvantage. 

203.  Procula  was  the  name  of  a  dwarf  well-known  at  Bom«. 
Some  commentators  think  that  in  this  passage  it  is  only  an  expression 
for  "  his  short  wife." 

Minor,  too  short  for. 

204.  The  abacus  was  a  slab,  sometimes  of  silver  or  gold,  but  some- 
times as  here  of  marble  (see  verse  205),  used  as  a  sideboard  on  which 
plate  was  exhibited. 

205.  Chiron.  A  figure  of  Chiron  the  centaur,  who  was  renowned 
as  a  musician. 

206.  Jam  vetus,  old  by  this  time. 

207.  Opici  is  here  used  in  the  sense  of  "  ignorant,"  barbarian. 
"Goths  of  mice."  " Cat.  ap.  Plin.  xxix.  7  (1)  :  nos  quoque  dictitant 
[Graeci]  barbaros,  et  spurcius  nos  quam  alios  opicos  appellatione 
foedant."  "  The  Opicans  were  the  same  as  the  Oscans,  and  perhaps 
as  the  Ausonians,  whose  settlements  were  in  Campania,  and  whose 
language  was  widely  spread  and  survived  the  nation." 

210.  Cumulus.   Fr.  comble.   His  "  sorrow's  crown  of  sorrow." 

212.  Asturicus.  A  name  representing  some  nobleman  of  a  conquer- 
ing family,  coined  from  the  Astures,  a  people  in  Spain,  after  the 
analogy  Gf  Creticus,  Numidicus,  Macedonicus.     So  Persicus  (221). 

Cecidit.  I.  e.  burns  to  the  ground.  —  Horrida  mater.  The  matrons 
go  with  dishevelled  hair,  in  sign  of  mourning. 

213.  Differt  vadimonia.  Adjourns  his  court.  Literally,  "  puts  off 
the  vadimonia,  which  was  the  word  for  the  engagement  entered  into 
by  a  defendant  to  appear  on  a  given  day.  Cf.  Horat.  Sat.  i.  9,  36." 
In  modern  legal  phrase,  "  enlarges  the  defendant's  recognizances." 


154  NOTES. 

214.  Gemimus.  Some  MSS.,  including  P.,  read  geminus,  which  is 
a  manifest  error,  although  adopted  by  Heinrich  and  Weidner. 

215.  Ardet.   Impersonal ;  or  supply  domus. 

Qui  donet,  qui  conferat.  Relative  pronoun  with  the  subj  unctive, 
denoting  purpose. 

217.  Euphranor  was  a  very  distinguished  statuary  and  painter, 
born  at  Corinth,  but  pursuing  his  calling  at  Athens,  in  the  times  of 
Philip  and  Alexander  of  Macedon.  —  The  elder  Polycleitus  is  prob- 
ably the  one  here  meant.  He  was  a  contemporary  of  Pericles,  and 
an  artist  of  the  very  highest  rank ;  a  statuary  in  bronze,  a  sculptor 
in  marble,  an  architect,  and  an  artist  in  toreutic.  He  is  classed  by 
Socrates  (Xen.  Mem.  14,  3)  with  Homer,  Sophocles,  and  Zeuxis. 

218.  Phaecasiatorum  —  deorum,  antique  ornaments  of  white-shoed 
gods.  The  right  reading  of  this  verse  can  hardly  be  asserted  with 
confidence.  Most  of  the  MSS.  have  phaecasianorum  or  fecasianorum  ; 
P.,  S.,  followed  by  Hermann,  Ribbeck,  Macleane,  Weidner,  haee 
Asianorum;  Jahn  takes  the  liberty  to  alter  the  gender  of  the  pro- 
noun, and  reads  hie  Asianorum.  I  follow  Mayor  in  adopting  Roth's 
conjecture  based  on  the  prevailing  MS.  reading.  Professor  H.  A.  J. 
Munro  gives  Mayor  a  note,  opposing  Jahn's  hie  Asianorum,  in  which 
he  says,  "  I  cannot  help  suspecting  that  phaecasia  in  some  form  or 
other  should  come  in,  as  this  word  is  not  uncommon  in  Latin  to  ex- 
press apparently  some  luxurious  kind  of  shoe." 

219.  Forulos  mediamque  Minervam,  book-cases,  and,  among  the 
books,  a  statue  of  Minerva.  Macleane  wrongly  translates  "  and  a 
bust  of  Minerva;  "  as  K.  Fr.  Hermann  has  shown,  medius  is  used  as 
equivalent  to  dimidius  "  only  in  the  Scrip,  r.  r.  and  hist.  Aug.  Cas. 
ad  Jul.  Capitol,  p.  109." 

220.  Reponit.    He  replaces  his  losses  with  etc. 

221.  Persious  is  the  occupant  of  the  "  house  of  Asturicus  "  (verse 
212),  which  may  have  been  so  called  from  a  former  owner. 

Orborum  lautissimus,  the  most  sumptuous  of  childless  men.  It 
was  because  he  was  orbus,  that  the  captatores  paid  him  court. 

223.  The  Ludi  Circenses  or  Magni  were  celebrated  annually,  and 
consisted  of  horse-,  chariot-,  and  foot-races,  sham  fights  (both  land 
and  water),  wrestling,  boxing,  and  fighting  with  beasts,  as  well  as 
feats  of  horsemanship.     Macleane. 

223-4.  Three  small  towns  in  Latium  are  here  named. 

226.  Hie.  I.  e.  in  the  country.  (In  the  places  /  am  speaking 
about.) 

227.  Tenuis.    Accusative  plural. 


8ATIRE    III.  155 

229.  The  Pythagoreans  were  forbidden  animal  food. 

231.  A  humorous  extenuation  of  the  pleasures  of  ownership,  es- 
pecially of  owning  landed  property.  Many  words  have  b^en  wasted 
on  the  interpretation  of  this  verse,  by  commentators  from  the  scholiast 
down.  It  means  just  what  it  says;  but  the  being  master  of  a  lizard 
involves  being  master  of  the  ground  it  makes  its  home. 

232.  Plurimus,  many  a  one.— Hie  in  this  verse  is  of  course  in  Rome. 
— Vigilando.  The  o  is  short.  There  are  two  examples  in  Seneca, 
which,  with  this,  are  the  earliest  instances  of  short  o  in  the  ablative. 
Juvenal  has  also  octd,  ergd,  and  often  6  in  the  present  indicative  of 
verbs. 

233.  Inperfectus.   I.  e.  undigested. 

234.  Meritoria,  hired  lodgings. 

236.  Redarum.  Either  private  carriages  or  stage-coaches.  As  a 
rule,  carriages  were  not  allowed  to  be  used  in  the  streets  of  Rome  in 
the  daytime,  and  travellers  were  obliged  to  set  out  from,  arrive  at,  or 
pass  through  the  city  in  the  night.  Cf.  Friedland  Sittengesch,  i. 
45  sq. 

237.  Convicia  (con  and  vec,  a  form  of  voo  the  root  of  vox;  San- 
scrit vak),  "any  confused  din;"  here  including  "  both  the  drovers' 
abuse  and  the  lowing  of  the  herds." 

Mandra  is  a  cattle-pen,  or  sheep-fold,  here  used  by  metonymy  for 
the  animals  themselves;  the  standing  cattle  =the  horses,  mules,  or 
other  animals  stopped  in  the  street.  Hermann  thinks  that  flocks  of 
sheep  are  meant,  disturbing  slumber  by  their  bleating. 

238.  The  Emperor  Tiberius  Claudius  Drusus  was  notorious  for  his 
addiction  to  sleep.  Pliny  says  of  seals  nullum  animal  graviore 
somno  premitur. 

239.  Officium  is  here  used  for  the  man's  attendance  on  the  great 
or  rich.     Macleane. 

240.  Ingenti  Liburno,  borne  by  huge  Libumians.  Literally, 
"  Liburnian ;"  Hermann  compares  Ovid.  Fast.  iii.  29:  principis 
Corpora ;  and  Heroid.  xvi.  366  :  innumerus  miles.  For  the  ablative, 
see  note  on  Sat.  i.  13.  Macleane  takes  it  as  dative  of  reference,  after 
super  ora.  Our  reading  is  that  of  Pw,  followed  by  Hermann,  Rib- 
beck,  Macleane,  and  H.  A.  J.  Munro  (note  in  Mayor's  edition). 
Jahn,  Weidner,  Mayor,  read  libuma  after  S  twhere  the  reading  is 
corrupt  and  doubtful)  and  h;  understanding  the  word  of  a  large 
litter  (octophoron)  borne  by  Liburnian  slaves,  and  humorously  called 
lihuma  or  "  swift-sailer,"  as  we  might  say  "clipper." 

242.  The  fenestra  is  simply  the  opening  in  the  curtains. 


156  NOTES. 

243.  Ante.   I.  e.  "  before  poor  people  who  are  bent  on  the  same 

errand." 
Tamen,  yet ;  nevertheless.     (Although  he  takes  things  so  easily.) 
244  sq.    The  throngs  of  people   before   and  behind  hinder  our 

passage.     On  unda  cf.  Verg.  Georg.  ii.  461-2  : 

Si  non  ingentem  foribus  domus  alta  superbis 
Mane  salutantum  totis  vomit  aedibus  undam. 

248.  Clavus,  hob-nail.  "The  common  soldiers  and  inferior  officers 
wore  heavy  shoes,  caligae,  studded  with  hob-nails."    Cf.  Sat.  xvi.  24. 

249.  Quanto  celebretur  sportula  funio.  With  what  clouds  of 
smoke  they  crowd  around  the  sportula.  The  dole  appears  to  have 
been  sometimes  taken  away  in  the  afternoon,  although  the  clients' 
salutation  to  the  great  man  was  paid  in  the  morning.  So  Hermann 
and  most  commentators.  Weidner  follows  Buttmann  (in  Seebodes 
Biblioth.  1821, 1,  396)  in  supposing  that  a  cena  collaticia  or  "  pieniq," 
Selnvov  and  omipifos,  is  here  referred  to.  The  smoke,  with  either  expla- 
nation, comes  from  the  charcoal  in  thefoculi  gestabiles  or  culinae. 

250.  Convivae.  Ironical.  "  They  ought  to  be  the  great  man's 
guests,  and  he  puts  them  off  with  a  mess  of  meat." 

Culina.  A  kind  of  brazier  or  portable  kitchen  which  kept  things 
carried  in  it  warm. 

251.  Cn.  Domitius  Corbulo,  a  Roman  general,  is  described  by 
Tacitus  {Ann.  xiii.  8)  as  corpore  ingens.  His  name  may  have  become 
a  synonyme  for  any  strong  man. 

254.  Sartae  modo,  that  have  just  been  patched. 

255.  Quintilian  (viii.  3,  21)  calls  serracum  a  "sordidum  nomen" 
for  plaustrum. 

257.  Saxa  Ligustica.  Marbles  from  the  quarries  of  Luna  (near 
the  modern  Carrara)  and  Pisa,  much  used  in  Rome  both  for  sculp- 
ture and  building. 

261.  More  animae,  like  his  breath.  Some  translate  "  like  his  soul " 
or  "  like  his  life." 

Domus,  his  household. 

Secura.  (Notice,  in  the  Lexicons,  the  exact  meaning  of  this  word.) 

262.  (Find,  by  scanning  the  verse,  whether  bucca  is  nominative 
or  ablative.) 

Sonat,  clatters,  rings. 

263.  StriglibviB  =  strigilibus.  Many  forms  thus  shortened  passed 
into  the  Romance  languages,  e.  g.  frigdus,  froid ;  caldus,  chaud ; 
anglus,  angle.  Translate,  flesh-scrapers.  They  were  curved  instru- 
ments of  metal,  bone,  or  wood,  used  for  removing  oil  and  perspiration 


SATIRE    III.  157 

from  the  body  after  bathing.  Gutus  (or  guttus),  ail-flask,  was  a 
flask  with  a  long  thin  neck,  often  made  of  horn,  used  here  for  drop* 
j)inir  oil  over  the  body.  The  lintea  are  towels.  The  servants  are 
making  these  preparations  for  their  master,  as  it  was  the  custom  to 
bathe  before  taking  the  MMK 

264.  Pueros,  the  slaves.    Ille  is,  of  course,  the  master. 

265.  Kipa.   I.  e.  of  the  Styx. 

266.  Porthmea.   I.  e.  Charon;  "portitor"  in  Virgil. 

Alnum.  I.  e.  Charon's  bo  at.  That  these  fables  were  not  generally 
believed  in,  appears  from  Sat.  ii.  149  sqq. : 

Esse  aliquos  manes  et  subterranea  regna, 
Cocytum  et  Sty^io  raiias  in  guiglta  ni,rras, 
Atque  una  tran.sire  vaduni  tot  niilia  rumba, 
Nee  pueri  credunt,  nisi  qui  nouduin  acre  lavantur. 

(The  words  nondum  a  err  lavantur  refer  to  the  fact  that  children 
■■ider  four  years  of  age  were  admitted  to  the  public  baths  gratui- 
tously.)    Cf.  Cic.  Tune.  Disp.  i.  5,  6. 

267.  Trientem.  A  copper  coin,  the  third  of  an  as,  used  here  to 
represent  the  obol,  which  was  placed  in  the  mouths  of  the  dead  among 
the  Greeks  as  Charon's  fare. 

269.  Quod  spatium  tectis  sublimibus,  what  a  distance  (here  is 
fr  vi  the  lofty  roofs  to  the  street.  Augustus  limited  the  height  of 
(MNnea  to  seventy  feet;  Trajan  afterwards  to  sixty. 

269-271.  The  interrogative  adjective  pronoun,  quod,  and  the  inter- 
rogative adverb  quotiens  and  adj.  quaiito,  depend  upon  respice. 

270.  Testa,  a  tile. 

Fenestra,  French  fenUre,  German  Femter. 

272.  Silicem.    I.  e.  the  pavement. 

273.  Notice  the  spondee  in  the  fifth  foot  in  conjunction  with  the 
monosyllabic  ending  of  the  verse. 

274  sq.  Adeo,  etc.,  so  true  is  it :  or,  so  surely  is  it  the  case  that  as 
many  fatal  chances  await  you  as  there  are  wakeful  windows  open  on 
that  DJght,  etc  "  Wakeful  windows"  are,  of  course,  the  windows  of 
chamber*  whose  occupant*  are  still  awake.  Tin- windows  ("wind- 
doors";  opened,  like  doors,  on  hinges;  as  so  often  now  in  Europe. 

276,  277.  Of  the  two  wretched  alternatives,  you  can  only  hope  that 
they  will  empty  the  foul  contents  of  their  basins  upon  you,  rather 
than  endanger  your  life  by  dropping  the  vessels  themselves  upon 
your  head. 

279.  Dat  poenas,  suffers  tortures.  There  is  something  very  humor- 
O 


158  NOTES. 

ous,  as  Lewis  says,  in  this  comparison  between  this  insolent  fellow, 
who  has  not  found  any  one  t©  pummel,  and  Achilles,  who  has  lost  his 
friend  Patroclus  (Horn.  II.  xxiv.  9-11).  "He  longs  to  thump  some 
innocent  passer-by,  as  Achilles  longed  to  kill  Hector."  We  can  fancy 
him  complaining,  like  Mercury  in  the  Amphitryon  of  Moliere  (cited 
by  Lemaire) : 

"  Depuis  plus  d'une  semaine 
Je  n'ai  trouvS  personne  5  qui  rompre  les  os; 
La  vigueur  de  mon  bras  se  perd  dans  le  repos; 
Et  je  chevche  quelque  dos 
Pour  me  reruettre  en  haleine." 

281  sq.  Can  he  not  sleep,  then,  without  all  this,  you  will  ask.  No ; 
some  men  can  sleep  only  after  a  broil.  Eibbeck,  Heinecke,  and 
Euperti  regard  line  281  as  spurious.  Gifford  cites  here  Proverbs 
iv.  15. — Ergo.   The  o,  also  in  ix.  82  ;  elsewhere  in  Juvenal,  o. 

282.  Improbus,  insolent,  impudent,  saucy,  hot-headed. 

282  sqq.  The  wanton  Mohock,  "flushed  as  he  is  with  folly,  youth, 
and  wine,"  confines  his  "  prudent  insults  "  to  the  poor.  (So  Johnson's 
paraphrase.) 

283.  The  scarlet  laena,  thick  and  warm,  which  was  worn  by  the 
rich,  was  dyed  with  the  "  coccum  "  or  cochineal. 

285.  Aenea.  Of  Corinthian  bronze  and  costly  workmanship. 

287.  Candelae  were  cheap  candles  or  torches  of  rope  dipped  in 
wax,  tallow,  or  pitch.  Sometimes  the  wick  was  of  rush.— Dispenso 
et  tempero.  I.  e.  I  husband  and  check  from  burning  too  fast.   ( Mayor.) 

288.  Cognosce,  hear  me  tell. 

292.  Aceto,  sour  wine  ;  or  vinegar  mixed  with  water  (posca),  which 
was  a  usual  drink  of  the  soldiers  and  common  people. 

293.  "  Porrum,  leek,  was  either  sectile  or  capitatum.  When 
intended  to  be  sectile  it  was  sown  thickly,  and  the  blades  were  cut 
(secabantur)  as  they  shot  up,  like  asparagus.  The  reveller  abuses 
his  victim  for  his  foul  breath." 

296.  Tell  me,  where  is  your  stand  f  (whether  for  begging  or  for 
selling.)     In  what  Jewish  oratory  am  I  to  look  for  you  f 

Quaero.  Present,  where  we  should  expect  the  future.  This  is 
more  striking  than  the  inceptive  present,  which  denotes  the  begin- 
ning of  an  act,  and  even  than  the  conative  present,  to  which,  how- 
ever, it  is  allied.  As  Key  says  (Lat.  Gram.  457),  the  present  in 
Latin  is  sometimes  used  when  "  the  mind  alone  "  is  as  yet  employed 
upon  the  action,  "or  the  matter  at  best  is  only  in  preparation;  as 
'  uxorem  ducit/  he  is  going  to  be  married" 


SATIRE    III.  159 

298.  Vadimonia  faciunt.  They  bind  you  over  to  appear  in  court; 
as  though  they  were  the  aggrieved  parties,  they  threaten  thoy  will 
have  the  law  on  you.    (Cf.  v.  213.)    "  Les  battus  paient  l'amende." 

303.  Derit.  Ribbeck,  Weidner,  Mayor  give  this  contracted  form 
for  deerit. 

304.  "  Shops  and  houses  were  barred  at  night,  and  the  bar  secured 
by  a  chain." 

Compago,  fastening,  "  the  fittings  of  the  folding-doors."  From  com 
and  pango  (root  pag),  to  fasten,  fix. 

305.  Grassator,  a  street-robber,  footpad. 
Agit  rem,  goes  to  work,  plies  his  trade. 

306  sqq.  The  Pontine  marsh,  and  the  Gallinarian  wood  (of  pine 
trees,  on  the  coast  of  Campania,  near  Cumae :  cf.  Cic.  ad  Jam.  ix.  23) 
were  well  adapted  for  robbers.  When  they  were  effectively  held  by 
soldiers,  the  robbers,  beaten  out  of  their  accustomed  haunts,  flocked 
to  Rome  "  as  a  gentleman  goes  to  his  preserves  to  shoot." 

"Les  voleurs  &  l'instant  s'empitrent  de  la  ville : 
Le  bois  le  plus  funeste  et  le  moins  frCquente 
Est,  au  prix  de  Paris,  un  lieu  de  surete." 

(Boileau's  paraphrase,  cited  by  Lemaire.) 

309.  The  negative  belongs  with  quafornace  as  well  as  qua  incude. 
The  regular  order  would  have  been  qua  fornace,  qua  incude,  non 
conficiuntur  graves  catenae? 

313.  Sub  tribunis.  I.  e.  in  the  republic. 

314.  TJno  carcere.    The  Mamertine  prison. 

315.  Poteram.  This  is  the  imperfect  of  unfulfilled  action  ;  I  could, 
but  do  not  (on  account  of  want  of  time).  Cf.  Key's  Lat.  Gram.  1257 ; 
Gildersleeve,  246,  R.  2;  Madvig  348,  1. 

317.  Jandudum.    So  Jahn  after  P  ;  p,  iam  dudum. 

319.  Refici  reddet.  The  prose  construction  would  be  reddet  refi- 
ciendum  or  ut  reficiaris. 

320.  Ceres  and  Diana  were  both  worshipped  at  Aqninum,  a  muni- 
cipium  (Cic.  Phil.  ii.  106)  or  colony  (Plin.  H.  N.  iii.  9)  in  Latium  on 
the  via  Latina,  near  the  river  Mel  pis.  No  satisfactory  explanation 
has  been  given  of  the  epithet  Helvina  here  applied  to  Ceres. 

321  seq.  If  your  satires  are  not  ashamed  of  me,  I  will  put  on  my 
hob-nailed  shoes,  and  come  for  their  help  to  your  cool  fields.  — 
Macleane  is  probably  right  in  rejecting  "  the  notion  of  the  commen- 
tators about  Umbricius's  going  to  Juvenal  dressed  like  a  soldier," 
(the  caligae  being  worn  by  soldiers,)  "  to  do  service  in  the  ranks  and 
help  him  attack  the  follies  of  the  age." 


SATIEE    IV. 


ARGUMENT. 

1-36.  Crispinus  here  again !  and  I  must  often  being  him  on  the 
stage,  a  monster  with  no  virtue  by  which  to  ransom  himself  from 
the  vices  which  enslave  him.  What  avails  all  his  wealth  and  pomp  ? 
No  wicked  man  is  happy,  least  of  all  one  so  utterly  impure.  But 
now  of  smaller  matters.  He  bought  a  mullet  of  six  pounds  for  as 
many  sestertia :  not  as  a  present,  for  some  crafty  end,  but  for  him- 
self. He,  the  Egyptian  slave !  a  fish  that  cost  more  than  the  man 
that  caught  it,  or  than  an  estate  in  the  provinces  or  Apulia.  When 
so  costly  a  dainty  was  but  a  side-dish  on  the  table  of  this  upstart, 
who  used  to  cry  stale  fish  from  his  native  country,  what  must  we  not 
look  for  in  the  emperor  ?  Begin,  Calliope !  nay,  keep  your  seat;  you 
need  not  stand  up  to  sing ;  tell  a  true  tale,  ye  Muses  chaste  and 
young;  and  since  I  call  you  so,  give  me  your  favor. 

37-71.  In  Domitian's  reign,  the  huge  bulk  of  a  rhombus,  large  as 
the  Byzantine,  fell  into  a  fisherman's  net  off  Ancona.  The  captor, 
making  a  merit  of  necessity,  destines  it  for  the  chief  pontiff,  —  for 
the  shores  were  full  of  informers,  —  and  hurries  with  it  to  the  Alban 
villa.  Here  a  crowd  admiring  stops  him ;  when  it  parts  the  doors  fly 
open  ;  the  senate  waits  without.  Brought  to  the  great  man,  he  begs 
him  accept  the  fish  as  one  reserved  for  his  times  and  eager  for  the 
honor  of  being  served  up  at  his  table.  What  flattery  could  be  grosser  ? 
and  yet  Domitian's  feathers  rise.  72-129.  But  where  find  a  dish 
capacious  enough  to  contain  the  fish  ?  This  is  a  point  for  a  council 
of  state  to  determine.  A  council  is  summoned.  First  comes  Pegasus, 
the  city's  bailiff —  for  what  else  then  were  prefects  ?  —  an  upright 
judge,  but  much  too  merciful  for  the  times  he  lived  in.  Pleasant  old 
Crispus  next,  whose  heart  was  like  his  speech,  a  man  of  gentle 
temper;  an  excellent  companion  for  the  world's  master,  if  he  might 
speak  his  honest  mind.  But  who  dare  so  speak  to  such  a  tyrant, 
when  on  every  trivial  sentence  hung  one's  life  ?  Crispus  was  not  the 
man  to  swim  against  the  stream,  and  risk  his  life  for  truth  :  and  so 
he  lived  in  safety  eighty  years.  Then  comes  Acilius,  with  his  son, 
who  is  one  day  to  fall  a  victim  to  the  tyrant's  jealousy  (for  nobility 
and  great  age  have  long  been  strangers),  which  he  in  vain  endeavors 

160 


SATIRE    IV.  161 

to  lull  by  devoting  himself  to  sports  unworthy  of  his  birth.  Next, 
and,  though  not  marked  out  by  noble  birtli  for  Doinitian's  hatred, 
not  less  alarmed,  comes  Rubrius,  guilty  of  a  foul  offence,  but  impu- 
dent as  the  catamite  who  writes  satires.  Then  come  Montanus  with 
his  belly  huge,  and  the  scented  fop  Crispinus  reeking  with  perfumes ; 
the  informer  Pompeius  too,  whose  softest  whisper  was  a  dagger ;  and 
Fuscus,  who  dreamt  of  wars  in  his  marble  villa,  and  kept  his  vitals 
for  the  Dacian  vultures.  Crafty  Veiento  then,  and  Catullus,  whose 
blindness  preserved  him  not  from  lust  —  a  conspicuous  monster  even 
for  our  times,  whose  ready  adulation  might  quality  him  to  gain  his 
living  as  a  beggar:  none  admires  the  fish  so  much  as  he,  though 
indeed  he  turns  to  the  left  to  admire,  while  the  creature  lies  on  his 
ri^ht;  — in  the  same  way  he  is  wont  to  praise  the  fighters  and  the. 
liftge  tricks  in  the  theatre.  Veiento  finds  in  the  capture  of  the  foreign ' 
fish  an  omen  of  triumph  over  some  foreign  king  ;  and  he  can  almost 
tell  the  animal's  country  and  its  age.  130-149.  "  Well,  now,"  says 
the  Sire,  "  what  think  ye  ?  is  it  to  be  cut  ?  "  "  Nay,"  says  Montanus, 
"far  be  such  disgrace!  Let's  get  a  noble  dish  to  put  it  in,  Pro- 
metheus too  to  make  it ;  haste,  clay  and  wheel !  henceforth,  O  Caesar, 
potters  must  attend  your  court."  His  motion,  worthy  of  a  palate 
trained  at  Nero's  table,  was  adopted ;  no  one  has  beat  him  in  my 
time  in  gastronomic  lore.  He  'd  tell  you  at  a  taste  where  an  oyster 
came  from,  and  declare  at  sight  an  echinus'  native  coast.  The  council 
is  dismissed,  having  been  convoked  in  as  headlong  haste  as  thoaofa 
some  war  had  broken  out.  150-154.  And  would  that,  engrossed  with 
such  fooleries,  Domitian  had  wanted  time  for  the  murder  of  Rome's 
nobles,  whom  he  slew  with  impunity  until  the  rabble  began  to  fear 
him.  —  Mayok  and  Maclean e,  in  part. 


1.  Crispinus.   See  i.  27,  note. 

2.  Ad  partes  (sustineudas),  to  piny  his  part.  "  I  must  often  bring 
him  on  the  stage."    . 

4.  Deliciae,  "a  rake"  (Mayor) ;  or,  with  more  sarcasm,  the  pretty 
darling;  the  jackanape.  The  reading  here  given  is  the  best  sup- 
ported. 

Viduas,  unmarried  women ;  "  women  without  husbands,  whether 
they  had  ever  had  one  or  not." 

Tantum  (only,  alone)  modifies  viduas. 

Spernatur.  From  the  deponent  spernor,  a  very  rare  form.  Another 
raiding  is  aspernatur. 

6.  The  rich  built  private  porticoes  (i.  e.  covered  walks  or  colon- 
nades), under  whose  shelter  they  took  drives  in  bad  weather. 
"Fatiget  is  a  poetical  word  in  this  connection.  Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  i. 
316." 

11  — Juv.  02 


162  NOTES. 

Vectetur.  "  Is  carried  about  in  his  lectica  or  sella." 
7.  Supply  vicinas  foro  with  aedes.  So  Jahn  and  others. 
9  sq.  Incest  was  committed  either  with  virgines  sacratae  or  pro- 
pinquae  sanguine  (Isidor.  Orig.  v.  26,  24,  cited  by  Mayor).  "  Of 
such  incest  (with  a  vestal  virgin)  Crispinus  had  been  guilty,  but  was 
screened  from  punishment  by  Domitiau.  Unchaste  Vestals  were 
carried  out  on  a  litter  to  the  Colline  gate,  and  there  immured  in  a 
chamber  under  ground,  no  sacrifices  being  offered." 

12.  Idem  refers  to  the  leviora  facta. 

Caderet  sub  judice  morum  =  damnarettir  a  censore  (S.).  Cf. 
Nagelsbach's  Stilistik  127,  1.  Domitian  took  upon  himself  the 
censorship  for  life ;  being  the  first  of  the  emperors  who  assumed  that 
office. 

13.  (Lucius)  Titius  and  (Gaius)  Seius  were  the  "  John  Doe  and 
Richard  Roe "  of  the  Roman  law-books;  German  "Hinz  und 
Kunz." 

14.  Quid  agas,  etc.  What  are  yon  to  do  when  you  have  to  repre- 
sent a  character  whose  crimes  beggar  all  description  ?  (Mayor.)  The 
indefinite  second  person.     ( See  the  Grammars.) 

15.  Crimine,  accusation,  charge. 

Sex  milibus,  for  six  thousand  sesterces,  or  six  sestertia  ;  about  $230 
in  our  gold. 

16.  The  pounds  in  the  mullet  equalled  the  sestertia  paid ;  i.  e.  it 
weighed  six  pounds.  The  mullet  was  esteemed  in  proportion  to  its 
size.    The  ordinary  weight  was  two,  or  at  most  four,  pounds. 

Sane,  it  is  true.     "  Said  ironically,  as  though  in  excuse." 

18.  Artificis,  the  crafty  contriver ;  the  artful  fellow. 

19.  Praecipuam  in  tabulis  ceram,  the  chief  place  in  the  will.  Cf. 
Hor.  Sat.  ii.  5,  53.  "A  will  was  usually  contained  in  three  tablets 
(prima,  secunda,  and  ima  cera  or  tabula),  in  the  first  two  of  which 
were  entered  the  names  of  the  heredes,  and  in  the  third  those  of  the 
'substitute/  who  took  in  the  event  of  any  heres  being  disqualified." 

20.  Est  ratio  ulterior,  there  is  a  motive  which  goes  still  further, — 
a  motive  beyond  that.  He  hopes  to  gain  something  through  the 
influence  of  the  "  magna  arnica,"  as  well  as  from  herself. 

21.  Cluso  (P,  s)  =  clauso  (w). 

Specularibus.  Windows  of  lapis  specularis  (mica  or  talc).  Glass 
too  was  known  to  the  ancients  ;  "  panes  of  glass  having  been  found 
at  Herculaneum,  Pompeii,  Velleia." 

Antro.  **  Her  closed  up  den  "  is  her  sella. 

23.  Apicius,  called  here  in  bitterly  ironical  comparison  with  Cris- 


SATIRE    IV.  163 

pinus  "  sordid  and  niggardly"  "  poor  frugal  man,"  was  a  notoriously 
extravagant  gourmand  in  the  reigns  of  Augustus  and  Tiberius. 
Hoc,  pretio  (25). 

24.  Crispinus  had  been  a  slave  in  Egypt  (Sat.  i.  26) ;  hence  patria. 
Cheap  clothing  was  sometimes  made  of  the  coarser  kind  of  papyrus. 
Plin.  H.  N.  xiii.  22  (11) :  ex  ipso  quidem  papyro  navigia  texunt;  et 
e  libro  vela  tegetesque  nee  non  et  vestem,  etiam  stragulam  ac  funes. 
"  In  such  coarse  garments,  tucked  up  as  the  manner  of  slaves  was 
(Hor.  Sat.  ii.  8,  10),  Crispinus  used  to  appear  in  former  days." 
Ruperti,  citing  Anacreon  iv.  4  sq.,  understands  papyro  not  of  the 
tunic,  but  of  a  cord,  passing  round  the  neck,  by  which  the  tunic  was 
held  up  when  the  wearer  was  succinctus. 

25.  Hoc  pretio  squamam,  sc.  emisti.  This  reading  [Valla,  Cm- 
meras  ad  schol.)  is  adopted  by  Jahn  and  by  most  of  the  recent  editors. 
Pw  read  hoc  pretio  squamae,  and  so  Lewis.  Macleane,  after  a  few 
MSS.,  hoc  pretium  squamae.  H.  A.  J.  Munro,  in  a  note  furnished 
Mayor,  asks,  "Is  it  certain  that  the  MS.  reading  (23,  25)  will  not 
do?  hoc  tu!  .  .  .  .  hoc  pretio  squamae!  i.  e.  hoc  tufecisti  !  hoc  pretio 
sqwimae  emptae  sunt!"  —  Notice  the  humorous  exaggeration  in 
saying  a  fish  scale  for  a  fish. 

26  sq.  In  the  provinces  you  may  buy  an  estate  for  the  money,  but 
a  still  larger  one  in  Apulia.  (Land  in  Apulia  brought  a  low  price.) 
Notice  the  use  of  sed  in  the  sense  of  and  moreover  or  yes,  and.  But 
why  do  I  say  "  the  provinces"  in  general,  when  in  Apulia,  where 
land  is  cheap,  you  could  get  a  lordly  domain  for  that  sum  ?  Cf.  Ov. 
Met.  viii.  283 :  misit  aprum,  quanto  maiores  herbida  tauros  non  habet 
Epiros,  sed  habent  Sicula  arva  minores.  Mart.  ix.  42,  3  :  scelus  est, 
mihi  crede,  sed  ingens.  Plaut.  Bud.  799:  dae.  duas  clavas.  la. 
clavas?  dae.  set  probas.  So  often  mais  in  French.  Cf.  Moliere 
L'Avare  iii.  9  :  vous  etes  un  astre,  mais  un  astre  le  plus  bel  astre  qui 
soit  dans  le  pays  des  astres. 

28.  Putamus.  Notice  the  indicative.  There  is  no  doubt  implied 
in  the  question,  and  no  deliberation  is  needed  for  its  answer. 

29.  Juvenal  uses  the  archaic  and  dignified  form  induperator,  for 
imprrntor,  with  mock  gravity. 

30.  De  margine.  As  we  say,  from  the  side-dishes  ;  as  opposed  to 
tin-  caput  poena*,  or  principal  dish  (at  large  dinners  commonly  a 
wild  boar),  in  the  middle  of  the  board. 

31.  Purpureas.    Cf.  Sat.  i.  27. 

Palati.  "  The  palace  which  the  successive  emperors  occupied  was 
on  the  Palatine  hill." 


164  NOTES. 

32.  Princeps  equitum,  i.  e.  praefectas  praetorio.  Cf.  Veil.  ii.  127, 
47  ;  Suet.  Galb.  14,  Casaub.     (Mayor.) 

33.  Municipes  fracta  de  merce  siluros,  the  sheat-fish  of  his  town- 
ship from  his  damaged  wares.  For  fracta  Ribbeck  (after  C.  Barth ) 
reads  farcta,  understanding  it  of  cured-fish  closely  packed.  Various 
unnecessary  emendations  have  been  proposed. 

34  sq.  You  need  not  rise,  as  you  would  for  poetry  and  song ;  I  only 
ask  a  plain  narrative  of  facts. 

37.  Jam  (by  this  time)  limits  semianimum  (pronounced  here 
"  semyanimum"). 

Flavius.  The  full  name  of  Domitian  was  Titus  Flavius  Domi- 
tianus  Caesar  Augustus.  He  was  the  third  Flavius.  Though  he 
was  the  last  emperor  who  had  borne  the  gentilician  name  of  Flavius 
when  this  satire  was  written,  all  the  Constantines  were  Flavii. 
Macleane. 

38.  Calvo.  Domitian  was  very  sensitive  about  his  baldness.  Juve- 
nal calls  him  a  Nero,  to  intimate  that  he  was  as  bad  a  man  as  that 
tyrant.  With  still  greater  sarcasm  Tertullian  {De  Pall.  4)  calls  him 
Subnero.  /i\ 

39.  Incidit.  "Sinus"  is  the  object  of  this  verb  as  well  as  of 
implevit :  "  incidit  in  sinus  retis  eosque  implevit,"  fell  into  the  meshy 
folds  and  filled  them.    See  Niigelsbach,  90,  3. 

Adriaci  spatium  admirabile  rhombi.  This  is  like  Crispi  jucunda 
senectus  (81) ;  mite  Thaletis  ingenium  (xiii.  184).  u  The  rhombus  is 
usually  supposed  to  have  been  a  turbot,  but  it  is  uncertain;  it  was  a 
flat  fish." 

40.  Ancon,  the  modern  Ancona,  was  founded  by  refugees  from 
Syracuse,  which  was  a  Dorian  city.  Here  was  a  temple  of  Venus, 
the  tutelar  deity  of  the  place,  built  probably  upon  a  height,  whence 
sustinet,  holds  up. 

41.  Haeserat  (sc.  sinubus),  had  been  caught. 
Illis,  sc.  rhombis.    Ablative. 

42.  43.  "  The  turbots  of  the  Black  Sea  were  supposed  to  get  fat 
and  big  by  hibernating."  —  Torrentis  (S),  rapid,  streaming,  is  un- 
questionably the  true  reading.  So  Madvig  and  the  best  editors. 
The  MSS.  torpentis. 

46.  The  office  of  pontifex  maximus  was  always  borne  by  the 
emperors  from  Augustus  downwards  for  about  four  centuries.  Juve- 
nal uses  just  this  title  here  partly  in  scorn,  and  partly  perhaps  be- 
cause the  pontifical  dinners  were  proverbial  for  luxury. 

Proponere,  to  offer  for  sale. 


SATIRE    IV.  165 

48-52.  Delatore.  There  were  informers  all  along  the  coast,  who 
poked  into  the  very  weeds  for  something  to  tell  about,  and  they 
would  soon  call  the  poor  fisherman  to  account,  and  would  be  ready 
to  swear  they  knew  the  fish  by  sight,  and  that  it  had  got  away  from 
the  emperor's  preserves,  and  must  be  sent  back  to  its  old  master. 
(Macleane.) 

Agerent  cum,  would  take  the  law  of. 

53.  Palfurius  and  Armillatus  were  jurists  and  notorious  informers. 

55.  Fisci,  of  the  imperial  treasury. 
Donabitur,  sc.  piscis. 

56.  Ne  pereat,  lest  it  should  be  lost ;  lest  the  captor  should  lose  all 
profit  from  it. — Letifero.  In  autumn  the  pestilential  south  wind 
(auster)  prevailed. 

67.  Quartanam  sperantibus  aegris.  The  patients  hope  that  their 
disease  will  assume  a  milder  form  as  the  cold  weather  comes  on.  Cic. 
ad  Fam.  xvi.  11,  1:  cum  in  quartanam  con  versa  vis  est  morbi,  .... 
sperote,  diligentia  adhibita,  etiam  firmiorem  fore. 

58.  Becentem,  fresh,  untainted.    So  kept  by  the  cold. 

59.  Hie,  "  our  man ;  "  the  fisherman. 

60.  Lacu8.  The  plural  either  means  "the  broad  bosom  of^he 
lake" — (the  Alban  lake  lies  directly  under  the  site  of  Domitian's 
villa) — or  comprehends  the  lake  of  Nemi  also,  if  not  other  lakes 
now  dry.  See  Orelli  on  Horat.  Carm.  iv.  1,  19.  It  should  be  re- 
marked, however,  that  Pliny  speaks  of  the  Vallericcia  (which  had 
been  a  lake  in  ancient  times,  and  was  again  in  the  Middle  Ages)  as 
dry  in  his  day. 

Diruta,  etc.  Alba  was  destroyed  by  Tullus  Hostilius,  but  the 
temples  were  spared. 

61.  Minorem.  The  lesser  as  compared  with  the  great  temple  at 
Rome. 

63.  Cessit,  sc.  turba  miratrix. 

64.  Patres.  Domitiau  used  to  convene  the  senate  at  his  Alban 
house. 

65.  Atriden.  A  sarcastic  assimilation  of  Domitian  to  Agamemnon, 
—  a  model  in  the  Roman  poets  of  the  dominus  siiperbissimus,  on 
account  of  his  sacrificing  Iphigenia,  and  his  arrogance  towards 
Achilles. 

Picens.  Ancon  was  in  Picenum. 

66.  Majora,  things  too  great  for. 

Genialis,  etc.,  let  this  day  be  celebrated  to  your  Genius.  "  The 
genius  is  the  divine  element  which  is  born  with  a  man,  and  when  he 


166  NOTES. 

dies  becomes  a  lar,  if  he  is  good ;  if  he  is  wicked,  a  larva,  or  a  lemur. 
Departed  genii  were  called  manes  — '  good  fellows '  —  doubtless  with 
a  view  to  propitiation."  (Gildersleeve,  on  Pers.  ii.  3.)  See  note  on 
Hor.  Ep.  ii.  2,  187.  To  give  one's  self  to  feasting  and  personal  in- 
dulgence was  called  genio  indulgere  or  obsequi,  genium  curare  or 
placare,  while  the  opposite  was  genium  defraudare. 

67.  Stomachum  laxare  saginans,  " '  to  let  your  stomach  out  by 
cramming  it?  '  give  yourself  a  good  blow-out.'  "  H.  A.  J.  Munro, 
who  joins  with  Mayor  in  giving  this  text :  "  as  saginam  and  saginas 
are  the  best  attested  readings,  saginans  may  be  right."  Jahn  gives 
(also  from  conjecture)  saginae,  with  the  sense  "  relieve  your  stomach 
(by  means  of  emetics)  for  a  good  meal." 

69  sq.  Quid  apertius  ?  (what  flattery  could  be  more  glaring?)  et 
tamen  illi  surgebant  cristae.    Raoul  gives  the  sense  thus : 

"  Quelle  derision  !  le  despote  credule 
En  concoit  cependant  un  orgueil  ridicule.'' 

71.  Domitian  caused  all  letters  to  his  procuratores  to  begin  with 
"  Dominus  et  Deus  noster  sic  fieri  jubet."  Dis  aequa  ==  deorum 
potestati  aequa.  This  comparison  of  some  quality  of  one  person 
directly  with  another  person  or  persons  is  a  frequent  usage.  Cf.  iii. 
74.     M.  280,2;  Z.  767. 

72.  Mensura,  i.  e.  the  proper,  corresponding  size.  On  the  omission 
of  such  adjectives  see  Nagelsbach  76,  2. 

74.  Pallor,  etc.  The  very  friendship  of  the  tyrant,  wretched  no 
less  than  distinguished,  is  fraught  with  danger. 

75.  Liburno,  sc.  servo ;  the  servus  admissionis. 

76.  Rapta  =  correpta. 

77.  Pegasus  was  a  jurist  of  eminence  in  this  and  the  preceding 
reigns. 

Attonitae.  The  city  under  the  tyrant  was  mazed  with  horror, 
stupefied,  semianima  (37). 

Modo,  lately;  but  just  now. 

Vilicus  (villicus).  Juvenal  calls  the  praefectus  urbi  a  steward  or 
bailiff,  as  though  the  city  were  the  emperor's  private  estate  and  the 
people  his  slaves. 

78  sqq.  Optimus  ....  sanctissimus  {most  conscientious),  etc. 
Referring  still  to  Pegasus. 

81.  Crispi  jucunda  senectus,  the  cheerful  (pleasant,  jovial)  old  man 
Crisp  us.  He  was  an  orator  famed  for  the  pleasant,  easy  flow  of  his 
eloquence. 


SATIRE    IV.  167 

82  sq.  Mite  ingenium,  "  a  gentle  nature." 

84.  Clade  et  peste.    Applied  to  Domitian  :  abstract  for  concrete. 

85.  Si  lioeret  (ei>,  if  he  had  been  allowed.  The  imperfect  is  used 
in  the  Latin,  because  in  affirmative  narration  we  should  have  licebat 
consilium  adferre,  the  imperfect  of  a  continued  state  or  customary 
action. 

86.  Violentius,  more  irritable,  more  touchy. 

88.  Pendebat,  "  hung  suspended  in  the  balance." 

93.  Armis,  armor. 

94.  Ejusdem  aevi,  of  the  same  age  (as  Crispus).  Homo  is  often 
omitted  in  the  poets  before  such  genitives  of  quality  or  description. 

94  sq.  Acilius  ....  juvene.  M\  Acilius  Glabrio,  father  and  son, 
both  senators,  the  son  also  consul.  Domitian  caused  him  to  be  exe- 
cuted on  a  charge  of  treason,  after  he  had  fought  with  lions  (Afcrta 
Dio  Cass,  lxvii.  14)  at  the  Alban  villa,  and  come  off  uninjured. 

96.  Domini,  of  the  Sire  ;  strictly  "  of  the  lord."  Domitian  insisted 
on  receiving  this  title,  which  Augustus  and  Tiberius  declined.  The 
early  Christians  refused  to  give  it.    See  note  on  verse  71. 

Olim  est,  has  long  been.  This  use  of  olim  is  characteristic  of  the 
silver  age.  Cf.  iii.  163.  Cicero  would  say  jamdudum,  and  the 
Greeks  naXau. 

98.  Fraterculus  gigantis,  a  giant's  little  brother,  means  a  man  of 
obscure  birth.  Such  men  were  called  popularly  terrae  filii  (Tertul. 
Apol.  10),  and  the  giants  were  sons  of  Earth. 

101.  Artes  patricias.  "  The  various  arts  the  patricians  had  re- 
course to  to  save  themselves.  Glabrio's  was  that  of  degrading  him- 
self into  a  venator." 

103.  Such  a  trick  as  that  of  Brutus,  who  passed  himself  off  for  a 
fool,  might  go  down  with  Tarquinius  Superbus,  a  king  of  the  old 
days  when  they  wore  beards,  but  was  not  likely  to  impose  upon 
modern  tyrants.    (Macleane.) 

104.  Melior  vultu,  more  cheerful.  Mart.  iv.  1,  4 :  semper  et  hoc 
vultu  vel  meliore  nite. 

105.  Rubrius  Gallus,  who  is  said  to  have  corrupted  Julia  the 
daughter  of  Titus,  and  to  have  feared  that  her  uncle  would  punish 
him  for  the  crime. 

106.  Inprobrior,  more  impudent,  more  shameless  in  abusing  others, 
than  a  pathic  who  should  turn  satirist,  in  aliis  sua  vitia  repre- 
hendens. 

107.  And  now  the  big,  unwieldy  belly  of  Montanus  waddles  into 
the  hall.  This  may  be  the  Curtius  Montanus  mentioned  by  Tacitus, 
but  it  is  uncertain. 


168  NOTES. 

108.  Amomo.  A  perfume  prepared  from  the  leaves  of  a  shrub, 
supposed  to  be  the  cissus  vitiginea,  which  grew  in  India,  Armenia, 
Media,  and  Pontus.  To  go  perfumed  in  the  morning  was  an  ex- 
travagance. 

109.  "  A  corpse  was  thoroughly  smeared  with  ointment;  burning 
censers  were  carried  in  the  funeral  procession,  and  perfumes  of  all 
sorts,  and  flowers,  were  thrown  upon  the  funeral  pile." 

110.  Pompeius.  An  unknown  delator. 

Saevior  aperire.  M.  419.  The  use  of  the  infinitive  after  the  adjec- 
tive corresponds  to  its  poetical  use  after  the  cognate  verb  saevio. 

112.  Cornelius  Fuscus  was  employed  by  Vespasian  in  high  com- 
mands, and  by  Domitian  as  "  praefectus  "  of  the  praetorian  troops. 
He  was  sent  by  him  on  an  expedition  against  the  Dacians,  and  was 
killed,  together  with  the  greater  part  of  his  army,  by  that  people. 
Retirement  and  the  degrading  life  of  a  Roman  senator  of  that  day 
did  not  suit  him,  and  he  thought  of  battles  even  in  his  marble  villa. 
(Macleane.) 

113.  For  the  crafty  Fabricius  Veiento,  see  note  on  iii.  185. 
Catullus  Messalinus,  blind  (or  nearly  so)  and  cruel,  was  mortifer 

as  an  informer.     He  lusted  after  a  woman  he  had  no  eyes  to  see. 

116.  Dirusque  a  ponte  satelles  is  generally  interpreted  as  meaning 
"  he  was  brought  from  begging  at  the  bridges,  where  beggars  com- 
monly stood,  to  be  Domitian's  savage  servant."  Emendations  of  the 
text  have  been  attempted,  without  satisfactory  success.  Lewis  sug- 
gests that  a  ponte  satelles  may  mean  "  a  satellite  such  as  one  might 
pick  up  at  one  of  the  bridges,"  "a  beggarly  flatterer." 

117.  The  Arician  hill,  on  the  Appian  way,  swarmed  with  beggars. 
Aricia  was  about  sixteen  miles  from  Rome. 

118.  Devexae.  As  it  goes  down  hill.  . 

119.  Rhombum  stupuit.  M.  223,  c;  R.  1123  ;  Z.  383  in  fin.;  A.  & 
G.  52,  1,  a;  G.  329,  Rem.  1 ;  H.  371,  3  ;  A.  &  S.  232,  (2) ;  B.  716. 

121.  Cilicis.  A  gladiator  of  the  time.  Cf.  Threx  and  Syrus,  Hor. 
Sat.  ii.  6,  44.    Cilician  gladiators  were  common. 

Ictus.  His  cuts  and  thrusts,  i.  e.  his  swordsmanship.    (Lewis.) 

122.  Pegma,  the  stage-machine.'  The  "pegmata"  were  great 
wooden  structures,  of  two  or  more  stories,  which  let  up  and  down  by 
machinery,  or  parted  or  came  together.  Here,  by  some  ingenious 
contrivance,  a  boy  is  suddenly  carried  up  to  the  awnings  from  the 
pegma,  for  the  amusement  of  the  spectators,  and  the  blind  flatterer 
pretends  to  admire  a  thing  he  cannot  see. 

123.  Non  cedit.   Veiento  will  not  be  outdone  by  Messalinus. 


SATIRE    IV.  169 

* 

127.  Arriragus.  No  British  prince  of  this  name  is  recorded  by  any 
writer. 

128.  Sudes,  properly  stakes,  here  fins.  "  The  beast  is  foreign,  and 
behaves  himself  rebelliously ;  lo,  how  he  seems  armed  for  resistance, 
rebel-like!  "  (Holyday,  cited  by  Mayor.) 

129.  Fabricio.   Veiento  (line  113). 

130.  Domitian,  in  all  form,  calls  on  his  council  of  state  for  their 
opinion.  Cf.  Liv.  i.  32:  "die,"  inquit  ei,  quem  primum  sententiam 
rogabat,  "quid  censes?" 

Conciditur,  is  it  to  be  cut  upf  Is  that  in  your  minds?  For  the 
tense,  see  note  on  iii.  296,  quaero.  Cf.  Madvig  Opusc.  ii.  40  sq.  The 
emperor  thinks  there  is  no  possibility  that  such  a  question  should  be 
entertained. 

132.  Colligat,  may  contain. 
Orbem,  circumference  (of  the  fish). 

133.  Prometheus.   I.  e.  a  potter. 

135.  Castra,  "sc.  doraestica."  But  Juvenal  introduces  the  word 
in  sarcasm  against  the  emperor,  who  was  cowardly  and  unwarlike, 
although  vain  of  his  military  titles  and  pretended  prowess. 

136.  Vicit,  carried  the  day;  prevailed.  The  proper  technical 
word.  Cf.  Liv.  ii.  4 :  cum  in  senatu  vicisset  sententia,  quae  censebat 
reddenda  bona. 

137  sq.  Noctes  Neronis  jam  medias,  Nero's  revels  prolonged  even 
till  midnight. 

Aliam  famem.  Either  the  second  appetite  which  follows  hard 
drinking  (as  the  scholiast  has  it),  or  that  caused  by  the  use  of 
emetics. 

Fulmo.  Lewis  says  that  this  word  must  be  taken  of  "  the  inside  " 
generally.  But  Juvenal  may  use  a  popular  mode  of  speech,  although 
famous  physicians  had  pointed  out  the  error  of  Alcaeus  and  Plato  in 
speaking  of  wine  as  passing  into  the  lungs. 

139.  Usus,  experience. 

141.  Saxum.    I.  e.  rocky  coast. 

Eutupino.  Rutupiae,  the  modern  Richborough,  was  a  haven  of 
the  (  'antii  in  the  south  of  Britain.  The  ordinary  route  to  England 
was  from  Hononia  (Boulogne)  to  Rutupiae. 

142.  Depraendere  =  deprendere  (deprehendere). 

143.  Echini.  The  sea-urchin  was  esteemed  by  epicures  as  one  of 
the  best  of  shell-fish. 

145.  Albanam  in  arcem  =  Albanam  in  villam.  Cf.  Tac.  Agric.  45. 
"  For  this  place  under  the  Alban  mount,  from  which  it  received  its 

P 


170  NOTES. 

name,  he  chose  out  as  a  kind  of  citadel  (iicp6no\iv)."  Dio  Cassius 
lxvii.  1. 

146.  Attonitos,  awe-stricken. 

149.  Anxia  pinna.  Probably  simply  "  on  hurried  wing ; "  although 
the  scholiast  and  others  assert  that  as  a  laurel  was  inserted  in  letters 
of  victory,  so  a  feather  in  letters  announcing  ill-tidings ;  or  that  the 
messengers  in  the  first  instance  bore  a  spear  entwined  with  laurel,  in 
the  second  a  feather  on  the  spear-point  or  in  their  caps. 

153  sq.  "  Domitian  had  murdered  the  noblest  citizens  with  im- 
punity, but  when  he  began  to  practise  upon  the  vulgar,  they  got  rid 
of  him.  He  was  murdered  A.  D.  96  by  certain  conspirators  whom  he 
had  resolved  to  put  to  death." 

Cerdonibus,  "by  the  Hobs  and  Dicks."  Conington  (in  a  note 
furnished  to  Munro)  says,  "  I  should  print  Cerdo  as  a  [plebeian] 
proper  name,  answering  to  Lamiarum,  and  in  viii.  182  to  Volesos 
Brutumque.  From  Jahn's  note  on  Persius  iv.  51,  and  addendum,  I 
have  little  doubt  that  it  stands  on  the  same  footing  as  Dama,  mean- 
ing a  slave,  and  Manius,  meaning  a  beggar;  a  name  used  generically, 
but  not  to  be  confounded  with  an  ordinary  substantive.  It  is  like 
the  Hob  and  Dick  of  Shakspeare's  Coriolanus." 

Lamiarum.  Domitian  took  away  from  the  Aelius  Lamia  of  his  day 
his  wife,  married  her,  and  afterwards  put  Lamia  to  death.  Horace 
has  two  odes  addressed  to  his  friend  Aelius  Lamia  of  this  family. 


SATIRE    V 


ARGUMENT. 

1-11.  IF  you  are  not  yet  ashamed,  Trebius,  of  the  life  you  have 
chosen,  submitting  to  Anything  lor  a  dinner,  1  would  not  believe  you 
on  your  oath.  The  stomach  wants  but  little;  but  suppose  you  have 
not  that  little,  why  can't  you  beg?  11-23.  For,  first,  when  you  've 
had  your  dinner,  you  've  got  your  full  reward  ;  though  it  comes  but 
seldom,  your  patron, Virro,  puts  it  down  to  your  account.  Once  in 
two  months  he  has  a  vacant  place  at  his  table,  and  says,  "  Come  and 
dine:"  the  height  of  your  ambition  !  the  reward  for  winch  you  are 
fendy  to  break  your  rest,  in  order  to  anticipate  your  brother  parasites 
in  the  qfficitim  salutandi  at  uncouth  hours  of  the  morning!  24-79. 
And  what  kind  of  a  dinner  is  it?  The  wine  is  such  that  wool  refuses 
it.  If  it  gets  into  your  head,  Virro's  freedmen  are  ready  to  pick  a 
quarrel  with  you  for  his  amusement.  The  host,  meanwhile,  is  drink- 
pg  the  choicest,  oldest  wines.  Virro's  cups  are  jewelled,  yours  of 
cracked  glass  ;  or  if  a  jewelled  cup  is  set  before  you,  a  slave  stands 
by  to  guard  the  treasure.  The  master  gets  his  water  iced,  not  vou. 
On  you  an  ill-favored  Moorish  runner  waits;  on  him  a  fair  youth  of 
Ionia,  who  would  scorn  to  obey  your  orders.  You  must  gnaw  a  crust 
of  black,  mouldy  bread;  if  you  venture  to  touch  Virro's  loaf,  the 
slaves  are  at  hand  to  make  you  restore  it.  "  Then  't  was  for  this," 
you  mutter  to  yourself,  "  that  I  so  often  left  my  bed  before  dawn, 
and  braved  cold  and  hail  in  my  zeal  to  do  honor  to  my  lord !  " 
80-106.  See  that  great  lobster,  looking  down  scornfully  upon  the 
lunula  M  it  ifl  borne  along, —  that  goes  to  the  master;  you  get  a  scanty 
crab  with  half  an  egg.  He  oils  his  fish  with  fine  Venafran,  while 
your  poor  cabbage  stinks  of  the  lantern.  Before  Virro  the  most 
costly  foreign  fish  are  set;  before  you  the  poorest,  fed  upon  the  garb- 
age of  the  sewers. 

107-113.  Hut  now  a  word  with  the  rich  man  himself.  Nobody 
asks  of  you  the  bounties  which  good  rich  men  of  old  would  send  to 
their  poor  friends.  We  only  beg  you  '11  dine  as  a  fellow-citizen  with 
his  equals;  then  spend  your  money  as  you  please. 

114-124.  See  before  the  host  is  a  fat  goose's  liver,  and  a  fowl  as  big 
as  a  goose,  a  wild  boar,  and  truffles  if  't  is  spring.    ("  Keep  your 

171 


172  NOTES. 

grain,  Libya,"  the  glutton  cries,  "  but  send  us  truffles  !  ")  To  make 
one  angry  as  can  be,  you  see  the  carver  nourishing  his  knife  and 
dancing  till  be  goes  through  all  his  lesson.  'T  is  of  the  first  impor- 
tance with  what  gestures  hares  and  fowls  are  carved !  125-131. 
You  '11  be  dragged  by  the  heels,  and  put  out  of  the  door,  if  you 
venture  to  open  your  mouth,  as  if  you  were  a  freeman.  Do  you  sup- 
pose the  great  man  will  ever  drink  to  you  ?  Is  any  of  you  so  bold  as 
to  pass  him  the  cup  and  say  "  Drink  "  ?  There  are  many  things  a 
man  dare  not  say  with  holes  in  his  coat.  132-145.  But  if  the  gods  or 
some  good  man  gave  you  a  fortune,  what  a  friend  you  would  soon 
become  of  Virro's !  "  Here,  help  Trebius ;  put  it  before  Trebius : 
allow  me,  my  dear  brother,  to  help  you  from  the  loin."  It  is  the 
money  that  is  "  dear  brother."  But  if,  as  a  rich  man,  you  want  to  be 
the  patron's  lord  and  master,  you  must  be  childless.  Now  that  you 
are  poor,  however,  your  wife  may  have  three  children  at  a  birth,  and 
yet  Virro  will  not  be  estranged  from  you,  but  amused  rather  by  the 
prattle  of  the  baby  parasites. 

146-155.  Suspicious  mushrooms  are  for  the  poor  friends,  boletus  for 
the  master.  Phaeaeian  apples,  stolen  you  'd  think  from  the  Hesper- 
ides,  are  for  the  host  and  favored  guests;  you  eat  such  scabby  fruit 
as  the  monkey  gnaws  on  the  goat's  back  learning  his  drill. 

156-173.  Perhaps  you  think  'tis  stinginess  in  Virro.  No,  he  sets 
himself  deliberately  at  work  to  tantalize  his  guests.  What  fun  so 
great  as  a  disappointed  belly  ?  He  wants  to  see  you  cry  with  rage 
and  gnash  your  teeth.  You  think  yourself  a  freeman  and  the  rich 
man's  guest :  he  thinks  the  smell  of  the  kitchen  draws  you,  and  he's 
right.  What  freeman  is  so  poor  that  he  would  bear  such  treatment 
twice  ?  You  're  cheated  with  false  hopes  of  a  good  dinner.  You  sit 
in  silent  expectation,  ready  for  the  scraps  that  do  not  come.  He 
serves  you  right.  If  you  can  bear  all  sorts  of  treatment,  you  ought 
to  bear  it.  Some  day  you  '11  come  upon  the  stage  to  be  flogged,  you, 
so  worthy  of  such  feasts  and  such  a  friend.  —  Macleane  and  Mayor, 
in  part. 


1.  Propositi,  purpose ;  purposed  course  of  life. 

2.  Bona  summa.  More  often  summxim  bonum.  The  plural  is  used 
in  humorous  exaggeration.  "  You  think  that  all  the  highest  bless- 
ings are  summed  up  in  this." 

Aliena  vivere  quadra,  i.  e.  "  to  live  on  the  crumbs  of  another  man's 
table."  Quadra  is  used  of  a  fragment  (a  square  morsel),  as  in  Sen. 
de  Ben.  iv.  29,  2  :  quadram  panis  ;  Mart.  ix.  91,  18:  secta  plurima 
quadra  de  placenta ;  xii.  32,  18 :  quadra  casei ;  Verg.  Moret.  49. 
"  Some  flat  round  loaves,  scored  into  four  or  eight  parts,  have  been 
discovered  at  Herculaneum."     Some  take  quadra  for  table. 

3.  Sarmentus.    A  parasite  in  the  time  of  Augustus. 

"  &1&C  A.    420j6<-A^Z-  **+*-£4UL 


SATIRE    V.  173 

Iniquas,  ill-sorted;  where  prince  and  parasite  feast  together. 
(Mayor.) 

4.  Gabba.  Another  parasite,  servile  and  wittol,  though  a  wit. 

5.  Jurato,  on  oath.     (See  M.  110,  obs.  3.) 

6.  Frugalius,  "  more  easily  satisfied." 

8.  Crepido,  the  steps  of  a  public  building,  a  raised  foot-path,  the 
wall  of  a  quay  at  the  river-side,  or  other  conspicuous  position,  fre- 
quented, as  were  also  the  bridges,  by  beggars. 

Vacat,  sc.  ad  raendicandum. 

Tegetis  ....  brevior,  and  apiece  of  matting  (for  a  bed)  too  short 
by  half. 

9.  Tantine  injuria  cenae  ?  Do  you  prize  so  highly  the  insolence  of 
a  dinner  t   Cenae  is  epexegetic  genitive. 

10  sq.  Is  your  hunger  so  ravenous,  when  it  might  more  honorably 
at  the  street-side  or  on  the  bridge  (illic)  even  stand  shivering  and 
gnawing  dirty  bits  of  dog-biscuit? 

12.  Fige.  Similar  to  pone,  but  stronger. 

Jussus,  invited,  bidden.  Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  i.  708  :  toris  jussi  discum- 
bere  pictis. 

13.  Mercedem  solidam,  payment  in  full. 

14.  Inputat,  charges  to  your  account,  claims  gratitude  for.  Cf. 
Tac.  Germ.  21.    This  use  of  the  word  is  post- Augustan. 

Bex.  The  vox  propria  for  patronus. 

17.  "  Of  the  three  couches  in  a  triclinium,  the  summus  lay  to  the 
left,  and  the  imus  to  the  right  of  the  medius.  The  medius  lectus  was 
the  most  honorable  post,  then  the  summus.  It  was  not  usual  for 
more  than  three  to  recline  on  each  couch.  Between  the  guests  were 
placed  pillows  (culcitae),  on  which  they  rested  their  left  elbows." 

19.  Trebius.  The  parasite. 

20.  Dimittere,  to  leave  unfastened. 

21.  Alarmed  lest  his  rivals  should  already  have  gone  the  round  of 
their  patrons.     (Mayor.) 

22.  Dubiis,  "  fading  from  sight,"  in  the  early  dawn.  The  other 
time  (illo  tempore  i  is  earlier,  when  the  wagon  of  Bootes  is  seen 
slowly  wheeling  around. 

23.  Frigida.   Because  Bootes  is  a  northern  constellation. 

24.  Sucida  (succida)  lana  is  wool  lately  cut  but  not  yet  cleaned. 
Wool  in  this  state  was  used,  drenched  with  oil,  or  wine,  or  vinegar, 
for  healing  applications.  But  this  wine  the  very  wool  would  reject. 
(Maeleaue.) 

25.  Corybanta.   I.  e.  frantic  as  the  priests  of  Cybele. 

P2 


174  NOTES. 

Videbis.  The  subject  is  general ;  but  the  tu  of  torques  (26)  refers 
to  Trebius. 
27.  Rubra.  Bloody. 

29.  Saguntina  commissa  lagona,  waged  with  Saguntine  pitchers. 
"The  lagona  (Xdywos)  was  an  earthenware  jug  with  a  handle." 

30.  Ipse.  The  great  man  himself. 

Diffusum  {bottled),  sc.  vinum.  "Diffusum  is  the  word  for  trans- 
ferring from  the  dolium,  the  large  vessel  in  which  the  wine  fermented, 
to  the  amphora  or  cadus  in  which  it  was  kept." 

Capillato  consule.  Under  some  consul  with  long  hair;  an  exag- 
geration, as  the  Romans  are  said  to  have  left  off  beards  and  long  hair 
300  years  before  Christ. 

31.  Bellis  socialibus.  The  war  waged  by  the  Italian  allies,  with 
the  Marsi  at  their  head  (cf.  Hor.  Carm.  iii.  14,  18),  in  order  to  secure 
the  enjoyment  ot  the  civitas  which  had  been  promised  them  by  Livius 

32.  Cardiaco.  Plin.  H.  N.  xxiii.  25,  1 :  cardiacorum  morbo  unicam 
spem  in  vino  esse  certum  est. 

Cyathum.  A  ladle,  holding  the  twelfth  of  a  pint,  with  which  the 
wine  was  drawn  from  the  crater  (tureen,  punch-bowl),  into  the  cups. 

33  sq.  "  The  Alban  wine  (famed  for  its  excellence  in  modern  times 
also)  was  inferior  only  to  the  Falernian,  in  the  opinion  of  Dionysius 
of  Halicarnassus  (though  ranked  by  Pliny  as  only  third-rate).  But 
in  the  days  of  Juvenal,  the  Setine,  a  Campanian  wine,  had  come  to 
be  the  favorite  vintage." 

34.  Titulum,  Vetiquette.  The  name  of  the  consul  in  whose  year 
the  wine  was  made,  and  also  the  name  of  the  vineyard,  were  painted 
on  the  amphorae  or  written  on  tickets. 

35.  Fuligine.  When  the  natural  process  of  ripening  was  to  be 
hastened  by  exposure  to  smoke,  it  was  customary  to  place  the  wine  in 
bins  erected  in  such  a  manner  as  to  receive  the  hot  air  and  smoke  of 
the  bath-furnaces. 

36  sq.  P.  Thrasea  Paetus  was  put  to  death  by  Nero,  and  his  son- 
in-law,  Helvidius  Priscus,  by  Vespasian.  They  were  stoics,  and  free 
in  thought  and  speech.  "  They  are  here  represented  as  drinking  to 
their  heroes'  memory  in  the  choicest  wine,  with  crowns  of  flowers 
upon  their  heads,  which  was  from  the  earliest  times  the  common 
practice  at  dinner,  especially  on  important  occasions." 

38.  L.  Miiller  remarks  that  this  is  the  only  verse  in  Juvenal  that 
ends  with  three  spondees. 

38  sq.  Heliadum  crustas  et  inaequales  berullo  phialas,  cups  in- 


SATIRE    V.  175 

crusted  with  (lit.  incrustations  of)  the  tears  of  ihe  Heliades  (i.  e. 
with  amber)  and  paterae  ("saucers")  all  rough  with  the  beryl. 
"  The  crustae  were  exquisitely  wrought  in  relief,  and  fastened  upon 
the  surface  of  the  vessels  they  were  intended  to  adorn." 

41.  Ungues  observet  acutos.  To  watch  your  sharp  nails,  lest  you 
should  pluck  any  of  the  gems  away. 

42.  Excuse  him ;  there  is  a  splendid  jasper  on  that  cup  which  is 
much  admired.  Some  commentators  give  these  words  to  the  servant : 
"  Excuse  me ;  but  that  cup  has  a  fine  stone  on  it." 

44.  Quas.   I.  e.  such  as. 

45.  Juvenis.    Aeneas.   Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  iv.  261. 
Iarbae.   Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  iv.  36,  19l£ 

46.  The  cobbler  of  Benrventum  is  Vatinius,  one  of  the  vilest  crea- 
tures of  Nero's  court,  who  rose  to  wealth  and  power  first  as  a  buffoon, 
and  then  as  an  unscrupulous  accuser.  His  name  was  given  to  a 
drinking-cup  with  "nozzles"  {nasibus)  or  spouts, — perhaps  from 
the  length  of  his  nose. 

47.  Nasorum  quattuor.   Genitive  of  quality. 

48.  Rupto  ....  vitro,  and  calling  for  sulphur  (i.  e.  brimstone 
cement)  for  the  broken  glass.  Others,  in  exchange  for  the  broken 
glass. 

50.  Decocta.  Boiled  water  cooled  down  with  snow.  Nero  is  said 
to  have  introduced  the  custom. 

52.  Aliam.    A  different  water:  i.  e.  neither  boiled  nor  iced. 

62,  56.  The  poorer  guests  are  served  by  a  Moorish  out-runner,  the 
patron  by  an  Ionian  page. 

54.  It  was  a  bad  omen  to  meet  anything  black  in  the  night. 

55.  Cf.  i.  171,  note.    57.  Take  pugnacis  with  Tulli. 

59  sq.  The  Moor  is  your  "  Ganymede,"  —  a  name  often  given  to 
minions,  such  as  this  flos  Asiae. 

61.  Miscere.  To  mix  the  wine  and  water. 
Puer.  Virro's  page,  "  flos  Asiae." 

Sed  —  sed  =  at  —  at. 

62.  Digna  supercilio.   Justify  his  disdain. 

63.  "The  quests  at  Roman  feasts  wen:  served  with  either  hot  or 
cold  water,  as  they  preferred.  A  favorite  drink  was  warm  water 
mixed  with  wine  and  spiped." 

64.  Quippe.  You  must  know.    (Mayor.) 

65.  Quod  with  the  subjunctive  gives  the  reason  in  the  mind  of  the 
slave  spoken  of,  who  is  the  agent  in  the  main  proposition  (indig- 
natur,  etc.). 


176  NOTES. 

67.  Murmure,  grumbling. 

68.  Vix  fractum  (sc.  mola).  (Made  of  meal)  hardly  ground.  A 
very  coarse  bread,  with  the  grains  almost  entire.  Otherwise  under- 
stood of  "bread  too  bard  to  be  cut,  which  has  with  difficulty  been 
broken  into  rough  lumps." 

Jam  mucida.  Mouldy  by  this  time. 

69.  Quae  agitent.  Quae  =  talia  ut.  Anthon  makes  tbe  subjunc- 
tive bere  one  of  purpose :  "  intended  to." 

72.  Artoptae,  of  the  bread-mould  (distinguishing  the  master's  fine 
bread  from  yours). 

73.  Inprobulum,  a  trifle  audacious. 

Superest  illic,  there  is  one  standing  over  you  there. 

74.  Vis  tu,  will  you  ?  exactly  in  our  sense,  "  will  you  keep  quiet  ?  " 
(Lewis.)  Voulez-vous  bien.  Perhaps  we  more  often  say,  will  you 
nott  It  is  a  formula  of  bidding  or  exhortation.  (Gronovius  on  Sen. 
de  Ira  iii.  38 ;  Bentley  on  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  6,  92.) 

75.  Impleri,  Jill  yourself.    Middle. 

76  sqq.  It  was  for 'this,  it  seems  (scilicet),  mutters  Trebius  to  him- 
self, that  I  so  often  left  my  bed  before  dawn,  and  braved  cold  and 
hail,  in  my  zeal  to  pay  my  respects  to  my  patron. 

Fuerat.  "  This  end  I  had  proposed  to  myself."  Cf.  Ramshorn, 
p.  602. 

77  sq.  Per  — Esquilias.  Hendiadys.  "  Up  the  hill  which  had  to 
be  faced,  the  cold  Esquiline."  Under  the  empire,  this  hill  had  be- 
come a  fashionable  place  of  residence. 

79.  The  paenula  was  a  heavy,  sleeveless  cloak. 

80-90.  First  course.  A  fine  lobster  with  asparagus  for  the  patron ; 
a  little  crab  with  half  an  egg  for  the  client. 

80.  Distinguat,  adorns,  sets  off,  marks.  Some  editors  read  dis- 
tendat,  after  inferior  manuscripts. 

81.  Squilla.  Here  a  lobster  or  a  sea-crab;  sometimes  prawn  or 
shrimp. 

82.  Asparagus  is  generally  used  in  the  plural :  heads  or  stalks  of 
asparagus,  or  young  shoots  of  similar  plants. 

84.  Dimidio  constrictus  ovo,  garnished  (lit.  hemmed  in)  with  half 
an  egg.  Some  suppose  the  egg  sliced  ;  others  the  fish  covered  with 
a  thin  batter. 

Cammarus.  A  common  crab  or  crayfish. 

85.  Feralis  cena,  a  funereal  supper.  At  the  feriae  novemdiales 
or  novemdialia  a  very  simple  meal  was  laid  on  the  grave  nine  days 
after  burial. 


SATIRE    V. 


177 


86.  Venafrano,  sc.  oleo.    The  best  oil  in  Italy. 

87.  Pallidas,  withered,  sickly. 

88.  Olebit  lanternam.  M.  223,  c,  obs.  2 ;  It.  1123 ;  Z.  383  (second 
paragraph) ;  A.  &  G.  52,  1,  c;  G.  329,  Rem.  1  in  fin.;  H.  371,  3,  (2) ; 
A.  AS.  232,  (2);  B.  716. 

Illud,  sc.  oleum. 

Alveolis,  small  dishes,  saucer-shaped.  Lewis  translates  "  sauce- 
boats,"  wrongly. 

89.  Canna,  a  canoe  of  cane.  "  Probus  exponit,  cannam  navem 
esse  quae  gandeia  (ganleia  Jae.  Gronovius)  dicatur." 

Micipsarum,  of  the  Jlicipsas,  although  only  one  Micipsa  is  known ; 
i.  e.,  of  the  Numidians.    Generic  plural. 

Subvexit,  has  brought  up  (the  Tiber  to  Rome).    (Mayor.) 

90.  91.  Numidian  or  African  oil  was  so  fetid  that  the  natives 
besmeared  with  it  had  nothing  to  fear  from  snakes,  who  got  out  of 
the  way  to  avoid  the  smell,  and  no  Roman  would  bathe  with  them. 

Boccare  (or  Bocchare).    Poetic  individualization  for  any  African. 

91.  This  line  is  omitted  in  some  of  the  best  MSS. 

92-106.  Second  course.  A  costly  barbel  and  a  lamprey  for  the 
patron ;  for  the  client  an  eel  or  a  pike  from  the  Tiber  fattened  in  the 
sewers. 

93.  Rupes.  Sen.  N.  Q.  iii.  18,  4:  audiebamus  nihil  esse  melius 
saxatili  mullo. 

Peractum,  gone  through,  "  ransacked." 

96.  Proxima.  Sc.  maria  ac  flumina. 

98.  Laenas,  a  legacy-hunter.  Aurelia,  the  rich  lady  fished  after, 
sells  as  much  of  her  presents  as  she  does  not  want.  —  "Observe  the 
chiasmus  in  this  line."  Laenas  is  circumflexed  on  the  last  syllable. 
Prise,  v.  22. 

101.  Careers.  An  allusion  to  Verg.  Aen.  i.  51. 

102.  Contemnunt,  brave. 

104.  Tiberinus.    Sc.  lupus  (pike).     Cf.  Horat.  Sat.  ii.  2,  31. 

Et  ipse.   It  too  (as  well  as  the  eel). 

106.  Cryptam,  drain,  sewer.  "  The  Subura  lay  in  the  hollow 
formed  by  the  junction  of  three  valleys :  (i)  that  between  the  Quirinal 
and  Viminal;  (ii)  that  between  the  Viminal  and  Esquiline;  (iii)  that 
which  separates  the  northerly  portion  of  the  Esquiline  from  the  chief 
mass  of  the  hill.  The  cloaca  under  the  Subura  [connected  with  the 
Cloaca  Maxima,  and]  was  directly  accessible  from  the  Tiber."  "  To 
penetrate  so  far,  the  fish  must  swim  nearly  a  mile,  through  all  the 
filth  of  the  town." 
12  — Juv. 


178  NOTES. 

107.  Ipsi.  The  host,  ut  passim.    Pauca,  sc.  dicere. 

108.  Modicis,  humble,  poor. 

109.  The  younger  Seneca,  Nero's  teacher,  and  C.  Piso,  a  conspirator 
against  Nero,  were  noted  for  their  wealth  and  liberality. 

Bonus,  liberal,  munificent. 

Cotta.  Perhaps  Aurelius  Cotta,  who  lived  in  Nero's  time. 

112.  Civiliter,  like  a  fellow-citizen,  acknowledging  that  your  guests 
have  rights  as  well  as  yourself.  Hence  civilly,  with  civility;  or 
socially. 

113.  Dives  tibi,  pauper  amicis.  Selfishly  using  your  wealth  only 
for  your  own  enjoyment. 

114-124.  Third  course.  "  Foie  gras,"  a  fat  capon,  and  a  wild  boar 
for  tbe  patron,  followed  by  truffles.     Tbe  client  looks  on. 

117.  It  was  thought  that  frequent  thunder-storms  produced  truffles. 

118.  Alledius.   Any  epicure. 

119.  Dum  =  dummodo.  M.  351,  b,  obs.  2 ;  A.  &  G.  61,  3,  note;  G. 
575. 

120.  The  structor  arranged  the  dishes  on  the  tray  in  which  they 
were  served  up.  (Verg.  Aen.  i.  704  :  penum  struere.)  Another  part 
of  his  duty  was  to  carve  the  dishes,  which  he  did  with  artistic 
flourishes. 

121.  Chironomunta,  the  Greek  participle  in  Roman  letters 
(xtipovonovvra),  gesticulating,  flourishing  his  knife  about. 

122.  Dictata,  the  lessons.  There  were  regular  professors  of  the 
art  of  carving. 

127.  Hiscere,  to  open  your  mouth. 

Nomina.  "  Most  freeborn  Romans  had  a  praenomen,  as  Publius, 
which  denoted  the  individual ;  a  nomen,  as  Cornelius,  which  denoted 
his  gens ;  and  a  cognomen,  as  Scipio,  which  denoted  his  familia  or 
stirps.  To  these  was  sometimes  added  an  honorary  name,  called 
agnomen,  as  Africanus.  Freedmen  also  assumed  the  praenomen 
and  nomen  of  their  liberator,  generally  before  their  own  name." 

128.  In  drinking  healths,  it  was  a  complimentary  way  to  first  take 
a  draught,  saying  "  bene  te  "  or  "  bene  tibi,"  and  then  pass  the  cup 
to  the  person  saluted,  with  the  word  '*  bibe!  " 

129.  Usque  adeo,  to  such  an  extreme ;  so  utterly. 

130.  Perditus,  (so)  reckless. — Eegi,  the  patron. 

131.  Pertusa.  With  holes  in  it. 

132.  Quadringenta,  sc.  milia  sestertium.  The  census  equester. 
See  iii.  154,  note. 

133.  Homuncio.  "  In  amusing  contrast  to  deus.  Some  good  little 
man,  like  to  the  gods,  and  kinder  than  the  fates." 


SATIRE    V.  179 

135.  Pone  ad.  Set  (the  dish)  before.  Cf.  ad  pedes,  ad  wumum  ; 
and  oo  potw  Aen.  i.  706  :  pocula  ponunt. 

Frater.  Ilorat.  Epp.  i.  6,  54:  frater,  pater,  adde;  ut  cuique  est 
aetas,  ita  quemque  facetus  adopta. 

136.  Ilia,  =  lumbus.  "  Would  n't  you  like  a  nice  slice  off  the  loin 
(of  the  boar)?" 

137  sq.  If,  as  a  rich  man,  you  would  be  your  patron's  lord  and 
master,  you  must  be  childless,  that  he  may  court  you  for  a  legacy. 

141.  Nunc,  a*  it  is ;  now  (that  you  are  poor). 

Mygale.   Your  wife. 

143.  Viridem  thoraca,  a  green  doublet.  Green  was  a  favorite  color 
for  the  dress  of  children  and  women. 

146-155.  Tl>-c  rtsert.  The  finest  mushrooms  and  fragrant  apples  for 
the  patron  anc1  tue  other  grandees,  doubtful  funguses  for  the  client, 
and  scabby  apples,  such  as  monkeys  munch. 

147.  Set  (sed)  quales,  aye,  and  such  as.  Sei  note  on  iv.  26  sq. 
The  emj>eror  Claudius  was  very  fond  of  mushrooms.  His  wife 
Agrippina  poisoned  him  with  one  A.  D.  54. 

151.  Homer  (Odys.  vii.)  represents  the  gardens  of  Alcinous,  king 
of  the  Phaeacians,  as  filled  with  perpetual  fruits. 

152.  Sororibus  Afris.     The  Hesperides. 

153.  In  aggere.   On  the  rampart  of  Servius  Tullius. 

154  sq.  A  monkey  is  here  represented,  dressed  up  in  regimentals 
and  sitting  on  a  goat,  munching  an  apple  in  the  intervals  of  throwing 
a  dart  for  the  amusement  of  spectators  [and  perhaps  his  master's 
gain].  So  at  last  Mayor.  Ab  capella  in  the  sense  of  from  the  back 
of  a  goat  is  just  fied  by  ab  equo  in  Propert.  iii.  11,  13,  and  Ovid.  a. 
a.  i.  210. 

157.  Hoc  agit,  this  is  his  aim ;  he  is  bent  upon  this.  Cf.  v.  157  ; 
vii.  20,  48. 

159.  Si  nescis.   "  Elegans  formula  pro  ut  hoc  scias,  ne  hoc  ignores." 

163-5  Who  that  wore  in  his  boyhood  the  golden  bulla,  or  even  the 
leathern  bulla  of  the  freedman's  son,  would  so  degrade  himself  as 
twice  to  submit  to  the  insults  of  such  a  host?  (Mayor  j  The  bulla, 
worn  by  children  born  free  and  rich,  was  hollow,  and  of  two  parts, 
globular  or  heart-shaped.  It  was  suspended  from  the  neck,  and 
rested  on  the  breast.  The  practice  was  of  Etruscan  origin.  A  leather 
strap  with  a  knot  at  the  end  of  it  answered  the  same  purpose  with 
the  poor.  —  Signum,  i.  e.  signuin  libertatis. 

166.  Jam,  prrsently. 

168.  Minor,  too  small  for  my  lord.  (Mayor.)  Others  take  it  as 
equivalent  to  tern 


180  NOTES. 

168  sq.  Inde  — tacetis.  Thence  it  is  that  (or,  in  hope  of  this)  you 
all  sit  in  silent  expectation,  with  the  bread  you  have  extorted  from 
the  slaves  uneaten  and  grasped  in  your  hands  like  a  drawn  sword 
ready  for  action. 

171.  The  morio  or  stupidus  was  a  standing  character  in  comedy 
and  mime.  He  is  introduced  with  shaven  crown,  and  cuffed  and 
knocked  about.  Parasites  sometimes  suffered  similar  treatment  at 
feasts.  Cf.  Ter.  Eun.  243  sq. :  at  ego  infelix  neque  ridiculus  esse 
neque  plagas  pati  possum.    Plaut.  Capt.  86  sq.,  469. 


SATIRE    VII. 


ARGUMENT. 

1-16.  The  hope  and  motive  of  our  studies  is  in  Caesar  only.  He 
only  cares  for  the  Muses  in  these  times  when  poets  leave  the  vales  of 
Helicon  and  live  by  baths,  by  baking,  or  by  auctioneering.  For  if 
Pierian  woods  won't  give  you  bread,  you  must  e'en  ply  the  crier's 
trade.  And  this  is  better  than  to  rise  to  wealth  by  the  base  art  of 
lying  in  the  courts,  though  Asiatic  and  Cappadocian  and  Bithyniau 
knights  may  do  it.  17-35.  Henceforth,  however,  no  poet  snail  be 
degraded  to  do  dirty  work.  Up  and  bestir  yourselves !  the  prince  is 
seeking  whom  he  may  reward.  If  you  are  looking  for  encourage- 
ment from  any  other  quarter,  burn  your  poems  or  leave  them  to  the 
worms;  go  break  your  pens  and  wipe  out  all  your  lines;  the  rich 
men  but  admire  and  praise,  as  children  do  a  j>eacock.  But  the  useful 
years  of  life  are  passing,  and  when  old  age  comes  on,  weary  and  poor 
th'jugh  eloquent,  it  hates  itself  and  its  own  Muse.  36-52.  But  hear 
their  arts.  To  avoid  giving  poets  their  due,  the  rich  man  will  be  a 
brother  poet  (equal  to  Homer  save  in  years),  and  free  of  the  guild ; 
at  most,  he  will  (which  he  can  do  without  expense)  lend  a  dusty 
room  for  recitation  and  freedmen  to  applaud  ;  but  he  '11  not  give  as 
much  as  the  benches  cost  to  hire.  Still  the  poetic  frenzy  is  not  cured 
by  all  this  neglect. 

53-97.  But  a  rare  bard,  none  of  your  common  sort,  is  made  so  by 
a  mi  ml  free  from  care  and  free  from  all  bitterness,  loving  the  woods 
and  Muses' springs.  'T is  not  for  poverty  to  sing.  Horace  was  full 
when  he  cried  Euhoe!  What  room  for  genius  if  other  cares  than  for 
his  verse  disturb  the  poet's  breast?  If  Virgil  had  not  had  a  servant 
and  a  tolerable  house,  the  snakes  had  dropped  from  his  Fury's  head, 
ht'r  trumpet  had  been  dumb.  We  expect  forsooth  that  our  poor 
playwright  should  rise  to  the  old  cothurnus,  who  to  produce  his  play 
must  pawn  his  dishes  and  his  cloak.  Numitor,  poor  man,  has  nothing 
for  his  friend,  but  plenty  for  his  mistress  and  his  lion  —  of  course  the 
brute  eats  less  than  a  poet.  Lucan  may  lie  in  his  fine  gardens  eon 
tent  with  his  great  fame,  but  what  is  fame  to  poor  Seiranus  and 
Saleius,  suppose  they  get  it?  Statius  delights  the  town  who  crowd 
to  hear  him ;  but  after  all  he  starves  if  Paris  does  not  buy  his  play. 

Q  181 


182  NOTES. 

Paris  procures  honors  for  the  poet,  a  player  what  the  great  should 
do.  Yet  will  you  pay  your  court  to  those  noble  people  ?  Praefeets 
and  tribunes  come  of  plays ;  but  you  'd  not  envy  him  who  gets  his 
living  by  the  stage.  Where  will  you  find  me  now  any  of  those 
Maecenases  of  old,  in  whose  days  many  found  it  worth  their  while 
to  pale  their  cheek  with  study  and  keep  from  wine  through  all 
December's  holidays? 

98-104.  Next  to  speak  of  historians, —  are  their  labors  more  pro- 
ductive ?  History  demands  more  time  and  pains  than  poetry.  Yet 
vast  as  the  field  is,  how  scanty  a  crop  does  it  yield !  105-149.  "  But 
historians  are  an  idle  herd."  Well,  what  do  the  lawyers  get  for  all 
their  roaring?  However  (to  deceive  creditors  or  allure  clients)  they 
magnify  their  gains,  the  patrimonies  of  a  hundred  of  them  are 
counterbalanced  by  that  of  one  driver  in  the  circus.  The  court 
have  taken  their  seats;  pale  Ajax  rises  to  plead  for  a  man's  liberty 
with  a  clown  for  judex.  What  is  your  pay?  A  little  quarter  of 
rusty  pork,  or  ajar  of  thunnies,  or  old  roots,  black  slaves'  rations,  or 
five  jars  of  bad  wine.  If,  after  four  pleadings,  you  get  a  gold-piece, 
the  attorneys  must  have  a  part  according  to  agreement.  Aemilius 
is  a  rich  nobleman,  and  has  a  statue  and  triumphal  chariot,  and  so 
he  gets  the  largest  fee  allowed  by  the  laws,  and  yet  we  can  conduct 
a  case  better  than  he  can.  'Tis  this  that  brought  Pedo  to  bank- 
ruptcy, and  Matho  too;  this  was  Tongilius's  ruin,  whose  broad 
purples  got  him  credit.  And  yet  these  fine  clothes  are  of  use;  it's 
policy  to  make  a  noise  and  wear  the  look  of  wealth.  Trust  we  our 
eloquence  ?  Why  Cicero  would  get  nothing  now  unless  he  wore  a 
great  ring  on  his  finger.  No  man  employs  you  till  he  hears  how 
many  slaves  you  keep.  So  Paulus  hired  a  ring  and  got  more  fees 
than  Basilus  or  Cossus.  Eloquence  in  rags  is  rare.  What  chance 
has  Basilus  of  being  heard?  Go  off  to  Gaul  or  Africa  and  practise 
if  you  have  set  a  value  on  your  tongue. 

150-214.  Do  you  teach  rhetoric  ?  O  nerves  of  steel,  when  your  whole 
class  is  slaying  savage  tyrants !  They  sit  and  read,  and  then  get  up 
and  say  it  word  for  word  from  first  to  last, —the  same  old  cabbage  served 
again,  killing  the  wretched  teacher.  All  would  learn  rhetoric,  but 
none  will  pay.  "  Your  fee  ?  what  have  I  learnt?  "  "Of  course  it's 
the  teacher's  fault  that  the  boy  is  a  blockhead,  whose  '  Hannibal ' 
has  stunned  me  week  by  week.  Ask  what  you  will  I  '11  give  it,  if 
you  can  make  his  fatherlisten  as  often  as  I  have  listened  to  his  non- 
sense." Nor  is  Vettius  a  singular  instance  of  a  rhetorician  who 
must  leave  his  school-declamations  for  real  strife  in  the  courts,  to  sue 
his  pupils  for  payment.  Since  then  it  is  so  small  a  pittance  that  the 
rhetor  earns,  not  amounting  at  best  to  more  than  the  cost  of  a  ticket 
for  bread,  and  since  even  for  that  he  must  go  to  law,  I  would  advise 
him  rather  to  follow  any  other  profession.  See  how  much  the  music- 
master  gets,  and  you  '11  tear  up  your  "  Elements  of  Rhetoric."  He 
builds  him  costly  baths,  and  porticoes  to  ride  in  when  it  rains. 
What,  must  he  wait  till  the  sky  clears,  and  go  splash  in  the  mud? 
And  then  a  dining-room  on  marble  pillars.  Whatever  his  house 
costs,  he  has  his  butlers  and  his  cooks  besides.  Meantime  Quintilian 
gets  his  two  sestertia,  and  that  a  splendid  fee!  There's  nothing  a 
father  will  not  pay  more  for  than  for  his  son.   How  then  is  Quintilian 


SATIRE    VII.  183 

so  rich  ?  He  is  a  lucky  man ;  and  your  lucky  man  is  everything 
that's  great  and  good  and  wise  and  eloquent.  It  makes  a  great  dif- 
ference under  what  star  you  were  born.  Fortune  can  make  a  rhe- 
torician consul,  and  if  she  please  a  consul  rhetorician.  What  was 
Ventiilius,  what  Tullius?  what  but  a  star  and  influence  of  hidden 
destiny?  Fate  can  give  a  slave  a  kingdom  and  a  prisoner  triumphs. 
But  Quintilian  is  a  lucky  rhetorician,  rare  as  a  white  raven.  Many 
grow  weary  of  the  fruitless  teacher's  chair  —  witness  Carrinas  and 
Thrasymaehus  ;  he  too  was  poor  to  whoiu  Athens  could  give  nothing 
but  cold  hemlock.  Light  lie  the  earth  and  fragrant  be  the  Mowers 
above  the  worthies  of  old  time  who  held  the  teacher  in  the  place  of 
parent!  Achilles  on  his  father's  hills  learnt  tinging,  and  reverenced 
the  rod  when  now -grown  up,  tumble  to  laugh  even  at  the  tail  of  his 
master  the  Centaur.  But  Rufus  and  the  rest  are  flogged  hy  their  own 
pupils. 

215-229.  Who  pays  the  grammar-master  what  hi-  toil  deserves? 
E'en  from  his  little  fee  the  pedagogue  nibbles  part,  and  the  paymaster 
will  take  his  slice.  Hear  with  the  fraud,  and  bate  a  little  of  your 
just  demand,  liKe  retailers  selling  blankets,  provided  only  you  do  not 
utterly  lose  the  trifle  for  which  you've  sat  from  midnight  till  the 
dawn,  where  a  blacksmith  or  a  weaver  would  not  sit,  and  smelt  the 
lamps  whose  smoke  stains  Horace  and  blackens  Virgil.  But  fees  are 
few  which  can  be  recovered  without  a  trial  before  the  tribune. 

229-241.  But  lay  strict  terms  upon  them,  that  the  teacher  speak 
grammatically,  and  know  all  history  and  all  authors  as  well  as  the 
nails  on  his  hand;  so  that  at  any  moment  he  can  tell  who  was 
Anchises'  nurse,  who  and  whence  Arehemorus'  stepmother,  how  long 
Actors  lived,  and  how  much  wine  he  gave  the  Phrygians.  Require 
that  he  shall  mould  his  pupils'  morals  as  a  man  makes  a  face  of 
wax  ;  require  that  he  be  their  father,  and  keep  them  from  vice. 
"  This  do,"  they  say,  "  and  when  the  year  comes  round  you  'II  have  a 
gold-piece,  as  mucli  as  a  jockey  earns  in  a  single  race."  —  Macleane 
and  Mayor. 


1.  Ratio,  mot i ve ;  "the  raison-aVetre." 

Studiorum,  as  here,  in  the  sense  of  studies,  without  an  addition 
such  as  ortiinn  I ilirrnlinin,  is  post-classical. 

Caesare.  Probably  Hadrian. 

4.  Gabiis.  For  any  small  country  town,  in  which  but  little  custom 
could  be  expected.    Cf.  iii.  192. 

Furnos,  ovens ;  bake-houses. 

6.  Praecones,  criers.  They  got  persons  to  attend  auctions,  in 
which  they  called  out  the  biddings,  and  stimulated  the  purchasers. 
while  the  magister  auctionis  knocked  the  lots  down.  They  kept 
silence  in  public  assemblies,  like  "  ushers  of  the  court."    Their  call- 


184  NOTES. 

iiig  was  profitable,  but  despised  ;  and  so  long  as  they  followed  it,  they 
were  not  eligible  to  the  rank  of  decuriones. 

7.  Atria,  sc.  auctionaria. 

8.  Pieria.  The  grove  of  the  Muses  on  Mount  Helicon,  between  the 
fountains  Aganippe  and  Hippocrene,  is  here  called  Pierian  by  the 
conventional  name  of  the  Muses,  although  the  historical  Pieria  lay 
north  of  Olympus. 

9.  Ames.  Used  like  the  Greek  ayanav,  GTipyuv,  to  be  content  with. 
Machaerae.  Some  praeco  of  the  day. 

10.  Commissa  auctio,  the  auction's  contest,  "  ubi  licitantes  utrinque 
pretio  pugnant;  translate  a  gladiatoribus."  (Grangaeus,  Mayor.) 
"  Cf.  committere  proelium,  ludos,  spectaculurn."  Otherwise  ex- 
plained as  the  auction  entrusted  to  the  praeco,  or  as  an  auction  of 
forfeited  goods  (bonorum  commissorum). 

11.  Oenophorum,  a  wine-jar  (with  handles).     Marquardt  v.  2,  425. 
Armaria,  cupboards,  cabinets,  or  cases,  standing  against  the  walls  ; 

French,  armoires. 

12.  Paccius  and  Faustus,  tragic  poets  of  the  day.  Alcithoe, 
daughter  of  Minyas,  for  her  refusal  to  share  in  the  worship  of 
Dionysos,was  changed  into  a  bat.  Thebes  furnished  many  a  subject 
for  the  stage.  Tereus  was  the  subject  of  tragedies  by  Sophocles, 
Philocles,  Carcinus  the  younger,  and  Attius. 

13.  Sub  ju&ice  =  apudjudicem. 

14  sqq.  Faciant,  etc.  Although  slaves  from  Asia  who  have  been 
raised  to  knighthood  do  so   i.  e.  give  false  testimony). 

15.  The  MSS.  read  equitesque.  The  first  syllable  of  Bithyni  is 
elsewhere  long  (Juv.  x.  162  ;  xv.  1).  In  the  omission  of  -que,  and  in 
punctuation,  I  follow  (with  Mayor;  H.  A.  J.  Munro  (note  in  Mayor's 
second  edition),  who  has  relieved  the  difficulties  of  a  much  vexed 
passage.  The  recent  editors  very  generally  have  considered  this 
verse  as  spurious.  Retaining  it,  Asiani  must  (according  to  Munro) 
be  limited  to  the  people  of  the  province  Asia;  "thus  Catullus, 
writing  in  Bithyni  a,  says  ad  claras  Asiae  volemus  urbes,"  and  verse 
16  may  be  explained  by  the  fact  that  "  Bithynia  and  Gallatia  had 
got  very  much  mixed  up  together." 

16.  Altera  Gallia,  New  Gaul,  i.  e.  Galatia  ;  so  named  from  the 
Gallic  tribes,  which,  separating  from  the  main  body  of  Gauls  under 
Brennus,  were  invited  into  Asia  B.  C.  278  by  Nicomedes  of  Bithynia, 
and  were  confined  to  the  district  which  bore  their  name  by  Attalus  I. 
cir.  B.  C.  230.     (Mayor.) 

Nudo  talo.    Cf.  pedibus  albis,  i.  111. 


SATIRE    VII.  185 

Traducit,  sends  across  the  sea.    Some  render  it  "  puts  forward  to 
view." 
18.  Posthac.  Now  that  the  emperor  favors  genuine  poets. 

20.  Hoc  agite,  make  this  your  earnest  pursuit ;  set  about  it.  Cf. 
verse  48,  and  v.  157. 

21.  Ducis.  I.  e.  of  the  emperor. 

22.  Si  qua  aliunde,  if  from  any  other  quarter. 
23  sq.  Crocea  membrana  tabella  impletur,  the  parchment  is  filled 

by  its  yellow  page:  "by  means  of  its  yellow  page;  i.  e.,  one  page 
getting  filled  after  another,  the  quaternion  or  whatever  it  may  be  of 
parchment  is  filled."    (H.  A.  J.  Munro.)    Some  understand  crocea 
tabella  of  a  wooden  case  or  covers. 
Crocea.    Cf.  Ov.  Trust,  iii.  1,  13:  cedro  flavus. 

25.  Dona  Veneris  marito.    Give  to  the  flames. 
Telesinus.  We  are  not  to  suppose  that  any  particular  person  is 

referred  to  under  this  name. 

26.  Clude  (P,  S,  /,  g.)  =  claude  («).  Shut  up  your  books  in  the 
cases  (in  scriniis  or  in  capsis  ,  and  let  the  worms  eat  holes  in  them. 

28  sq.  Compare  Ben  Jonson's  lines,  at  the  end  of  the  Poetaster: 

"I,  that  spend  half  my  nights,  and  half  my  days, 
Here  in  a  cell,  to  get  a  dark,  pale  face, 
lb  come  forth  worth  the  ivy  or  the  bays, 
And  in  this  age  can  hope  no  other  grace." 

Cf.  also  Boileau,  Ars.  Poet.  iv. : 

"Aux  plus  savans  auteurs,  comme  aux  plus  grands  guerriers, 
Apollon  ne  promet  qu'un  nom  et  des  lauriers." 

Venias  =  prodeas  ;  Jonson's  come  forth. 

Hederis.  Notice  the  plural,  the  ivies,  "ivy  wreaths."  "The  ivy, 
being  sacred  to  Bacchus,  formed  the  wreath  of  victors  in  scenic  con- 
i hence  transferred  to  poets  generally." 

Imagine  macra.  "A  poor  lean  bust,  such  as  a  half-starved  poet's 
would  be.  There  were  put  up  in  the  library  of  Apollo  on  the  Pala- 
tine, and  in  other  public  and  private  libraries,  busts  of  distinguished 
literary  men."     (Macleane.) 

32.  Juno's  bird  is  the  peacock. 

32-35.  "  But  the  useful  years  of  life  are  passing,  in  which  success 
might  be  gained  in  other  occupations,  and  a  weary  old  age  conies  on, 
in  which  the  poor  poet  has  nothing  to  look  to." 

36.  Artes.    Madvig  (Opusc.  ii.  176)  introduced  the  period  here, 

.  Q2 


186  NOTES. 

and  the  comma  in  place  of  a  period  after  relicta  (37).  He  is  followed 
by  Jahn,  Ribbeck,  Weidner.  Artes,  the  tricks,  the  artful  con- 
trivances of  the  rich,  to  excuse  their  neglect  of  poor  poets. 

Iste  (the  demonstrative  of  the  second  person),  that  patron  of  yours. 

37.  Poems  were  often  recited  in  the  porticos  attached  to  the 
temples ;  but  our  poet  reserves  his  verses  for  his  patron's  ear.  The 
temple  of  Apollo  is  that  on  the  Palatine  (Horat.  Carm.  i.  31),  in 
which  Becker  infers  from  Mart.  xii.  3,  7-8,  that  statues  of  the  Muses 
also  stood.  There  was  a  temple  called  Herculis  Musarum,  built  by 
Fulvius  Nobilior.  Weidner  interprets  Musarum  et  Apollinis  aede 
relicta  of  giving  up  independent,  disinterested  composition. 

38  sq.  He  acknowledges  Homer  as  his  superior  only  because  he 
wrote  a  thousand  years  ago. 

40.  Maculosas  ( =  sordidas).  Heinrieh's  conjecture.  P,  maeu- 
lonis  ;  u>,  maculonus.  Weidner  reads  maculonsas,  which  orthography 
may  account  for  these  MS.  readings. 

41.  Longe  =  diu.    See  Forcellini. 
Servire.  To  serve  your  purpose. 

42.  Sollicitas.  Because  beleaguered. 

Notice  the  distinction  between  janua  and  porta. 

43  sq.  There  are  two  kinds  of  claquers :  the  more  intelligent  freed- 
men,  sitting  at  the  ends  of  the  rows,  give  the  cue,  and  poor  clients 
(comiles),  scattered  about  the  room,(obediently  shout  their  bravos. 

45  sqq.  Subsellia,  the  seats  on  the  ground  floor.  Quae  —  tigillo, 
the  rising-seats  of  hired  plank  that  hang  in  the  air  (cf.  "hanging- 
gardens,"  pendentes  hortuli  Semiramidos).  The  orchestra,  or  the 
foremost  rows,  devoted  to  persons  of  distinction,  is  set  out  (posita  est) 
with  luxurious  chairs.     Reportandis,  because  hired. 

48.  Hoc  agimus,  we  pursue  this  purpose ;  we  are  engrossed  with 
this.    Cf.  Cic.  Tusc.  i.  20,  46. 

48,  49.  Tenui  —  aratro.     Proverbial  expressions  for  labor  thrown 


50.  Si  discedas,  if  you  try  to  get  away.  The  subjunctive  means, 
in  any  instance,  at  any  time.  We  have  here  the  second  person 
singular  for  a  general  indefinite  subject. 

Ambitiosi.  Jahn  (followed  by  Ribbeck),  wrongly  deeming  line  51 
an  interpolation,  reads  ambit  'ostim,  to  agree  with  cacoethes. 

53.  Publica,  ordinary,  common,  commonplace. 

54.  Expositum,  trite. 
Deducere,  to  spin  out. 

55.  Coins  a  trivial  poem  of  the  common  stamp. 


SATIRE    VII.  187 

57  sq.  Acerbi  impatiens,  Syzvoros  micpov,  free  from  the  suffering  of 
bitterness,  which  is  that  of  poverty,  disappointment,  mortification, 
and  self-contempt.     (Macleane.) 

58.  Aptusque.  The  reading  of  the  MSS. — Jahn  and  Weidner  have 
itr-,lnsquey  found  in  the  Scholiast,  where,  however,  it  may  be  only  a 
gloat  on  cupidus.     Weidner  moreover  changes  bibendis  into  bibcudi. 

60.  Thyrsum.  "  Bacchus  and  the  Muses  are  always  close  com- 
panions." 

64.  Dominis.  For  the  ablative,  see  i.  13,  note. 

Cirra  (Cirrha)  was  the  port  of  Delphi ;  its  lord  was  Apollo.  Nysa 
is  the  name  of  many  places  connected  with  Bacchus,  —  the  original 
one  being  generally  placed  in  the  Punjaub;  here  probably  a  village 
on  Mount  Helicon,  which  claimed  to  have  been  the  home  of  the  god 
in  his  boyhood. 

Feruntur,  are  carried  away,  borne  headlong  (in  inspiration). 

66.  Juvenal  uses  attonitae  for  perplexed,  as  the  word  belongs  to 
inspiration.     Cf.  Hor.  Curm.  iii.  19,  13.     (Macleaue.) 

67,  68.  I.  e.  to  write  like  Virgil. 
Rutulum.  I.  e.  Turnus. 

69.  Desset  =  deesset.  The  use  of  the  imperfect  here  and  in  the 
apodosis  is  lively,  and  has  the  same  effect  as  the  use  of  the  historical 
present  Cf.  M.  347,  b,  note  2;  Z.  525;  Verg.  Aen.  iii.  187  ;  Prop, 
iii.  6,  43"  sq. 

70,  71.  Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  vii.  417,  513  sqq. 

72.  Rubrenus  Lappa.  Some  small  play-writer,  who  was  obliged  to 
pawn  his  dishes  and  his  cloak  while  writing  his  tragedy  of  Atreus. 

Cothumo.  A  symbol  for  tragedy.  (Why?)  On  the  ablative,  cf. 
iii.  74,  note. 

74  sqq.  Numitor.  Some  great  noble.  The  name  is  humorously 
fciken  to  imply  ancient  descent.  This  great  man  —  poor  fellow  —  has 
nothing  to  send  to  his  friend  the  poet,  but  plenty  to  give  to  his  inis- 
treas,  and  enough  to  buy  meat  for  his  tame  lion.    (Macleane.) 

78.  Nimirum,  no  doubt.    Ironical. 

79.  Jaceat.  On  the  lectus. 

Lucanus.  The  author  of  the  Pharsalia.  He  inherited  a  large  for- 
tune from  his  father. 

Hortis  marmoreis.  I.  e.  in  the  gardens  attached  to  his  marble 
villa,  themselves  adorned  with  statues  and  surrounded  with  porticos. 

80.  Serranus.  Ranked  by  Qaintilian  (x.  1,  89)  anions  epic  poets; 
deep  in  debt,  if  he  is  the  same  as  the  person  spoken  of  by  Martial 
iiv.  .">7,  L'  sqq.). 

Tenui,  poor ;  of  slender  estate. 


188  NOTES. 

Saleius  Bassus.  An  epic  poet  praised  by  Tacitus  and  Quintilian. 

81.  Tantum,  only ;  alone.  (How  is  this  meaning  derived  from  the 
original  meaning  of  the  word  ?) 

82  sqq.  P.  Papinius  Statius,  author  of  the  Thebais,  and  patronized 
by  Domitian,  recited  portions  of  that  epic  from  time  to  time  during 
the  twelve  years  in  which  he  was  composing  it.  It  would  appear 
that  he  had  an^greeable  voice. 

Diem.  A  day  for  reciting. 

86.  Fregit  subsellia.  Cf.  i.  13.  "  He  has  broken  down  the  benches 
by  his  poem,  i.  e.  by  the  loudness  and  energy  with  which  he  re- 
cites it." 

87.  Intactam  —  Agaven,  unless  he  sell  his  virgin  "  Agave "  to 
Paris.  Paris,  a  native  of  Egypt,  was  a  pantomime  of  great  celebrity 
in  Domitian's  reign.    Martial  (xi.  13)  wrote  his  epitaph: 

quisquis  Flaniiniam  teris,  viator, 
noli  nobile  praeterire  marmor. 
urbis  deliciae,  salesque  Nili, 
ars  et  gratia,  lusus  et  voluptas, 
Itomani  decus  et  dolor  theatri, 
atque  omnes  Veneres  Cupidinesque, 
hoc  sunt  condita  quo  Paris  sepulcro. 

Intactam,  i.  e.  new,  not  as  yet  exhibited. 
Agave,  the  sister  of  Semele. 

88.  Hie  et.  He  does  more  for  the  poets  than  buy  their  plays;  he 
gets  them  military  honors  and  the  knights'  gold  ring. 

Largitus.  So  Jahn  and  Mayor,  after  some  MSS.    Pu>  largitur. 

89.  Semenstri  auro,  with  the  six-months'  gold,  i.  e.  the  six-months' 
ring.  This  means  the  ring  (which  was  a  badge  of  equestrian  rank) 
won  by  six  months'  service.  "  The  tribune  of  a  legion  became,  as  a 
matter  of  course,  an  eques.  On  account  of  this  advancement  in  rank 
the  office  was  conferred  by  the  emperors  on  persons  who  did  not 
intend  to  follow  the  military  profession,  but  after  six  months'  service, 
tribunatus  semestris,  retired  as  equites  into  private  life."     Mayor. 

90  sq.  Tu  —  curas.  Young  men  sought  to  gain  the  favor  of  the 
great  and  influential,  as  an  aid  to  their  own  advancement.  Cameri- 
nus  was  the  name  of  a  good  old  family  of  the  patrician  gens  Sul- 
pieia.  (Cf.  viii.  38.)  On  Barea  see  note  on  iii.  116.— Atria.  The 
atrium  was  the  reception-room  in  the  houses  of  the  great. 

92.  The  two  plays  here  named,  like  the  Agave,  were  probably  the 
cantica.  or  texts  for  pantomimic  representation. 

94,  95.  Proculeius  is  celebrated  by  Horace  {Carm.  ii.  2,  5-6)  for 


SATIRE    VII.  189 

his  generosity  to  his  brothers.  Paulus  Fabius  Maximus,  consul 
B.  C.  11,  was  a  steady  friend  of  Ovid.  Cotta  Messalinus  (or  Cotta 
Maximus),  son  of  the  great  M.  Valerius  Messalla  Corvinus,  was  also 
one  of  Ovid's  patrons.  Lentulus  is  perhaps  the  consul  P.  Cornelius 
Lentulus  Spinther,  who  procured  Cicero's  recall  from  exile,  B.  C.  57. 
97.  The  Saturnalia,  with  its  attendant  festivals  (at  one  of  which 
little  figures  were  sold  as  toys  or  presents),  occupied  seven  days  in  the 
month  of  December.  Indeed  the  whole  mouth  was  sacred  to  Saturn, 
and  was  a  month  of  feasting  and  revelry. 

100.  Modo,  limit.  —  Our  reading  nullo  guippe  modo  is  given  by 
Jahn,  and  the  best  editors  generally,  after  P,  Serv.  ad  Aen.  iv.  98, 
and  Schol.  Lucani  i.  334.  Macleane  reads  with  inferior  MSS.  namque 
oblita  modi.  —  Surgit,  springs  up,  begins. 

101.  Omnibus,  sc.  hutoiHcis. —  Damnosa,  to  their  loss.  Cf.  Hor. 
Sat.  ii.  8,  34.   Papyrus  was  costly  ;  parchment,  of  course,  still  more  so. 

102.  Eerum,  of  topics  ;  things  to  be  mentioned.  —  Operum  lex,  the 
conditions  or  law  to  which  writers  of  such  works  are  bound. 

104.  Acta,  the  newspaper. 

105.  Lecto,  the  couch. 

106  sq.  Civilia  officia,  services  to  their  fellow-citizens  ;  legal  services, 
for  the  protection  of  lives  and  fortunes.  —  Praestent,  "bring  them 
in."  —  Magno  —  libelli,  the  big  bundle  of  documents  (briefs,  depo- 
sitions, extracts  from  laws,  etc.)  with  which  they  are  accompanied. 

108-114.  Madvig  (Opusc.  ii.  179,  180),  followed  by  Mayor,  rightly 
explains  this  passage  as  follows:  "  The  lawyers  themselves  talk  very 
grandly,  and  boast  that  they  receive  great  fees  ;  but  when  do  they  so 
talk  ?  particularly  when  persons  are  listening  whom  it  is  for  their 
interest  to  impress  with  the  belief  that  their  practice  brings  them  in 
a  large  income.  And  who  are  such  persons?  In  the  first  place,  a 
creditor  of  their  own,  who  is  to  be  convinced  that  his  claim  is  safe  ; 
secondly,  some  rich  litigant,  more  eager  even  than  the  creditor,  who 
comts  to  employ  the  advocate  in  a  doubtful  case,  and  will  be  the 
more  ready  to  pay  him  a  large  fee  if  he  believes  that  he  is  generally 
paid  more  than  the  average  of  lawyers.  Then,  indeed,  their  bellows 
blow  enormous  lies :  then  the  lawyers  make  such  assertions  of  pros- 
perity, that,  to  avert  the  wrath  of  the  gods  provoked  by  proud  words, 
in  accordance  with  an  ancient  superstitious  practice,  they  spit  in  their 
bosoms.  But  their  real  income  is  so  different  from  this  false  boasting 
that  a  single  charioteer  in  the  circus  is  richer  than  a  hundred  law- 
yers." This  suits  better  with  the  context  ("  quid  praestent  officia.") 
and  the  antithesis  to  their  lying  boasts,  "  vera m  depraendere  mes- 


190  NOTES. 

sem,"  than  the  interpretation  more  generally  adopted,  which  is  thus 
stated  by  Macleane  :  "  They  talk  very  big  of  their  own  accord  (ipsi), 
but  still  more  if  the  creditor  is  listening  for  whom  they  are  acting; 
or  louder  still  if  the  client  is  eager  and  nudges  his  '  causidicus,'  being 
afraid  of  losing  his  money.  Then  truly  do  they  puff  their  lies  like 
bellows,  spluttering  all  their  breast." 

109.  Tetigit  latus.  I.  e.  has  spurred  the  lawyer  on  to  lie.  So 
Madvig,  I.  c.  p.  180,  foot-note. 

Acrior.  Ribbeck  reads  aegrior,  so  interpreting  aecrior  (p)  and 
ae*rior  (P). 

110.  Grandi  codice.  The  large  size  of  the  ledger  indicates  (says 
Madvig)  a  rich  litigant. 

Nomen,  a  debt.  See  Lexicon,  and  Diet.  Antiq.  s.  v.  Fenus. 
Weidner  translates  it  "  debtor"  (which  meaning  it  also  bears),  and 
understands  it  of  the  lawyer  himself. 

111.  Cf.  Pers.  v.  10 ;  Horat,  Sat.  i.  4,  19. 

112.  Mayor's  citations  sufficiently  prove  that  spitting  three  times 
in  the  bosom  was  an  ancient  superstitious  practice  to  avert  the  wrath 
of  the  gods  and  to  break  spells.  In  this  sense  we  should  rather  ex- 
pect to  find  despuitur  (see  examples  s.  v.  in  Forcellini),  but  the  use 
of  consptiere  does  not  exclude  Madvig's  interpretation.  One  may 
follow  Madvig,  however,  in  all  other  points  in  this  passage  (108-114), 
and  still  take  covspuitur  sinus  as  meaning  simply  that  the  eager, 
mouthing  speaker  "  splutters  his  froth  all  over  the  folds  of  his  toga." 

Depraendere  (  =  deprehendere,  deprendere).  With  Jahn  I  fol- 
low P. 

114.  Russati.  "  The  drivers  in  the  chariot-races  were  divided  into 
four  parties,  called  factiones,  and  distinguished  by  the  color  of  their 
dress;  there  was  the  white,  alba,  red,  russata,  blue  (but  see  note  on 
iii.  170),  veneta,  and  dark-green, prasina."  —  Lacerna  is  (the  scholiast 
says)  an  auriga  abjectus  of  "  the  red." 

115  sqq.  A  scene  in  court,  the  first  line  parodied  from  Ov.  3Iet. 
xiii.  1,  2,  where  the  contest  between  Ajax  and  Ulysses  for  Achilles' 
armor  is  described : 

consedere  duces;  et  vulgi  stante  corona 

surgit  ad  hos  clypei  dominus  septemplicis  Ajax. 

"  The  chiefs  "  have  taken  their  seats ;  the  lawyer  rises,  a  pale  "  Ajax," 
to  plead  the  cause  of  one  who  is  claimed  as  a  slave,  with  a  neatherd 
as  judex. 

116.  Dubia.  I.  e.,  which  is  disputed.     The  action  was  a  vindicatio. 


SATIRE    VII.  191 

Bubulco  judice.  The  office  of  judex,  after  the  changes  introduced  by 
Augustus,  was  no  longer  an  honor,  but  a  burden.  Any  free  male 
adult,  who  had  not  been  condemned  for  a  criminal  offence,  might,  it 
would  seem,  now  sit  as  judex.     Mayor. 

117.  Jecur.  The  supposed  seat  of  the  passions. 

118.  After  a  forensic  victory,  lawyers  used  to  hang  palm  branches 
over  their  doors.  The  supposed  advocate  in  this  case  lives  in  hired 
lodgings  in  a  garret,  and  can  only  decorate  his  stair-case. 

119.  Quod  =  quale.     Interrogative  adjective  pronoun. 

Siccus  petasunculus,  a  rusty  little  quarter  of  pork.  The  petaso 
was  eaten  fresh ;  the  perna  (or  ham)  was  a  part  of  the  petaso  ( Athen. 
xiv.  p.  657  e),  and  was  smoked  or  salted. 

120.  Maurorum  epimenia,  the  monthly  rations  of  Moorish  slaves. 
Maurorum  (P  a  c)  is  adopted  by  Jahn  and  recent  critical  editors 

generally,  except  Macleane,  who  reads  Afrorum  (w). 

121.  Wines  brought  down  the  Tiber,  such  as  the  Sabine  and  Veien- 
tane,  were  very  inferior  to  the  Campanian  and  foreign  wines,  which 
came  up  the  river. 

Lagonae  =  lagenae.  Macleane  places  a  comma  after  "  lagenae  " 
and  a  period  after  "  egisti "  in  the  next  verse.  All  other  recent 
critical  editors  punctuate  as  I  have  done. 

122.  Si  quater  egisti  —  si  causam  perorasti.  The  process  required 
four  pleadings. 

Why  is  contigit  the  right  word  here,  and  not  accidit  ? 
Aureus.  The  gold-piece  was  now  worth  25  denarii,  or  about  $4. 

123.  The  attorneys'  percentage  is  deducted  from  it,  by  agree/unit. 

124.  The  Aemilia  was  one  of  the  noblest  of  the  patrician  families. 
Quantum  licet  (P  and  best  editors.     Other  readings  are  petet, petit, 

libet),  as  much  as  the  law  allows.  "In  B.C.  204,  a plebiscitum  was 
passed,  prohibiting  any  person  from  taking  a  fee  for  pleading  a  cause. 
This  was  confirmed  by  a  §entUut  consult urn  in  the  time  of  Augustus  ; 
bat  was  relaxed  in  that  of  Claudius,  after  which  time  a  man  might 
take  ten  sestertia  for  a  fee,"  —  i.  e.  one  hundred  "  gold-pieces,"  one 
of  which  was  thought  enough  for  our  poor  causidicux. 

Et,  and  yet.  (f.  xiii.  1)1 :  hie  putat  esse  deos  et  pejerat.  Tac.  An: 
i.  38:  reduxit  in  hiberna  turbidos  et  nihil  ausos. 

125-128.  In  Acini  lius's  porch  stands  the  triumphal  statue  of  an 
ancestor  in  a  quadriga;  also  his  own  equestrian  statue,  aiming  a 
shaft  which  bends  and  quivers  as  it  is  poised  for  the  throw,  for 
certainty  of  aim  one  eye  being  closed    lusca  . 

129.  Sic.   By  imitating  tins  display  of  wealth.  —  Pedo.  An  un- 


192  NOTES. 

known  lawyer.  —  Conturbat  (sc.  rationes),  becomes  a  fraudulent 
bankrupt  (confusing  his  accounts).  —  Matho.  See  Sat.  i.  32.  —  De- 
ficit, "fails"  as  in  English. 

130  sqq.  Tongilius  may  be  the  one  alluded  to  in  Martial  (ii.  40). 
To  show  his  consequence,  he  goes  to  bathe  with  a  dirty  crowd  of  re- 
tainers, and  is  borne  through  the  forum  in  his  lectica  with  a  long 
pole,  making  fine  purchases. 

130.  Bhinocerote.  An  oil-flask  (gutus)  of  rhinoceros  horn. 

131.  Vexat,  mobs. 

132.  His  bearers  are  Maedi,  Thracians  from  the  west  bank  of  the 
Strymon,  from  whom  the  northern  district  of  Macedonia,  between 
the  Axius  and  Strymon,  was  called  Maedica. 

133.  Murrina.  "  Porcelain "  is  a  good  modern  analogue,  but  not 
the  right  translation  of  this  word.  The  murrina  were  probably  bowls 
of  agate,  of  great  cost,  fragments  of  which  are  now  often  turned  up 
in  the  soil  of  Rome.  See  Mayor,  who  cites  inter  alios  C.  W.  King 
(Nat.  Hist,  of  Precious  Stones  and  Gems,  pp.  237-245).  Fr.  Thiersch 
(Abh.  der  Miinchn.  Akad.  i.  439  sq.)  contends  that  the  murrina  were 
made  of  fluor-spar. 

134.  Spondet  (lit.  gives  security  for  him),  procures  him  credit. 
Mayor. 

Tyrio  stlattaria  (stlataria)  purpura  filo,  broad  purple  (i.  e.  his 
purple  robe)  of  Tyrianweb.  Etymologists  concur  (Curtius,  Corssen, 
Vanicek)  in  deriving  stlataria  from  the  root  star-  {to  strew,  spread, 
extend),  whence  orop-i-vvv-ni,  ster  no,  (stra-vi,  stra-tu-s).  As  in  the 
Slavic  languages  the  root  occurs  sometimes  with  I  and  sometimes 
with  r,  so  here  stla-ta  is  identical  with  stra-ta.  This  is  also  the 
root  of  Idtu-s,  where  st  has  fallen  away  entirely  before  I.  "  Stlata," 
says  Festus  (Paul.  Diac,  p.  312,  Festus,  p.  313),  "is  a  kind  of  ship 
broad  (latum)  rather  than  long,  and  so  named  from  its  breadth  (a 
latitudine),  but  in  the  same  way  as  men  used  to  say  stlocum  for 
locum  and  stlitem  for  litem."  Navis  stlata  is  therefore  a  vessel 
built  broad  for  merchandise ;  navis  longa,  one  long  and  narrow  for 
war.  O.  Miiller  (on  Festus  I.  c.)  understands  stlataria  purpura  of 
purple  cloths  imported  on  such  stlatae,  and  hence  genuine  Tyrian 
merchandise.  So  the  lexicographers  generally,  rendering  stlataria 
"  sea-borne."  An  old  scholiast  asserts  that  Probus  explains  stlataria 
as  meaning  illecebrosa,  and  so  Heinrich,  in  an  elaborate  note  {ad 
schol.,  pp.  396-399),  renders  it  seductive,  decoying,  alluring,  enticing, 
understanding  stlata  (after  Flavius  Caper  and  others)  of  a  pirate 
vessel,  quae,  (to  cite  Heinrich,)  "in  hostium  naves  lenocinia,  insidias, 


SATIRE    VII.  193 

fraudes,  ludificationes,  illectamenta  "  exercet.  It  is  perhaps  safe  to 
go  back,  with  Corssen  (Kr.  Beitrdge,  4<i2,  463)  to  the  etymology  of 
the  word,  and  render  it  as  I  have  at  the  beginning  of  this  note. 

136.  Convenit  =  utile  est,  prodest. 

137.  Strepitu  et  facie.  The  genitive  (majoris  census)  supplies  the 
place  of  an  adjective,  so  that  we  can  have  the  modal  ablative  with- 
out cum. 

138.  This  verse  is  bracketed  by  many  editors  as  out  of  place. 
142.  Togati.  Clients  (in.  127). 

143-5.  Three  poor  lawyers  are  named. 

146.  It  was  a  custom  in  Rome,  as  well  as  in  Greece,  to  introduce  in 
the  epilogue  relations  (as  mothers,  wives,  sisters,  children),  sometimes 
in  mourning  garments  and  iu  tears,  to  work  on  the  jurors'  feelings. 

148  sq.  Gallia  abounded  in  men  of  eloquence;  under  the  empire 
rhetoric  flourished  in  Africa. 

149.  To  put  a  price  on  your  tongue;  i.  e.  (if  you  want)  to  make 
money.  On  this  meaning  of  ponere  ci.  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  3,  23 :  callidus 
huic  signo  ponebam  railia  centum.     Inferior  MSS.  read  imponere. 

150.  Declamare  is  a  general  term  for  rhetorical  exercises.  —  Ferrea. 
I.  e.  patient,  enduring,  apathetic.  —  Vettius  Valens  was  (he  founder 
of  a  new  school  of  rhetoricians.  His  name  here  represents  the  class 
of  rhetoricians  in  general. 

151.  The  class  declaim  invectives  against  tyrants  or  laudations  of 
tyrannicides. 

152.  The  class  read  their  declamations  sitting,  and  standing  up 
repeat  them  again  (perferet)  from  beginning  to  end.  (Macleane.)— 
Cantabit,  will  drone,  in  a  hum-drum,  sing-sing  tone.  —  Versus  ap- 
plies to  the  lines  in  prose  as  well  as  in  poetry.  Cf.  Hor.  Sat.  ii. 
5,54. 

154.  There  was  an  old  proverb,  Sis  Kf>«v0n  davaros.  Mayor  cites 
Qnintil.  ii.  4,  29  :  necesse  est ....  fastidium  moveant  velut  frigidi  et 
repositi  cibi. 

155.  Color.  We  must  retain  the  metaphor  in  translation:  "what 
may  be  the  color  to  be  given  to  the  case."  Mayor  says  that  "  color" 
denotes  the  varnish,  gloss,  or  color  by  which  the  accused  endeavors 
to  palliate,  the  accuser  to  aggravate,  the  allowed  facts  of  the  case. 

Summa,  main. 

156.  Quae  —  sagittae,  what  shafts  (a  metaphor  for  arguments)  may 
c/t'turr  to  cowu  from  the  opposite  side.  Diversae,  belonging  to  the 
opposing  side;  from  the  enemy.  Inferior  MSS.  read  diver so, parte 
sa<jitt<i, . 

13  — Juv.  R 


194  NOTES. 

158.  Quid  enim  scio  ?  Why,  what  have  I  learnt  ?  Enim  like  yip. 
("  You  surely  cannot  expect  a  fee  ?    For  what  do  I  know  ?  ") 

159  sq.  The  ancient  Romans  placed  the  seat  of  the  intellect  in 
the  heart.  Cf.  Cic.  Tusc.  i.  9.  — The  Arcadians  were  proverbially 
dull;  their  country  was  famed  for  its  asses,  both  literally  and  meta- 
phorically. 

161.  Dims  Hannibal.    Cf.  x.  166  sq. 

162  sq.  TJrbem.  Of  course  Rome.  —An  ....  an.  Not  a  double 
question,  but  two  separate  questions.  The  occasions  are  diiferent, 
the  second  being  b.  c.  211,  five  years  after  the  battle  of  Cannae, 
when  Hannibal  retired  from  the  walls  of  Rome  in  consequence  of  a 
great  storm  repeated  on  two  successive  days  (Liv.  xxvi.  11). 

164.  Circumagat,  wheel,  wheel  round.  —  A,  from,  away  from. 

165.  Our  reading  (pw)  gives  the  simplest  construction.  Munro 
(note  in  Mayor's  edition)  thinks  that  quid  (P,  Priscian)  "may, 
perhaps,  be  right : "  quantum  vis  stipulare,  et  protinus  accipe  — 
"quid?"  do  ut  totiens,  etc.  "Receive  what?"  says  the  one  to 
whom  the  offer  is  made;  then  the  other  replies,  "Why,  I  give  it  on 
condition  that,"  etc.  Hermann  i  who  edited  quod  do,  "  ne  Pithoe- 
anum  quid  do  tironum  oculos  offenderet,")  suspects  a  corruption  of 
the  text,  but  proposes  no  emendation.  Ribbeck  makes  the  happy 
conjecture  qui  (i.  e.  qua  conditioner  do;  Mommsen  proposed  quin 
(and  so  Weidner^  Lachmann  qui  dum? 

Quod  do,  what  I  offer. 

166.  TJt,  on  condition  that.  —  Totiens,  as  many  times  as  I  have 
(heard  him).  On  fathers'  coming  to  hear  their  sons  recite,  cf.  Peri 
iii.  45-47. 

Alii.  Many  other  teachers  make  the  same  complaint  as  Vettius. 

167.  Sophistae  here  =  rhetores  or  grammatici.  On  the  use  of  th< 
term  see  Grote's  famous  chapter,  with  "  Cope's  criticisms  in  Journ. 
of  Class,  and  Sacr.  Philol.  i.-iii." 

168-170.  The  rhetoricians  pursue  real  lawsuits  to  get  their  fees, 
leaving  their  fictitious  disputations  on  stock-themes,  as  "the 
ravisher,"  "outpoured  poisons,"  "the  wicked  and  ungrateful  hus- 
band," "  eye-salves,"  and  the  like.  —  We  may  refer  these  topics  of 
declamation  to  the  stories  of  Paris,  Medea,  Jason,  and  old  Pelias,  or 
to  such  fictitious  legal  cases  as  those  described  in  Quintil.  Decl.  2-17, 
Senec.  Exc.  7,  8,  p.  420  {B\  Quintil.  Decl.  17,  Senec.  Contr.  ii.  13, 
p.  156  (B),  Exc.  Contr.  ii.  5,  p.  -T>4. 

170.  Veteres  caecos,  men  who  have  been  long  blind.  Cf.  Juv.  ix. 
16 :  macies  aegri  veteris. 


SATIRE    VII.  195 

171.  Ergo.  Notice  the  short  o. 

Sibi  dabit  ipse  rudem,  will  give  himself  his  own  discharge.  The 
rudi8  was  a  wooden  sword  with  which  the  gladiators  practised,  and 
which  (with  the  pileus)  they  received  as  a  symbol  of  their  discharge. 
On  the  metaphorical  use  of  the  phrase  ef.  Heir,  Epp.  i.  1,  2  sq. 

173.  Pugnam  =  veras  lites  (verse  168).  —  Descendit.  Perfect  tense. 
—  Rhetorica  ab  umbra,  from  his  scholastic  shade;  from  the  retire- 
ment in  which  he  has  practised  the  rhetorician's  art. 

174.  The  tessera  was  a  round  or  square  tally  of  metal  or  wood, 
entitling  the  possessor  to  a  share  of  grain  in  the  monthly  distribution 
to  the  poorer  citizens.  The  ticket  could  be  sold  or  bequeathed.  It 
is  here  sold  by  one  whose  name  is  on  the  list  to  our  rhetorician,  who, 
probably  as  not  being  a  citizen  (for  most  of  the  rhetoricians  were 
Greeks),  has  no  title  to  the  privilege.  The  ticket  is  "vilis,"  as  the 
amount  of  grain  received  was  small. 

Venit  is  in  the  present  tense.  From  what  verb?  (Notice  the 
quantity.) 

176.  Two  music-masters  are  named. 

177.  Artem  scindes  Theodori.  You  '11  tear  up  your  old  rhetoric 
book.  —  Ars,  like  rixyn,  is  used  of  an  elementary  work,  —  here,  "  Ele- 
ments of  Rhetoric,"  as  Theodorus  was  a  rhetorician.  —  The  MSS. 
read  scindens ;  scindas  is  Jahn's  correction,  approved  by  Hermann, 
Ribbeck,  Weidner,  Mayor.  If  scindens  be  retained,  it  must  agree 
with  the  subject  of  tempta,  as  Madvig  shows, —  the  caesura  after 
pueros  separating  the  interposed  clause  from  connection  with  this. 

178-188.  The  rich  spend  immense  sums  on  their  houses  and  estab- 
lishments, but  offer  only  a  pittance  for  the  education  of  their  sons. 

178.  Sescentis,  sc.  milihus  miinun'im  ;  (J00,000  sestertii. 

179.  Gestetur,  sc.  vehicnlo.    Cf.  verse  180. 

181.  Hie,  i.  e.  in  the  porticus.  —  Mules  were  in  great  request  by  the 
wealthy  Romans. 

182.  Parte  alia.  "His  baths  here,  his  covered  drives  there,  his 
dining-room  elsewhere."  —  The  tall  columns  of  the  Numidians  are 
pillars  of  the  yellow  Xumidian  marble. 

183.  Algentem  solem,  i.  e.  the  sun  in  winter. 

184  sq.  Quanticumque  domus,  sc.  sit.  However  expensive  the 
house,  money  will  be  forthcoming  for  the  purchase  of  a  structor  (cf. 
V.  120)  and  a  pithnmtarius. 

185.  Pulmentaria,  dainties. 

Condiat  (dissyllable)  is  Lachmann's  emendation,  adopted  by  Jahn. 
Most  MSS.  condit,  some  condat. 


196  NOTES. 

186.  Quintiliano.  The  celebrated  author  of  the  Institutio  Oratoria. 
—  Sestertia  duo.  Two  thousand  sestertii. 

187.  Ut  multum.  As  we  say,  at  most.  —  Sufficient.  Gnomic  future. 
Cf.  verses  201,  219,  and  Pers.  ii.  5. 

189.  Saltus,  pasture  lands  among  the  forests  on  the  hills.  —  Juvenal 
exaggerates  Quintilian's  wealth.  "  He  was  rich  among  poor  men, 
and  poor  among  the  rich."     Cf.  Plin.  Epp.  vi.  32. 

Exempla  novorum  fatorum,  instances  of  rare  good  fortune. 
Transi,  pass  by  ;  do  not  take  into  account.     Cf.  iii.  114. 

190.  Felix,  the  lucky  man  (eldaifiwv,  the  man  favored  by  Fortune), 
is  both  beautiful  and  brave. 

191.  Sapiens,  nobilis,  and  generosus,  are  used  appositively :  the 
lucky  man,  as  both  wise  and  noble  and  high-born,  sews  (subtexit), 
etc. 

192.  Becomes  senator.  The  shoes  of  the  senators  came  higher  up 
the  leg  than  ordinary  calcei,  and  bore  in  front  a  crescent.  The  sub 
in  subtexit  is  not  undo-  the  shoe,  but  simply  below. 

193.  Jaculator.  He  excels  in  the  games  of  the  Campus  Martius. 
Others  translate  "  a  debater,"  hurling  arguments  against  his  op- 
ponent. 

194.  Perfrixit  (from  perfrigescere),  he  has  a  cold.  . 
197  sq.    Quintilian   received   the   ornamenta  consularia,  which, 

while  they  did  not  necessarily  admit  into  the  senate,  facilitated  such 
admittance,  and  conferred  a  high  dignitas.  Pliny  (Epp.  iv.  11) 
speaks  of  Valerius  Licianus  who  had  become  a  teacher  in  Sicily : 
"Praetorius  hie  modo  inter  eloquentissimos  causarum  actores  habe- 
batur,  nunc  eo  decidit,  ut  exul  de  senatcre,  rhetor  de  oratore  fieret. 
Itaque  ipse  in  praefatione  dixit  dolenter  et  graviter  :  quos  tibi,  For- 
tuna,  ludos  facis!  facis  enim  ex  professoribus  senatores,  ex  senatori- 
bus  professores ! " 

199.  P.  Ventidius  Bassus,  a  native  of  Picenum,  in  the  Social  War 
was  carried  captive  with  his  mother  to  Rome,  and  appeared  in  the 
triumphal  procession  of  Cn.  Pompeius  Strabo,  B.  C.  89.  When  he 
grew  up  he  gained  his  livelihood  by  letting  out  mules  and  carriages. 
C.  Julius  Caesar  took  him  into  Gaul,  and  employed  him  for  the  re- 
mainder of  his  career  in  important  offices.  He  rose  to  be  tribunus 
plebis,  then  praetor,  then  pontifex,  and  lastly  consul,  B.  C.  43. 
"  Mulos  qui  fricabat  consul  factus  est."  Gaining  a  victory  over  the 
Parthians,  he  celebrated  a  triumph. 

Servius  Tullius,  the  sixth  king  of  Rome,  was  born  of  a  slave. 

201.  Servis  (as  to  Tullius),  captivis  (as  to  Ventidius). 


SATIRE    VII.  197 

204.  Tharsymachi.  An  emendation  of  Ritschl  (Op.  ii.  541),  for 
Thrasymachi  of  the  MSS.,  for  metrical  reasons.  So  the  Attic  poets 
interchanged  dpdaoi  and  Oiipaog.  Cf.  crocodilus,  corcodilus;  tarpezita, 
tra|xzita.  In  translation,  use  the  ordinary  form  Thrasymaehus.  It 
is  the  name  of  one  of  the  sophists,  who  came  to  Athens  about  the 
middle  of  the  fifth  century  B.  C.  He  was  a  native  of  Chalcedon. 
The  scholiast  says  he  hanged  himself,  but  we  know  nothing  further 
about  his  "  exitus." 

Secundus  Carrinas  was  sent  by  Caligula  into  exile,  because  he 
declaimed  in  his  school  against  tyrants.  The  scholiast  says,  veneno 
prrit. 

205.  Huno  refers  probably  to  Socrates.  We  should  have  expeotod 
ilium,  but  hunc  may  imply  greatness  and  interest  in  the  estimation 
of  the  speaker.  Mayor,  however,  says  that  "  hunc  seems  to  mean  in 
our  own  day,  later  still  than  Carrinas;  and  ausae  has  little  force, 
unless  we  suppose  that  some  one  is  meant,  who  when  banished  re- 
tired to  Athens,  and  there,  as  no  one  would  venture  to  employ  him, 
put  an  end  to  his  life  by  taking  poison.  Nor  was  Socrates  a  teacher 
of  rhetoric.     Markland  supposes  that  a  verse  is  lost." 

206.  Ansae,  who  (i.  e.  Athens)  could  bring  thyself. 

207  sq.  Di  .  .  .  .  terram,  sc.  dent.  Sine  pondere,  an  adjective 
phrase.  See  Nagelsbaeh  Stilistik  75,  2  (p.  203).  The  prayer  that 
the  earth  may  rest  lightly  on  the  ashes  of  the  dead  is  very  frequent 
in  epitaphs.  —  Sometimes  a  sum  of  money  was  left  in  order  to  secure 
a  constant  supply  of  flowers  on  a  tomb. 

211.  Patriis  in  montibus.    On  Mount  Pelion. 

Cui  (with  the  subjunctive  eliceret)  =  talis  ut  ei.  —  Cui.  Cf.  iii.  49. 
Tuno,  then;  in  that  age  of  respect  for  teachers.     Mayor. 

212.  Chiron,  the  Centaur,  taught  Achilles  music  and  other  accom- 
plishments. 

214.  This  weak  disciplinarian,  the  rhetorician  Rufus,  was  a  Gaul, 
and  accordingly  his  class  nicknamed  him  the.  Allohrogian  Cicero. 

215.  Two  grammarians  :  Celadus,  hardly  known  except  from  this 
passage,  and  Palaemon,  who  lived  under  Tiberius  and  Claudius,  and, 
though  profligate,  enjoyed  great  reputation  as  a  teacher. 

217.  Autem,  after  all. 

218.  Custos,  the  paedagogus.  (See  Lexicons.)  Cf.  Horat.  Sat.  i. 
6,81  sq.;  A.  P.  ljBl. 

Acoenonetus,  isoiviivrjnf,  destitute  of  common  feeling,  inconsider- 
ate, selfish.  So  Grangaeus,  Jahn  (in  Greek  letters),  Weidner.  Her- 
mann Ribbeck,  and  Mayor  read  acoenonoetus,  after  P. 

R2 


198  NOTES. 

219.  Qui  dispensat.  The  dispensator,  cashier  or  private  secretary 
of  the  rich  man.  —  The  MSS.  and  editors  vary  between  frangit,  fran- 
gat,  and  franget. 

222.  Dummodo  non  pereat,  quod—.  Provided  it  go  not  for 
naught,  that — . 

223.  Sederet,  would  be  willing  to  sit. 

224.  Obliquo  ferro.  "The  carding  instrument,  consisting  of 
crooked  bits  of  iron  fastened  in  a  board."  Carding  wool  prepared 
it  for  spinning. 

225  sqq.  "  Boys  going  to  school  at  night  carried  lanterns  with 
them.  The  master  had  to  bear  the  smell  of  as  many  lamps  as  there 
were  boys,  and  their  class-books  were  black  with  the  smoke." 
Horace  foresaw  that  his  works  would  become  a  text-book  {Epp.  i. 
20,  17  sq.). 

226.  Stabant.    In  their  classes,  to  recite. 

228.  The  tribunus  plebis  appears  to  have  had  a  kind  of  judicial 
authority  under  the  empire.     Cf.  xi.  7. 

229.  Vos,  you  parents.  What  follows  is  ironical.  —  Leges,  con- 
ditions; demands. 

230.  That  the  teacher  never  be  at  fault  in  his  accidence  or  syntax. 

231.  Omnes  is  taken  with  historias  as  well  as  with  auctores. 

233.  Balnea  are  bathing-rooms  or  houses,  thermae  large  buildings 
intended  for  gymnastic  exercises  and  also  supplied  with  hot  water 
and  vapor  baths.  —  Phoebus  was  a  balneator  of  the  day. 

234-236.  Tiberius  used  to  ask  the  grammarians  such  questions  as 
these:  "who  was  the  mother  of  Hecuba?"  "what  was  Achilles' 
name  when  he  lived  among  the  maidens  in  Scyros  ?  "  "  what  songs 
were  the  Sirens  wont  to  sing?  " 

235.  Anchemolus  was  a  warrior  who  fought  under  Turnus.  Verg. 
Aen.  x.  388-9. —  Acestes.  Verg.  Aen.  i.  195  sqq.,  v.  73,  35  sq. 

236.  Phrygibus  =  Trojanis. 

237.  Ducat,  mould. 

240.  Inquit,  he  (i.  e.  any  father)  says.  Often  used  without  a  sub- 
ject expressed.  —  Cura ;  set.    So  the  best  editors.     P  w,  curas  et. 

241.  In  the  Circensian  games  the  populace  sometimes  demanded 
that  the  editor  ludorum  should  give  the  victorious  charioteer  an  ad- 
ditional reward. 


SATIRE    VIII. 


ARGUMENT. 


1-38.  What  use  are  pedigrees,  ancestral  blood,  statues  an<\  images, 
and  noble  names,  if  in  the  face  of  our  great  ancestors  we  live  amiss 
—  gambling  all  night  and  going  to  bed  at  dawn,  when  they  were  up 
and  inarching?  What  joy  has  Fabius  of  the  Allobroges'  victor,  of 
the  great  altar,  of  his  descent  from  Hercules,  if  he  be  covetous,  a 
fool,  effeminate,  if  he  bring  shame  on  his  rough  ancestors,  turn 
poisoner,  and  disgrace  his  house?  Line  your  whole  house  with 
images,  yet  still  virtue  alone  is  true  nobility.  Be  Paulus,  Cossus, 
Drusus  in  your  morals,  and  give  them  place  before  your  images,  ay, 
and  your  own  lictors  too.  First  I  claim  the  goodness  of  your  heart: 
be  holy,  just,  in  word  and  deed,  and  then  I  count  you  noble.  Hail, 
Gaetulicus  or  Silanus.  From  whatsoever  stock  you  come  to  your 
rejoicing  country,  all  may  cry,  "  Eurekamen !  "  as  they  do  who  have 
found  Osiris.  What  man  is  generous  if  he  be  unworthy  of  his  race, 
illustrious  only  for  his  name?  Nicknames  go  by  contraries.  We 
call  a  dwarf  Atlas,  an  Aethiopian  Cycnus,  a  crooked  girl  Europa,  a 


mangy  dog  a  pard,  a  tiger,  or  a  lion.    See  that  your  great  name  is 
pplied 
39-70.  This  is  for  you,  Rubellius  Blandus,  swelling  with  your 


not  applied  to  you  on  the  same  principle. 


descent  from  Drusus,  as  if  it  were  a  merit  of  your  own  that  you  were 
born  not  of  a  poor  weaver,  but  of  the  great  lulus'  blood.  "  Low 
wretches  (say  vou),  ye  who  cannot  tell  your  father's  birthplace.  I 
am  a  son  of  Oecrops ! "  Long  may  you  live  to  enjoy  your  birth  ! 
But  in  that  low  rabble  you  will  find  a  man  of  eloquence,  who  shall 
defend  some  noble  blockhead,  or  solve  the  riddles  of  the  law;  and 
some  brave  soldiers  too;  while  you  are  all  Cecropian,  as  useless  as  a 
Hermes;  the  only  difference  is,  his  head's  of  marble,  yours  has  life 
in  it.  Tell  me,  O  Trojan,  who  counts  animals  noble  except  they  're 
spirited  and  brave?  We  praise  a  horse  who  has  won  many  races. 
Wherever  he  was  reared  we  call  him  noble  who  beats  the  rest,  while 
a  mere  herd  to  be  put  up  and  sold  are  the  best  bred  if  they  but 
seldom  win.  There  we  have  no  respect  for  ancestry :  they  sell  for 
little,  and  go  to  draw  a  cart  or  grind  a  mill.  So  tell  me  something 
of  your  own  to  engrave  upon  your  bust,  besides  the  honors  that  we 
freely  give  to  those  to  whom  you  Owe  all  that  you  have. 

199 


200  NOTES. 

71-86.  Enough  for  him  who,  lacking  common  courtesy  (rare  in  that 
state  of  life),  is  puffed  up  with  his  relationship  to  Nero.  But  you, 
my  friend,  I  would  not  have  you  valued  upon  the  merits  of  your 
family,  and  you  yourself  do  nothing  for  future  time  to  praise.  'T  is 
poor  to  rest  upon  another's  fame ;  remove  the  pillar  and  the  roof 
tails  in ;  robbed  of  its  elm,  the  vine  comes  to  the  ground.  Be  a  good 
soldier,  honest  guardian,  upright  judge,  witness  inflexible.  Count 
not  your  life  before  your  character,  your  life  before  the  causes  tor 
which  you  live  ;  the  man  that  does  that  deserves  to  die,  though  he 
fare  sumptuously  and  smell  of  all  perfumes. 

87-124.  When  you  have  got  the  province  that  you  've  long  desired, 
put  reins  upon  your  temper  and  your  covetousness ;  pity  the  poor 
natives ;  the  princes  you  will  see  have  all  the  marrow  sucked  from 
out  their  bones.  Think  of  the  laws,  the  trust  committed  to  you,  the 
honors  that  await  the  good,  the  fate  of  those  who  were  condemned  tor 
robbing  the  Cilicians.  Not  that  such  condemnation  is  worth  much, 
when  one  takes  what  another  leaves.  Go,  get  an  auctioneer  to  sell 
your  clothes,  Chaerippus,  and  straight  say  nothing ;  it  were  madness 
to  throw  away  your  fare  to  Rome  besides.  Those  people  suffered  less 
when  they  were  beaten  first :  riches  were  left  them  still,  shawls  and 
dresses,  pictures  and  statues,  and  chased  silver  vessels;  then  came 
your  governors  and  carried  off  more  spoils  from  peace  than  ever 
graced  a  triumph.  Now  the  little  that  they  have  they  '11  lose  it  all. 
You  may  despise,  perhaps,  the  Rhodians,  and  Corinth  too ;  but  take 
good  care  of  Spain,  of  Gaul,  Illyricum,  the  Africans,  who  send  us 
corn  to  feed  our  idleness.  Besides,  they  've  nothing  to  repay  you. 
Marius  has  robbed  them.  Take  care  you  do  no  great  wrong  to  the 
brave  and  poor :  take  all  they  have,  you  will  still  leave  them  arms. 

125-145.  This  is  no  mere  opinion  of  my  own  ;  believe,  the  Sibyl 
speaks.  Be  your  attendants  righteous,  no  favorite  sell  your  judg- 
ments, your  wife  no  harpy,  then,  though  you  may  trace  your  birth 
to  Picus  and  the  Titan  brood,  and  claim  Prometheus  for  your  ancestor, 
you  are  welcome  to  any  pedigree  you  like,  so  far  as  I  am  concerned. 
But  if  ambition,  lust,  and  cruelty  carry  you  headlong,  then  your 
ancestors  only  hold  up  the  torch  to  expose  your  shame.  The  sin  is 
greatest  in  the  greatest  sinner.  Why  boast  yourself  to  me,  you  who 
forge  wills  in  temples  which  your  grandsire  built  before  your  father's 
statue,  and  steal  by  night  in  your  cowl  to  a  deed  of  shame  ? 

146-182.  Fat  consul  Lateranus  degrades  himself  as  a  coachman, 
driving  right  past  the  ashes  of  his  sires  by  night, —  but  the  moon  and 
stars  look  on, —  and  when  his  consulship  is  done,  he  'II  do  it  in  broad 
day,  and  meet  his  aged  friend  without  a  blush.  He  '11  do  the  menial 
work  of  a  groom,  and  when  he  goes  to  sacrifice  to  Jove  he  '11  swear 
by  Epona  and  the  stable  gods.  And  when  he  goes  to  taverns,  the 
greasy  host  comes  out  to  meet  him,  and  with  an  air  salutes  his  lord- 
ship ;  while  the  officious  hostess  brings  the  wine.  "  But  we  all  did 
the  same  when  we  were  young."  Yes ;  but  we  've  left  off.  Such 
faults  should  be  cut  off  with  our  first  beard.  Children  may  be  ex- 
cused ;  but  Lateranus  is  old  enough  for  the  wars.  Send  him  on 
foreign  duty,  O  Caesar,  but  seek  your  legate  in  the  eating-house : 
you'll  find  him  there  with  cut-throats,  sailors,  thieves,  runaway 
slaves  and  executioners  and  drunken  priests  and  undertakers,  all 


SATIRE    VIII.  201 

pot-fellows  together.  What  would  you  do,  had  you  a  slave  such  as 
this?  Of  course  you  'd  send  hiiu  to  the  slaves'  prison  and  the  fields. 
Hut  you  excuse  yourselves,  ye  Trojan-bom.  Brutus  may  do  what 
would  disgrace  a  cobbler. 

183-210.  Bad  though  this  be,  yet  worse  remains  behind.  His 
money  spent,  Damasippus  goes  uj>on  the  stage,  and  Lentulus  acts 
Laureolus  not  badly,  deserving,  as  I  think,  a  real  cross.  The  people 
are  to  blame  to  sit  and  see  patrician  buffooneries.  At  what  price 
they  sell  their  honor  matters  not.  No  tyrant  forces  them,  and  yet 
they  gladly  sell  themselves  to  the  Praetor  for  his  shows.  And  even 
if  the  choice  were  that  or  death,  which  should  they  choose?  Does 
any  one  fear  death  so  much  that  he  should  act  with  Thymele  and 
Corinthus?  But  nobles  acting  as  mimes  are  not  astonishing,  when 
we  've  had  a  harper  like  Nero  for  our  emperor.  After  all  this,  what 
can  there  be  but  gladiatorial  shows  ?  This,  too,  doth  shame  the 
town  ;  Gracchus,  a  noble  and  a  priest,  not  with  helmet  or  shield,  but 
as  a  retiarius,  undisguised  and  with  face  uncovered,  casts  his  net, 
and  failing  flies  the  arena  round  in  sight  of  all  the  theatre.  His 
tunic  and  his  cap  betray  the  priest  of  Mars:  can  we  believe  it? 
More  shame  it  is  than  any  wound  for  him  who  suffers  the  degradation 
of  fighting  with  a  priest. 

211-230.  Were  but  the  people  free,  who  but  would  choose  a  Seneca 
before  a  Nero?  The  death  of  many  parricides  was  his  desert.  His 
crime  was  like  Orestes',  but  it  differed  in  the  cause.  One,  bid  by 
gods,  avenged  his  father's  murder;  but  he  slew  not  his  sister  or  his 
wife:  he  poisoned  no  relations,  never  acted,  never  wrote  a  rubbishy 
poem  on  the  Trojan  War.  What  is  there  that  Nero  did  which  so 
deserved  punishment  at  the  hands  of  Verginius,  Vindex,  and  Gal  ha? 
These  are  the  practices  of  a  high-born  prince,  who  loved  to  sing  in 
foreign  theatres  and  earn  the  parsley  crown  from  Greeks!  Hang  up 
your  dresses  and  your  masks  and  harp,  the  trophies  of  your  glory, 
before  the  statues  of  your  ancestors! 

231-263.  Catilina  and  Cethegus  were  of  lofty  birth,  and  yet  they 
would  have  fired  the  city,  like  savages,  fit  to  be  punished  with  the 
shirt  of  pitch.  But  our  Consul  was  awake  ;  a  new  man  and  not 
noble  guarded  the  whole  town,  and  got  more  fame  in  peace  than  all 
<  Vtavius  won  at  Actiuin  or  Philippi.  Rome  was  then  free,  and  called 
our  Cicero  his  country's  Father.  His  townsman  too,  Marius,  followed 
the  plough  for  hire,  and  had  the  vine-switch  broken  over  his  head 
in  the  ranks.  But  he  stood  single-handed,  and  withstood  the  Cimbri 
and  delivered  Rome,  and  when  the  fight  was  over  he  was  crowned 
before  his  colleague.  The  Decii  were  plebeians,  yet  were  their  lives 
offering  enough  for  all  the  host;  they  were  worth"  more  than  all  that 
they  saved.  A  slave's  son  wore  the  crown  of  Romulus,  and  was  our 
last  good  king.  The  Consul's  sons  would  have  betrayed  the  city,  a 
slave  betrayed  their  purpose:  he  worthy  to  be  wept  by  matrons,  they 
deserved  to  die,  the  first  condemned  by  righteous  laws. 

239-275.  You'd  better  be  ThersiteV  son  and  like  Achilles,  than 
like  Thersites  and  Achilles'  son.  But  go  as  far  back  as  you  will,  you 
still  come  to  the  asylum,  and  whosoe'er  was  founder 'of  your  line 
must  have  been  a  shepherd  or  something  worse.  —  Macleane  with 
mud  ijicut  ions. 


202  NOTES. 

1.  Stemmata,  pedigrees.  The  imagines  of  ancestors  in  the  atria 
of  noblemen  were  painted  masks  of  wax  placed  upon  busts  prepared 
for  the  purpose.  These  busts  with  the  portrait-masks  were  arranged 
in  little  shrines  (armaria),  under  which  inscriptions  (tituli)  pro- 
claimed the  names,  honors,  and  exploits  of  the  ancestors.  The 
imagines  were  encircled  with  wreaths  (stemmata),  running  from  one 
to  another  in  such  a  way  as  to  indicate  the  genealogical  connection 
of  the  persons  represented.  Some  scholars  suppose  that  the  Romans 
had  family-trees,  resembling  our  own  in  form,  on  which  were  small 
medallion  portraits  (pictos  vultus,  imagines  pictas),  encircled  by 
wreaths  running  from  one  to  another;  and  interpret  Plin.  H.  N. 
xxxv.  2,  and  Sen.  de  Ben.  iii.  28,  in  this  manner,  rather  than  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  explanation  given  above. 

Ponticus  was  some  young  noble,  to  whom  Juvenal  addresses  this 
satire  in  the  form  of  an  epistle. 

2.  Pictos  vultus  majorum.  The  waxen  masks,  or  the  painted  faces 
on  the  family  tree :  in  either  case,  the  portraits  of  one's  ancestors. 

3  sq.  The  only  historical  Aemilianus  when  this  was  written  was 
the  younger  Scipio,  P.  Cornelius  Scipio  Aemilianus,  who  gained  the 
agnomen  Africanus.  Triumphal  statues  are  probably  meant,  although 
paintings  may  be  referred  to  (Marq.  5,  1,  248).  —  Dimidios,  broken 
in  half.  —  TJmeros  minorem,  "  short  of  a  head  and  shoulders." 

7.  It  must  be  that  this  verse  is  an  interpolation.  What  the  inter- 
polator meant  by  contingere  virga  is  doubtful.  Virga  has  been  taken 
for  the  fasces,  for  a  broom  to  keep  the  busts  clean,  for  a  wand  with 
which  the  busts  are  pointed  out,  and  for  a  branch  of  the  ancestral  tree 
(like  ramus  (Pers.  iii.  28),  linea).  In  the  latter  case,  translate  multa 
contingere  virga,  to  reach,  through  many  a  branch. 

8.  The  ancient  imagines  of  the  masters  of  the  horse  are  dingy  with 
smoke  from  the  focus  in  the  atrium. 

9.  Coram  Lepidis,  like  ante  Numantinos  (11),  under  the  very  eyes 
of  great  and  noble  ancestors,  i.  e.  in  the  presence  of  their  imagines. 

Quo,  to  what  purpose.  Cf.  verse  142,  Hor.  Epp.  i.  5,  12.  Quo  — 
quam  ad  rem.  Cf.  Cic.  pro  Caelio  52 :  dixeritne  Clodiae  quam  ad 
rem  aurum  sumeret ;  lb.  53 :  dixit  profecto  quo  vellet  aurum. 

11.  Numantinus  was  an  agnomen  given  to  Scipio  Africanus  the 
younger  after  the  capture  of  Numantia,  b.  c.  133.  The  plural  is 
generic,  as  in  verse  13,  and  i.  109.  Cf.  Cic.  pro  P.  Sestio  68 :  quare 
imitemur  nostros  Brutos,  Camillos. 

12.  Quo,  sc.  tempore.  —  Duces,  those  generals,  your  great  ances- 
tors. 


SATIRE    VIII.  203 

13  sq.  Q.  Fabius  Maxiraus  was  surnamed  Allobrogicus  from  his 
victory  over  the  Allobroges  B.  c.  121.  The  Fabia  gens  were  said  to 
be  descendants  of  Hercules  ;  hence  natus  in  Hercules  lare,  "  born 
in  the  household  of  Hercules."  The  ara  maxima,  in  or  near  the 
Forum  Boarium,  was  consecrated  by  Evander  to  Hercules,  according 
to  one  tradition ;  according  to  another  it  was  built  by  Hercules  him- 
self after  slaying  Cacus. 

15.  The  Euganei  were  originally  the  occupiers  of  all  the  country 
which  the  Veneti  afterwards  possessed,  but  were  afterwards  driven 
farther  west  and  south.  The  whole  region  was  famous  for  its 
pastures. 

16.  Effeminate  persons  smoothed  their  bodies  with  pumice-stone. 

17.  Squalentis  traducit  avos,  disgraces  (exposes  to  contempt)  his 
rugged  ancestors.  They  are  rough,  rugged,  in  comparison  with  the 
fine,  soft  skin  of  their  degenerate  descendant. 

18.  The  bust£  and  statues  of  those  convicted  of  capital  offences 
were  destroyed  by  the  common  executioner.  —  Funestat  is  properly 
"defiles  by  blood." 

21.  Moribus,  in  your  morals ;  in  your  character. 

22  sq.  Hos  and  illi  refer  to  moribus.  —  Virgas,  the  fasces. 

24.  Prima,  in  the  first  place. 

25.  Mereris.  The  omission  of  si  is  lively. 

26.  Adgnosco  procerem,  I  recognize  the  nobleman ;  the  true  gen- 
tleman, Nature's  nobleman.  Prooeres  is  generally  reckoned  among 
the  plural  in  tantum. 

27.  28.  The  punctuation  is  that  of  Jahn,  Ribbeck,  Hermann. 

27.  Silanus  was  a  cognomen  in  the  gens  Junia. 

28.  Ovanti.  Congratulating  itself  on  the  possession  of  so  excellent 
a  citizen. 

29  sq.  "  The  Egyptians  worshipped  their  god  Osiris  under  the 
form  of  a  live  bull.  When  the  animal  grew  old,  he  was  drowned, 
under  the  notion  that  the  deity  had  left  his  body,  to  go  and  Inhabit 
that  of  a  younger  bull.  The  new  tenant  was  accordingly  sought  for, 
and  when  recognized,  was  received  with  great  rejoicing,  and  a  cry  of 

tvti/JKdficv,  ovy^aipwuiv." 

30.  Qui,  so.  est. 

32.  It  was  fashionable  in  Rome  to  keep  dwarfs. 

33.  Parvam.  A  few  MSS.  have  pravam,  which  would  be  repeated 
in  extortam.  —  Extortam,  twisted  out  of  sliape,  distorted,  crooked. 

34  sq.  Scabie  vetusta  levibus,  "  hairless  from  inveterate  mange." 
38.  Ne  tu,  sc.  sis.  —  8io,  in  the  same  way,  on  the  same  principle; 


204  NOTES. 

i.  e.,  called  a  Creticus  or  a  Camerinus  in  irony  and  derision.  Sic  is 
the  conjecture  of  H.  Junius,  adopted  by  the  best  editors.  P  si, 
pw  sis. 

40.  Blande.  So  the  MSS.  Some  editors  Plaute,  after  Lipsius, 
hoping  to  escape  a  historical  difficulty.  —  Livia,  wife  of  Augustus, 
had  two  sons,  Tiberius  and  Drusus,  by  her  first  husband  Tiberius 
Claudius  Nero.  The  daughter  of  Drusus,  Livia  or  Livilla,  married 
her  cousin  Drusus  the  son  of  Tiberius.  Their  daughter  Julia  mar- 
ried Rubellius  Blandus;  from  this  union  Rubellius  Plautus  was 
born,  who  incurred  the  jealousy  of  Nero,  and  was  put  to  death  a.  d. 
62.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  character,  devoted  to  the  stoic  phil- 
osophy, and  can  hardly  be  the  person  referred  to  here.  He  had 
children  (Tac.  14,  59),  and  we  may  suppose  that  his  son  was  named 
from  his  grandfather,  and  is  the  Rubellius  Blandus  of  this  passage. 
The  suspicion  was  not  impossible  that  Agrippina  herself  was  his 
mother  (cfT  Tac.  13,  19) ;  or  Juvenal  may  use  the  bold  expression  "  te 
conciperet"  of  the  grandmother  of  Blandus.     (Weidner.) 

42.  Ut,  so  that ;  to  bring  it  about  that. 

43.  Conducta,  for  hire.  —  Aggere.    The  agger  of  Servius  Tullius. 

46.  The  thyivua  KiKporrog  was  proverbial. 

47.  Ima  plebe  =  ex  ima  plebe. 

49.  The  masculine  adjective  in  the  singular  used  substantively 
(nobilis),  itself  takes  an  adjective  (indocti).  Instances  are  found  in 
Cicero.  See  Nagelsbach  Stilistik  25,  6  (pp.  82  sq.).  Macleane  says 
neither  adjective  is  used  as  a  substantive,  and  translates  "  the  noble- 
man who  is  unlearned." 

Veniet.  "  There  will  come  one,"  where  we  should  say  "  there  will 
be  one." 

The  plebs  togata  is  that  part  of  the  poorer  Roman  people  which  could 
only  be  recognized  by  this  national  article  of  dress  as  Roman.  It 
was  not  respectful  for  them  to  appear  before  their  patrons  without 
the  toga. 

51.  Hie,  another  plebeian.  — Juvenis,  a  man  of  fighting  age  (from 
seventeen  to  forty-five),  a  brave  soldier.  —  The  Parthians  and  Arme- 
nians and  the  Batavi  were  formidable. 

52.  Custodes  aquilas.     I.  e.  the  legions  left  to  guard  the  country. 

53.  Hermae  were  statues  composed  of  a  head,  usually  that  of  Hermes, 
placed  on  a  quadrangular  pillar,  the  height  of  which  corresponded  to 
the  stature  of  the  human  body.  They  were  used  to  mark  boundaries, 
or  were  set  up  at  the  doors  of  houses,  in  front  of  temples,  and  in  various 
public  places.  — Trunco.     I.  e.  without  legs  aud  arms. 


SATIRE    VIII.  205 

56.  Teucrorum  proles,    Cf.  i.  1Q0  note. 

58.  Sic.  It  is  on  this  ground  that.—  Facili  —  fervet,  in  honor  of 
whose  easy  triumph,  many  a  hand  is  warm  (with  clapping).  Or  we 
may  take  facili  of  speed;  cf.  Verg.  Aen.  viii.  310  :  facilesque  oculos 
fert  omnia  circum.  Manil.  i.  647 :  circumfer  faciles  oculos  (easily 
turning,  hence  swift). 

59.  Rauco,  hoarse  (with  shouting). 

60.  61.     Notice  the  rhythm  of  these  fine  verses. 

61.  Fuga,  speed. 

62.  Coryphaeus.  Some  famed  racer.  MostMSS.Cory£Aae;P,  Coryte. 

63.  The  race-horse  Hirpinus,  as  it  appears  from  an  old  inscription, 
won  the  first  prize  114  times,  the  second  56  times,  and  the  third  36 
times.  His  grandsire,  Aquilo,  was  the  first  victor  130  times,  the 
second  88  times,  and  the  third  37  times. 

64.  Ibi  =  in  iis,  in  their  case  ;  in  the  case  of  horses. 

66.  Epiredia  were  freight- wagons  which  followed  the  reda  or 
passenger-coach.  (This  explanation  is  preferable  to  that  which  de- 
fines them  as  "  harness.")  Quintilian  (i.  5,  68)  remarks  on  the  word : 
cum  sit  praepositio  graeca,  raeda  gallicum,  neque  Graecus  tamen  ne- 
que  Gallus  utitur  conposito,  Romani  suum  ex  alieno  utroque  fecerunt. 

67.  Nepos  is  some  miller  of  the  day.  The  other  MS.  reading  nepo- 
tes  is  preferred  by  some  editors. 

68.  Privum.  A  conjecture  of  Salmasius,  adopted  by  the  best  edi- 
tors.    Pw  primum. 

1-70.  On  the  sentiment  of  these  lines,  cf.  Chaucer  : 

"Look  who  that  is  most  virtuous  alway 
Prive  and  apart,  and  most  entendeth  aye 
To  do  the  gentle  dedes  that  he  can, 
And  take  him  for  the  greatest  gentleman. 
•  *  *  * 

Men  may  full  often  find 
A  lorde's  son  do  shame  and  vilanie. 
And  he  that  wol  have  prize  of  his  genterie, 
For  he  was  boren  of  a  gentil  house, 
And  had  his  elders  noble  and  virtuous, 
And  n'  ill  himselven  do  no  gentil  dedes, 
Ne  folwe  his  gentil  auncestrie,  that  dead  is, 
He  is  not  gentil,  be  he  duke  or  erl; 
For  vilains'  sinful  dedes  make  a  churl." 

71.  Fama,  report. 

73.  Sensus  communis,  a  sense  of  what  is  due  to  others.  It  implies 
a  sympathy  with  mankind,  and  a  knowledge  of  men  and  things, 

S 


206  NOTES. 

gained  by  sharing  in  the  common  experience  of  life.  More  simply, 
it  may  be  understood  as  a  sense  of  equality,  a  sense  of  one's  commu- 
nity with  others. 

75.  Sic,  in  such  a  way,  or  on  the  condition. 

Futurae  laudis.     Genitive  of  quality. 

79.  An  arbiter  was  different  from  a  judex,  yet  not  quite  the  same 
as  our  "  arbitrator."  In  a  judicium  the  demand  made  was  for  a 
certain  fixed  sum  of  money ;  in  an  arbitrium  the  amount  was  not 
fixed.  In  a  judicium  the  plaintiff  gained  all  that  he  claimed  or 
nothing ;  in  an  arbitrium  as  much  was  given  him  as  seemed  fair. 
The  judicium  was  constituted  with  a  poena  or  per  sponsionem  ;  there 
was  no  poena  in  the  case  of  an  arbitrium.  Lastly,  the  arbiter  was 
possessed  of  a  greater  latitude  than  the  judex,  and  was  armed  with 
something  very  closely  resembling  what  we  call  an  equitable  juris- 
diction. "  Hence  the  more  necessary  for  one  filling  the  office  to  be 
an  upright  man." 

81    sq.  Phalaris  with  his  brazen  bull  had  become  proverbial. 

83,  84.  Pudori,  honor.  These  are  verses  of  splendid  vigor.  —  Vi- 
vendi causas.  Cf.  Plin.  Epp.  i.  12,  3 ;  plurimas  vivendi  causas  ha- 
bentem  :  optimam  conscientiam,  optimam  famam,  maximam  consci- 
entiam,  etc.  Ejusdera  Epp.  v.  5,  4  :  qui  voluptatibus  dediti  quasi  in 
diem  vivunt  vivendi  causas  cotidie  finiunt. 

85.  Perit  (perfect  tense  ;  cf.  iii.  174,  x.  118),  is  dead  already. 

86.  Gaurana  =  Lucrina,  as  the  mons  Gaurus  was  near  the  Lucrine 
lake.  —  Cosmi  .  .  aeno,  though  he  be  plunged  head  over  ears  in  Cos- 
mus's  copper.  Cosmns  was  a  noted  perfumer ;  aenum  is  the  cauldron 
in  which  he  prepared  his  perfumes. 

89.  Socii  refers  to  Eoman  subjects  beyond  the  limits  of  Italy,  — 
the  inhabitants  of  a  province. 

90.  Reges  were  native  princes,  like  those  of  India  under  British 
rule. —  For  medullas  ossibus  exsugere  we  have  ossa  medullis  exsu- 
gnntur  :  the  bones  sucked  dry  of  the  naked  marrow,  instead  of  the 
marrow  sucked  from  the  empty  bones.  On  vacuis  cf.  Cic.  pro  Mar- 
cello  vi.  17  :  gladium  vagina  vacuum  in  urbe  non  vidimus. 

91.  Curia.  The  governors  of  the  senatorial  provinces,  like  those 
of  the  imperial,  received  their  instructions  from  the  emperor  by  re- 
scripta.  But  their  appointment  was  nominally  in  the  senate,  whose 
authority  they  were  supposed  to  represent.     Macleane. 

93.  Cossutianus  Capito  was  appointed  governor  of  Cilicia  A.  D.  56, 
but  the  next  year  he  was  charged  with  extortion  and  degraded. 
(Afterwards,  he  recovered  his  senatorial  rank  through  the  influence 


SATIRE    VIII.  207 

of  Tigellinus,  his  father-in-law.)  Numitor  is  unknown.  The  name 
occurs  vii.  74. 

94.  Piratae  Cilicum,  "  they  who  robbed  the  robbers."  Cilicia  was 
a  notorious  haunt  of  pirates. 

95-97.  Sell  your  old  clothes  at  auction.  "  Turn  all  you  have  into 
cash,  and  hold  your  tongue  (tace).  Don't  think  of  going  to  Rome 
to  obtain  redress ;  you  would  only  be  losing  your  passage  money  iu 
addition  to  your  previous  losses."  Chaerippus  represents  a  delega- 
tion sent  by  the  provincials  to  Rome  to  complain  of  the  extortion  of 
the  governors. 

96.  Pansa  and  Natta.    Unknown  governors. 

97.  Jam,  at  once.  —  Naulon  =  naulurn. 

99.  Modo,  but  recently. 

100.  Acervos  =  acervus.    (Root  ak-,  pointed.    Vanicek.) 

101.  Spartana.  The  seas  off  Laconia  were  among  those  most 
famed  for  the  murex  fishery.  —  The  island  of  Cos  manufactured  light 
and  transparent  cloth  or  silk,  which  was  sometimes  dyed  purple. 

102-104.  The  great  painter  Parrhasius  of  Ephesus  flourished  at 
Athens  during  the  latter  part  of  the  Peloponnesian  war  (about  four 
centuries  B.  c).  Myron,  a  great  sculptor,  the  reputed  artist  of  the 
Discobolos,  Phidias,  (whose  chryselephantine  statues,  as  of  Athene 
in  the  Parthenon,  and  of  Zeus  at  Olympia,  are  here  referred  to,)  and 
Polycleitus  (see  iii.  217  note)  were  a  little  older  than  Parrhasius. 
Mentor  was  a  celebrated  Greek  artist  in  silver,  about  the  middle  of 
the  fourth  century  b.  c.  —  These  works  of  these  artists  are  named  as 
the  chefs  d'oeuvre  of  antiquity. 

103.  Vivebat  expresses  the  life-like  character  of  the  statues.  Cf. 
Virgil's  "  spirantia  aera,"  "  vivos  de  marmore  voltus." 

104.  Multus  labor,  "  many  an  elaborate  work."  — Rarae  sine  Men- 
tore  mensae,  "  few  were  the  tables  without  a  Mentor,"  i.  e.  without  a 
cup  of  Mentor's  chasing  :  as  we  say,  "  a  Titian,"  "  a  Vandyke." 

105.  There  were  three  Dolabellas  who  plundered  provinces.  Our 
reading  is  a  conjecture  of  Ruperti's,  now  generally  adopted  instead 
of  the  MS.  readings  Dalabetta  est  adque  (P),  Dolabella  atque  (w). 
Notice  the  hiatus  before  the  principal  caesura.  To  avoid  it,  Lach- 
mann  (followed  by  Ribbeck  and  Weidner)  reads  Dolabellae,  atque 
drli inc.    Kiaer  defends  Dolabella  atque. 

M.  Antonius  Creticus,  the  son  of  the  distinguished  orator,  and 
father  of  the  triumvir,  plundered  Sicily.  His  brother,  C.  Antonius, 
was  condemned  for  pillaging  the  Macedonians. 

106.  Sacrilegus  Verres.  Cic.  in  Ver.  i.  5,  14 ;  neque  hoc  solum  in 


208  NOTES. 

statuis  ornamentisque  publicis  fecit,  sed  eliam  delubra  omnia,  sanc- 
tisslmis  religionibus  consecrata,  depeculatus  est;  deum  denique  nul- 
lum Siculis,  qui  ei  paullo  magis  affabre  atque  antiquo  artificio  factus 
videretur,  reliquit. 

Altis,  deep-laden. 

107.  Triumphs  here  for  spoils,  such  as  graced  triumphs.  More 
spoils  of  peace  than  of  war.    109.  Capto  agello.    Dative. 

Ill,  112.  These  two  verses  are  found  in  all  the  MSS.,  but  are  gen- 
erally suspected  by  critics.  Heinrich  would  change  unicus  into 
unus,  and  omit  the  clause  haec  —  maxima. 

Aedicula,  a  niche  or  recess,  for  a  shrine. 

113.  Unctam,  essenced. 

114.  Resinata,  with  their  skin  smoothed  with  resin. 

116.  Horrida,  shaggy,  rugged.  The  emphatic  position  of  this  word 
(which  is  contrasted  with  resinata,  levia)  supplies  the  want  of  an  ad- 
versative particle.  —  Axis  =  plaga. 

117.  Latus,  coast. 

118.  Vacantem,  that  has  leisure  only  for ;  that  gives  its  time  to. 

119.  Autem,  besides,  moreover. 

120.  Maiius.  See  i.  47  sqq.  note.  —  Discinxerit,  has  stripped. — As 
a  contrast  to  Marius,  Scipio  may  be  quoted,  who  said  of  himself,  Cum 
Africam  totam  potestati  vestrae  subjecerim,  nihil  ex  ea  quod  meum 
diceretur  praeter  cognomen  retuli  (Val.  Max.  iii.  7,  1).  So  Horat. 
(Carm.  iv.  8,  18)  qui  domita  nomen  ab  Africa  lucratus  rediit. 

125.  Non  est  sententia,  is  no  mere  opinion  of  my  own.  —  Inferior 
MSS.  and  editors  omit  est,  connecting  verum  as  an  adverb  with  the 
next  line. 

127.  Comitum.  The  persons  composing  the  staff  and  suite  of  the 
governor  of  the  province. 

128.  Acersecomes,  aKepaeKdftw,  with  unshorn  locks;  an  epithet  of 
Apollo.     Here,  a  long-haired  minion. 

Conjuge.  "  The  avarice  and  rapacity  of  the  women,  who  followed 
their  husbands  to  their  governments,  had  long  been  a  subject  of  com- 
plain t." 

129.  Conventus,  the  circuits ;  used  both  of  the  district  courts  and 
of  the  districts  themselves. 

130.  Celaeno.  I.  e.  (like)  a  Harpy. 

131.  Licet,  although.  Some  MSS.  and  editors  have  tunc  licet,  in- 
stead of  tu  licet  ( P  S  gh  s).  —  Picus,  son  of  Saturn  and  father  of 
Faunus,  was  the  earliest  mythical  king  of  Latium. 

132.  Pugnam.  For  "  warriors  ;  "  "  the  whole  host  of  the  Titans." 


f< 


SATIRE    VIII.  209 

134.  Libro,  book  (of  legends). 

135.  Quod  si,  but  if.    So  Horat.  Epp.  vii.  25.    Praecipitem,  sc.  te. 
139.  Pudendis,  your  shameful  deeds. 

140  sq.  Compare  the  words  of  Julius  Caesar :  in  maxuma  fortuna 
minuma  licentia  est. 

142.  After  quo,  to  what  purpose,  there  is  often  an  ellipsis.  Supply 
here  jactas.  "  What  is  the  use  of  your  boasting  of  yourself  to  me,  if 
you  're  in  the  habit—  etc."  —  Signare,  to  set  your  seal  to. 

143.  Wills  were  sometimes  executed  and  kept  in  the  temples. 

146.  Cf.  i.  171  note. 

147.  There  was  a  T.  Sextius  Magius  Lateranus  who  was  consul  A. 
D.  94. 

148.  Adstringit  multo  sufflamine,  locks  with  the  frequent  drag- 
chain. 

152.  Numquam.  Jahn  and  Weidner  nusquam  (dft).  I  follow  Pw, 
with  most  editors.  —  Trepidare  governing  a  noun  in  the  ace.  is  rare 
and  post-classical.    Cf.  x.  21  and  Sen.  (?)  Here.  Oet.  1062. 

153.  Jam,  quite  (in  the  English  sense).  "  Though  an  old  man,  and 
likely  to  be  horrified."  Juvenal's  dislike  for  charioteering  and  horse- 
racing  was  (at  least  relatively)  excessive.  "It  would  have  been 
well,"  as  Lewis  says,  "  if  the  Roman  nobility  had  never  amused 
themselves  in  a  more  reprehensible  way."  The  amusement,  however, 
seems  to  have  brought  them  into  low  associations.  At  the  present 
day,  it  is  probably  not  the  most  honored  and  useful  members  of  the 
English  nobility  that  are  found  in  the  "  Four-in-hand  Club." — Virga 
prior  annuet,  will  be  the  first  to  give  him  a  salute  with  his  whip.  — 
Maniplos,  sc.  feni,  bundles  of  hay.  Old  English  "  bottles  of  hay," 
as  in  Shakspere. 

154.  Horses  in  Italy  are  fed  on  barley. 

155.  Interea,  meanwhile;  so  long  as  he  is  still  consul.  —  Every 
year  at  the  Latin  holidays  the  consuls  sacrificed  to  Jupiter  Latiaris 
on  the  Alban  mount.  Originally  a  white  steer  was  offered.  Some 
scholars  think  that  robum  here  is  simply  robustum.  Cf.  Paul.  Diac, 
p.  264. 

Robum,  red.  An  archaic  word,  e  re  sacra  petitum  (Madvig  ,  wed 
here  to  harmonize  with  more  Numce.  It  is  given  by  the  scholiast, 
aixl  i>  now  generally  adopted.     Pw,  torvum. 

157.  Epona.  From  equus.  In  the  Italian  dialects  p  is  often  found 
for  qu,  e.g.  pis  =  quis.  — So  sequ-or  is  from  the  same  root  as  btouai. 
Among  the  facies  pictae  over  the  stalls  may  have  been  that  of  Bubona. 

158.  Instaurare,  to  repeat  his  visits  to.    The  word  is  used  partic- 
14  — Juv.  S2 


210  NOTES. 

ularly  of  solemn  ceremonies,  and  there  seems  to  be  a  certain  humor 
in  it  here.  The  solemn  rites  which  he  prefers  and  pays  again  and 
again  are  those  of  the  midnight  taverns. 

159.  Obvius  implies  "  sponte  se  offerens,"  "  promptus,"  "  paratus." 

160.  Editors  generally  mark  this  verse  as  of  doubtful  genuineness. 
Hermann  brackets  the  first  two  words  in  it  and  the  last  three  in  the 
preceding  verse.  "  The  gate  of  Idumsea  "  would  mean  a  place  through 
which  the  traffic  of  Idumaea  passed. 

161.  With  the  officious  politeness  of  a  host,  he  salutes  him  as  "  my 
lord  "  and  "  king." 

162.  The  hostess,  with  her  clothes  tucked  up  to  facilitate  her 
movements,  bustles  in  with  a  bottle  of  wine  (lagona  =  lagena),  for 
which  he  will  pay  a  round  price. 

163.  Dicat.  So  Jalin,  Eibbeck,  Weidner ;  dic*t  P  ;  dicet  pw. 

164.  Nempe,  of  course.     (And  so  in  verse  180.) 

168.  Thermae  is  here  generally  taken  as  equivalent  to  thermopo- 
Hum,  a  place  where  hot  wine-and-water  was  sold.  But  as  drinking 
went  on  at  the  baths  (Sen.  Ep.  122;  Mart.  xii.  70),  in  or  near  which 
there  were  probably  drinking  "  bars  "  and  popinae,  it  may  well  be 
taken  in  its  proper  sense.  —  Inscripta  lintea  are  curtains,  or  awnings, 
bearing  names  or  devices  to  serve  the  purpose  of  our  sign-boards. 
They  may  hang  before  low  eating-houses  or  stews. 

169  sq.  He  is  old  enough  to  protect  the  empire  by  arms  (bello) 
against  the  Parthians  and  Germans. 

170.  Nero  is  used  generically,  for  the  emperor  of  the  day. 

171.  Mitte  Ostia,  send  (him)  to  Ostia,  to  embark  for  a  foreign  war. 
The  name  of  the  town,  Ostia,  is  generally  of  the  first  decl.,  fern. ;  but 
Charisius  says  the  neut.  plural  form  was  often  used.    So  Strabo,  v.  2 : 

t&  6'  "Slnrta  iariv  tnivtiov  rrji  'Fu/jitis. 

173-178.  "  The  scene  is  one  that  Hogarth  might  have  drawn," — as 
the  commentators  have  said,  one  after  another. 
173  sq.  Jacentem,  lying  at  table. — Fugitivis,  sc.  servis. 

176.  The  priest  of  Cybele  is  lying  dead-drunk  upon  his  back,  with 
his  silent  drum  (or  tambourine)  beside  him.  —  The  tympana,  as  it 
appears  from  old  paintings,  were  struck  with  the  open  hand. 

177.  Aequa  ibi  libertas.    "  It 's  liberty-hall." 

179  sq.  On  the  mood  and  tense,  cf.  Hor.  Sat.  i.  1,  63. 

180.  Lucanos,  sc.  agros.  — Ergastula  were  private  prisons  attached 
to  most  Roman  farms,  where  the  slaves  were  made  to  work  in  chains. 
Sometimes  slaves  were  taken  from  the  ergastulum,  still  chained,  to 
till  the  fields.     In  Lucania  and  Etruria  there  were  great  latifundia 


SATIRE    VIII.  211 

and  pasture-lands,  which  harbarous  slaves  were  employed  to  culti- 
vate. 

182.  Cerdoni.  Cf.  iv.  153  note.  —  Volesus  Valesius  was  the  an- 
cestor of  the  patrician  gens  Valeria,  and  hence  of  Valerius  Poplicola, 
who  was  associated  with  Brutus  in  the  first  consulship. 

185.  Damasippus  seems  to  be  a  typical  name,  borrowed  from  Hor- 
ace (Sat.  ii.  3),  for  a  man  of  birth  and  fortune  who  had  ruined  himself. 

186.  Sipario,  to  the  curtain,  where  we  should  say,  to  the  stage. 
The  siparium  answered  the  purpose  of  the  modern  drop-scese  ;  but 
it  was  depressed  when  the  scene  began,  and  raised  again  when  the 
play  was  ended.  —  The  noisy  "  Ghost "  was  a  mime  by  Catullus,  who 
was  a  noted  mime-writer.    Cf.  xiii.  Ill ;  Mart.  v.  30. 

187  sq.  In  the  mime  Laureolus,  the  chief  character  (here  taken 
by  Lentulus,  another  dissolute  nobleman)  was  that  of  an  artful 
slave  who  was  caught  in  some  knavery  and  crucified.  Lentulus  ap- 
pears to  be  crucified  in  the  mimic  scene  on  the  stage,  but  he  deserves 
a  real  cross.  —  Velox,  because  he  tried  to  run  away  from  his  punish- 
ment. 

190.  Triscurria  (tri-  and  scurra),  gross  buffooneries.  This  word  is 
a  iiraf  tlf>f)iitvoi>  in  the  language.  The  tri-  is  intensive,  as  in  triparcus 
tri  fur,  trifurcifer,  triportenta,  triveneficus,  triperditus,  "  thrice-great 
Hermes." 

191.  Planipedes  =  mimi.  The  actors  of  mimes  appeared  pedibus 
plants  (=  nudis),  unlike  those  of  tragedy,  who  wore  the  cothurnus, 
and  those  of  comedy,  who  wore  the  soccus.  • 

The  Fabia  gens  claimed  descent  from  Hercules.    Cf.  verse  14. 

192.  The  Mamerci  were  a  noble  family  of  the  Aemilia  gens.  The 
whole  gens  traced  its  descent  from  Mamercus,  a  son  of  Numa. 

Alapas.  Inferior  characters  on  the  stage,  —  slaves,  parasites,  buf- 
foons, —  were  slapped  on  the  face  and  cuffed  about  by  superior  per- 
sonages.   Cf.  v.  171  note. 

Quanti  sua  funera  vendant,  at  how  great  a  price  they  sell  the  fu- 
neral of  their  honor.    Juvenal  says,  "  their  own  obsequies,"  for 

"when  honor  dies, 
The  man  is  dead." 

For  funera  Ribbeck  adopts  munera,  a  gratuitous  conjecture  of 
Dobree's. 

193.  Suetonius  says  Nero  caused  four  hundred  senators  and  six 
hu  ml  red  knights  to  fight  in  the  arena.  The  number  is  probably  ex- 
aggerated. 


212  NOTES. 

194.  In  Juvenal's  time  the  praetor  presided  over  the  public  games. 
He  sat  on  his  curule  chair,  raised  above  the  other  seats.  Celsi,  seated 
on  high.  This  verse  is  regarded  by  Kibbeck  and  some  others  as 
spurious. 

196.  Quid  satius,  which  of  the  two  is  to  be  preferred  f  The  use  of 
quid  for  utrum  is  not  without  example  in  prose.  In  Juvenal  it 
occurs  only  here. 

Exhorruit  ==*  horret.  Has  any  one  become  so  terrified  at  =  is  any 
one  so  terrified  at.  As  a  present  meaning  may  be  conveyed  by  a  per- 
fect, so,  on  the  other  hand,  a  perfect  may  be  represented  by  a  present : 
thus  ardet  is  perfect  with  reference  to  exardescit. 

197.  Zelotypus,  the  jealous  husband  in  the  play.  —  Thymele,  a  no- 
torious mima.  Cf  i.  36.  —  The  stupidus  is  the  blockhead  who  gets 
knocked  about.  Cf.  v.  171  note.  —  Corinthus,  an  actor  secundarum, 
i.  e.  of  such  parts  as  the  stupidus,  morio,  parasitus. 

198.  Nero  appeared  on  the  stage  as  a  harper.  —  For  mimus  (PS) 
inferior  MSS.  read  natus. 

199  sqq.  Ludus  (sc.  gladiatorius),  the  school  in  which  they  learn 
the  gladiator's  art,  with  a  lanista  for  their  teacher.  (Madvig,  Opusc. 
ii.  184.)  —  Et  illic,  etc.,  here,  too  :  i.  e.  in  this  low  art,  also,  you  have 
—  a  disgrace  to  the  town  —  Gracchus  fighting  in  the  arena,  not  even 
choosing  such  costume  and  arms  as  would  serve  as  a  disguise,  but  as 
a  retiarius  with  uncovered  face,  and  actually  wearing  the  gold- 
fringed  tunic  and  tall  conical  cap,  with  flowing  ribbons,  which 
marked  him  as  a  priest  of  Mars.     (But  see  note  on  207  sq.,  infra.) 

200.  The  myrmillones  (mirmillones)  were  armed  with  a  helmet, 
short  sword,  and  oblong  shield  covering  the  greater  part  of  their 
body.  The  Thraces  (Threces)  also  had  helmets,  swords,  and  round 
shields. 

201.  The  falx  is  a  short  sword  or  sica.  —  Supina,  uplifted ;  (Hein- 
rich  says  it  is  "  incurva." ) 

203  sqq.  "  Retiarii  carried  only  a  three-pointed  lance,  called  tri- 
dens  or  fuscina,  and  a  net,  rete,  which  they  endeavored  to  throw 
over  their  adversaries,  and  then  to  attack  them  with  the  fuscina 
while  they  were  entangled.  The  retiarius  was  dressed  in  a  short 
tunic,  and  wore  no  armor  on  his  head.  If  he  missed  his  aim  in 
throwing  the  net  ("  nequiquam  effudit"),  he  betook  himself  to  flight 
(206),  and  endeavored  to  prepare  his  net  for  a  second  cast,  while  his 
adversary  followed  him  round  the  arena  in  order  to  kill  him  before 
he  could  make  a  second  attempt.  His  adversary  was  usually  a  secu- 
tor  (210),  or  a  mirmillo." 


^  l    w.    ..   n  r,    y 

or  THE 

UNIVERSITY 

TIREofVIII. 

205.  Spectacnla  =  spectatores. 

207  sq.  Can  we  believe  our  eyes,  when  we  see  him  fighting  in  the 
arena  in  the  dress  of  the  Salii  ?  Are  we  to  give  credence  to  his  tunic, 
as  it  stretches  all  golden  from  his  neck  and  the  twisted  strings  flutter 
from  his  tall  cap  t  The  Salii,  who  were  chosen  from  the  patricians, 
wore  a  gold-embroidered  tunic  with  a  gold  fringe  around  the  border, 
and  a  tall  conical  cap  or  mitre,  fastened  under  the  chin  by  a  gold 
band  of  twisted  work.  Some  understand  jactetur  spira  of  a  knot 
of  ribbons  floating  in  the  air  at  the  top  of  the  cap. 

So  commentators  generally.  A  very  different  (and  possibly  the 
correct)  explanation  of  this  passage  is  given  by  Kiaer,  who  places  a 
semicolon  after  harena  (206),  and  a  comma  after  credamus,  removes 
the  comma  after  tunicae,  and  ends  verse  208  with  a  period.  His 
translation,  which  excludes  any  reference  to  the  Salii,  is  this :  We 
may  believe  that  it  is  he,  when  (in  his  flight  j  the  golden  cord  stretches 
from  the  neck  of  his  tunic,  and  floats  out  from  his  long  armlet.  "  Gar- 
rucius  dicit  galerum  esse  manicam  e  corio  vel  aere  factam,  qua 
retiarii  sinistrum  bracchium  tegeretur,  quaeque  supra  hutnerum  ex- 
staret.  Idem  spiram  docet  fuisse  funiculum  gladiatorium,  qui  in 
signis  atque  tabulis  pictis  a  sinistro  humero  ad  dextram  coxam  cir- 
cumcurrens  et  manicam  cum  balteo  conjungens  videri  possit." 

212.  Some  of  those  who  joined  in  Piso's  conspiracy  against  Nero 
(A.  D.  65)  had  the  ultimate  aim  in  view  of  raising  Seneca  to  the 
throne.    Cf.  Tac.  Ann.  xv.  65. 

213  sq.  Non  una,  more  than  one ;  not  one  alone.  —  Parricides  were 
whipped,  sewn  up  in  a  sack  with  a  dog,  a  cock,  a  viper,  and  an  ape, 
and  thrown  into  the  sea,  or,  where  the  sea  was  not  at  hand,  exposed 
to  wild  beasts.  Nero  killed  his  mother,  Agrippina,  his  wives  Octa- 
via  and  Poppaea,  his  step  sister  Antonia,  his  step-brother  Britanni- 
cus,  and  his  aunt  Domitia,  and  is  supposed  to  have  had  a  hand  in 
the  death  of  his  father  by  adoption,  Claudius. 

215.  Agamemnonidae.  Orestes.  There  was  a  verse  current  at 
Home  in  Nero's  days  :  fit  <wv,  'Ocitmn,  ' A>*/iatwv,  iitjrpoKTuvoi. 

216.  Hie,  that  famed  man  of  old  (Orestes). 

217.  Media  inter  poeula.    So  Homer,  Odyss.  xi.  409  sqq. : 

'AAXa  ftoi  Afyiodos  T£«)fi{  6avar6v  rt  ft6pov  Tt 
tKra  avv  ojAo^/vjA  &\oXy  oiKovftc  KctXdaoas, 
itmviaaas,  Gti  rifn  KariKTavt  (iovv  hi  <PdTvg. 

218.  He  did  not  kill  his  sister  nor  his  wife. 


214  NOTES. 

219.  Conjugii  =  conjugis.  Orestes  married  his  cousin  Hermione, 
daughter  of  Menelaus  and  Helen. 

220  sq.  Nero  went  upon  the  stage  first  at  Naples,  where  he  ap- 
peared several  times.  He  wrote  an  epic  poem  on  the  taking  of  Troy, 
which  he  recited  publicly  in  the  theatre.  He  is  said  to  have  recited 
it  also  as  Rome  was  burning,  while  he  looked  out  from  a  tower  and 
admired  the  beauty  of  the  flames. 

221  sqq.  Quid  is  defined  by  quod  .  . .  fecit  (223),  where  quod  (the 
MSS.  giving  quid)  is  a  conjecture  of  Madvig's,  now  generally  adopted. 
The  sense  is,  Quid  ex  omnibus  ejus  factis  magis  ulcisci  debuit?  (Mad- 
vig  Opusc.  ii.  199  sqq. ;  Roth  Kl.  Schr.  ii.  432.) 

"L.  Verginius  Rufus  was  governor  of  Upper  Germany,  when  Ju- 
lius Vindex,  propraetor  of  Gaul,  rose  against  Nero,  A.  d.  68.  Vindex 
having  offered  Galba,  governor  of  Hispania  Tarraconensis,  the  em- 
pire, Galba  also  revolted.  Verginius  marched  against  Vindex,  pro- 
testing that  he  would  acknowledge  no  one  as  emperor  till  he  had  been 
proclaimed  by  the  senate.  At  Vesontio  (Besangon)  the  two  generals 
are  said  to  have  had  a  conference,  and  to  have  agreed  to  unite  against 
Nero ;  but  an  engagement  took  place,  and  Vindex,  being  defeated, 
died  by  his  own  hand.  Verginius  afterward  aided  in  the  establish- 
ment of  Galba,  and  several  times  refused  the  empire  for  himself. 
His  funeral  oration  was  pronounced  by  Tacitus,  who  was  consul  that 
year  (A.  D.  97)."  "  It  is  rather  strange  to  find  Juvenal  coupling  him 
with  Vindex,  as  the  epitaph  composed  by  himself  for  his  tomb  ran 
thus : 

Hie  situs  est  Rufus,  pulso  qui  Vindice  quondam 
Imperium  asseruit  non  sibi  sed  patriae." 

225  sq.  Nero  went  through  Greece,  A.  D.  67,  reciting  in  the 
theatres  and  contending  for  the  prizes  at  the  games.  He  received  no 
less  than  eighteen  hundred  crowns,  partly  in  compliment,  and  partly 
for  his  so-called  victories  ;  and  on  his  return  to  Rome  he  entered  the 
city  in  triumph,  wearing  on  his  head  an  Olympic  crown  of  wild 
olive,  and  bearing  in  his  hand  a  Pythian  crown  of  laurel,  while  he 
had  the  catalogue  of  his  victories  borne  before  him.  The  parsley 
crown  has  special  reference  to  the  musical  contests  at  the  Nemean 
games,  in  which  a  chaplet  of  parsley  was  the  prize. 

228  sq.  Nero's  father  was  Cn.  Domitius  Ahenobarbus,  for  a  statue 
of  whom  he  asked  the  Senate  A.  D.  54,  the  year  he  came  to  the 
throne.  —  Besides  the  Greek  plays  on  these  subjects,  there  were  Latin 
tragedies/ which  were  very  likely  imitations  of  them.    Thus  Varius 


* 


SATIRE    VIII.  215 

wrote  a  Thyestes,  Nero  himself  an  Antigone,  and  both  Ennius  and 
Accius  a  Menalippe.  —  The  syrma  (from  avput)  was  a  robe  worn  by 
the  tragic  actors,  which  had  a  train  trailing  upon  the  ground.  —  Per- 
sonam, the  mask.  —  Menalippe  —  Melanippe.  Euripides  wrote  a 
tragedy  with  this  title.— I  read  Antigones  aut  after  Hermann.  Jahn 
and  Ribbeck,  Antigonae  seu  (P).    Many  MSS.  give  Antigones  tu. 

230.  The  marble  colossus  is  probably  the  colossal  statue  of  one  of 
Nero's  ancestors. 

231.  Catiline  was  of  the  gens  Sergla,  one  of  the  oldest  of  the 
patrician  families  (cf.  Verg.  Aen.  v.  121).  Cethegus,  his  chief  com- 
panion in  his  conspiracy,  was  of  a  still  more  distinguished  family,  in 
the  gens  Cornelia. 

234.  The  reference  is  to  the  Gauls,  the  inveterate  enemies  of  Rome. 
Before  the  formation  of  the  separate  province  Gallia  Narbonensis, 
the  Romans  gave  the  inhabitants  the  name  Bracati  (Braccati),  from 
their  wearing,  like  nearly  all  other  nations  not  Greek  or  Roman, 
braccae,  i.  e.  "  breeks  "  or  "  breeches."  These  trowsers  were  looser 
than  we  wear  them  now,  but  not  so  loose  among  the  European  nations 
as  in  the  East.  There  may  be  au  allusion  here  to  the  Allobroges,  a 
Gallic  people  in  this  quarter,  who  had  been  invited,  through  their 
ambassadors,  to  join  in  the  conspiracy  of  Catiline.  The  Senones 
were  an  ancient  Gallic  tribe  on  the  Seine  ;  (their  name  still  survives 
in  Sens.)  They  invaded  Italy  in  the  time  of  the  Tarquins,  and 
settled  on  the  Adriatic  (where  they  have  left  a  record  of  themselves 
in  the  name  of  Senigaglia) ;  and  this  was  the  tribe  that  took  and 
burned  Rome  B.  C.  390. — Minores,  the  descendants.  "Weidner  under- 
stands -que  in  this  verse  thus  :  the  sons  of  the  Gauls,  and  indeed  the 
descendants  of  the  Senones, —  that  very  tribe  that  took  Rome. 

235.  Tunioa  molesta,  "with  the  tunic  of  torture.'1  This  was  a 
tunic  covered  over  with  (or  made  of)  paper,  pitch,  wax,  and  other 
combustibles,  which  was  put  upon  the  victims,  who  were  bound  to  a 
stake,  and  then  lighted. 

236.  Vigilat  consul.  Cic.  in  Cat.  i.  8 :  Intelliges  multo  me  vi- 
gilare  acrius  ad  salutem,  quam  te  ad  perniciem  reipublicae. 

Vezilla  =  troops,  bands. 

237  sq.  Cicero  was  born  B.  c.  106  at  Arpinum,  a  town  of  Latium 
and  a  municipium.  He  was  the  first  of  his  gens  that  had  curule 
honors,  and  was  therefore  novus  homo  and  ignobilis  (no  noble;  not 
"  ignoble  "  in  our  sense).  —  Modo  .  .  eques,  but  the  other  day  only  a 
municipal  knight  living  at  Rome. 

238.  Galeatum.    Hence,  ready  for  action.    Cf.  i.  169. 


216  NOTES. 

239.  Attonitis,  M  for  the  bewildered  citizens,"  who  knew  nothing 
of  the  reasons  for  these  things. 

In  omni  monte,  on  every  hill  (of  Rome),  i.  e.  throughout  the 
whole  city.  Monte  (S)  is  now  adopted  by  the  best  editors.  Other 
readings  are  gente  (pw)  and  ponte  ("  legitur  et  ponte  "  S).  In  P  the 
first  two  letters  are  erased  or  illegible. 

240.  The  toga  represents  peace,  and  civil  functions. 

241  sq.  From  Leucas  means  from  the  battle  of  Actium,  which 
place  was  about  thirty  miles  north  of  the  island  of  Leucas  or  Leu- 
cadia.  From  the  plains  of  Thessaly  refers  to  the  battle  of  Philippi, 
—  inaccurately,  as  Philippi  is  in  Macedonia  adjecta,  a  district  origi- 
nally Thracian.  —  The  original  name  of  Augustus  was  C.  Octavius ; 
but  he  dropped  this  at  his  great  uncle's  death,  and  then  became  C. 
Julius  Csesar  Octavianus,  to  which  the  title  of  Augustus  was  added 
B.  c.  27.  —  In  241  with  Ribbeck  I  adopt  Hermann's  conjecture,  vix. 
The  MSS.  give  in  (P  S  f  g  h),  and  non  (pu>).  Non  is  certainly  inad- 
missible.   The  true  reading  may  be  quantum  Leucate  (Kiaer,  p.  87). 

243  sq.  Set  —  dixit.  But  Rome  called  Cicero  "  Parent,"  Rome 
called  him  "  Father  of  his  Country,"  when  she  was  free.  It  was  an 
enslaved  Rome  that  gave  that  title  to  Augustus. 

245.  Arpinas  alius.    C.  Marius. 

247.  The  vine  switch  was  the  centurion's  baton  of  office,  and  was 
also  used  for  military  floggings.—"  Broke  with  his  head"  =  had  the 
switch  broken  over  his  head. 

248.  The  dolabra  was  a  hatchet  on  one  side,  but  had  a  pick  on  the 
other.  Ancient  writers  speak  of  breaking  through  ice,  felling  trees, 
breaking  through  and  undermining  walls,  and  performing  various 
other  operations,  with  dolabrae. 

249.  In  B.  c.  101  Marius  and  Q.  Lutatius  Catulus  defeated  the 
Cimbri  on  a  plain  called  Campi  Raudii,  near  Vercellae  in  Gallia 
Cisalpina.  —  Re  rum,  of  the  State. 

252.  Majora  cadavera.  The  Cimbri  were  remarkable  for  their  size. 

253.  Nobilis,  nobly  born. 

254-258.  "  The  Decii  were  a  plebeian  family,  but  a  very  old  one; 
for  at  the  secession  of  the  plebs,  B.  C.  494,  M.  Decius  was  one  of  the 
deputies  sent  by  them  to  treat  with  the  senate."  P.  Decius  Mus, 
father  and  son,  devoted  themselves  to  death  in  battle,  thereby  secur- 
ing the  victory  to  the  Romans :  the  first  in  the  war  against  the  Latins 
(Liv.  viii.  9),  the  second  in  that  against  the  Gauls  (Liv.  x.  28).  The 
formula  of  devotion,  after  calling  on  the  gods,  finished  with  these 
words :  Pro  re  publica  Quiritium,  exercitu,  legionibus,  auxiliis  pop- 


SATIRE    VIII.  217 

uli  Romani  Quiritium  legiones  auxiliaque  hostium  mecum  diis  Ma- 
nibus  Tellurique  devoveo  (Liv.  viii.  9).  — Quae  servantur.  In  this 
concise  expression,  quae  suggests  everything  that  was  great  in  Rome, 
her  wealth,  her  power,  her  splendor,  her  dominion. 

259.  Ancilla  natus.  I.  e.  Servius  Tullius.  —  The  trabea  was  a 
white  robe,  with  stripes  of  purple,  supposed  to  have  been  worn  by 
the  kings.  —  The  diadema  was  a  baud  or  fillet. 

260.  Meruit,  earned  by  his  merits ;  won. 

261-268.  Juvenal  refers  to  the  participation  of  the  sons  of  Brutus, 
the  first  consul,  in  the  conspiracy  for  restoring  Tarquinius  Superbus. 
They  were  the  very  men  from  whom  some  great  exploit  in  behalf  of 
liberty  only  partially  established  (dubia,  still  doubtful)  might  have 
been  expected,  such  as  Mucins  (who  thrust  his  right  hand  into  the 
fire)  in  unison  with  Codes  (who  kept  the  bridge)  might  admire,  and 
the  virgin  Cloelia,  who  swam  across  the  Tiber  and  escaped  from  the 
camp  of  Porsena. 

261.  Laxabant,  were  on  the  point  of  loosening ;  were  ready  to  loosen. 
265.  Imperii  fines.  After  the  surrender  of  the  city  to  Porsena,  the 

Romans  lost  their  territory  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river. 

Tiberim.  Accusative  of  the  space  over  which  the  action  extends. 
More  simply,  we  might  have  had  Tiberim  tranatavit. 

266  sq.  He  that  revealed  the  crime  was  a  slave ;  and  he  deserved 
to  be  mourned  by  the  matrons,  even  as  was  the  consul  Brutus  himself. 

268.  The  first  axe  of  the  laws  signifies  the  first  execution  under 
the  laws  of  a  free  state.  The  constitution  of  Massachusetts  indicates 
the  difference  between  arbitrary  and  republican  government,  in  the 
happy  phrase,  "  to  the  end  that  it  may  be  a  government  of  laws,  and 
not  of  men." 

269  sqq.  Thersites,  the  deformed  and  odious  braggart  and  slan- 
derer in  Homer  (//.  ii.  212  sqq.).  —  Aeacidae,  Achilles.  —  Vulcania 
arma.    Cf.  Horn.  II.  xviif.  369  sqq. 

272.  Et  tamen,  and  after  all.  —  Ut  longe,  however  far  back.-H.e- 
volvere  nomen  =  revolvendis  volurainibus  quaerere  nomen. 

273.  Asylo.    Cf.  Liv.  i.  8;  Dionys.  Hal.  ii.  215. 

275.  Even  Romulus  and  Remus  had  been  brought  up  as  shepherds. 

***  This  satire  abounds  in  sharp  contrasts,  as  those  between  Nero 
and  Seneca,  Cicero  and  Catiline,  Marius  and  Catulus,  the  Decii 
and  the  patricians,  the  sons  of  Brutus  and  the  slave ;  so  also  the 
picture  of  a  worthy  noble  is  followed  by  examples  of  the  opposite, — 
noble-born  coachmen,  actors,  gladiators.     (VVeidner.) 

T 


SATIRE    X. 


ARGUMENT. 

1-11.  In  all  the  world,  but  few  can  tell  good  from  its  opposite. 
When  are  our  fears  or  hopes  guided  by  reason?  What  wish  when 
gained  is  not  repented  of?  The  gods,  too  kind,  ruin  whole  houses 
at  their  own  desire.  In  peace  and  war  we  pray  for  what  must  hurt 
us :  the  gift  of  eloquence  or  sinewy  arms  are  fatal  both  alike. . 

12-27.  But  more  are  choked  with  money,  that  theirs  shall  excel  all 
other  men's  fortunes.  For  this  in  tyrannous  times  by  Nero's  bidding 
Longinus,  Seneca,  and  Lateranus  were  shut  up  in  their  houses:  but 
guards  are  seldom  set  to  watch  a  garret.  The  empty  traveller  sings 
in  the  robber's  presence ;  carry  a  little  silver  cup  or  two  and  you 
shall  start  at  every  reed  that  moves.  But  wealth  is  our  first  prayer ; 
and  yet  no  poison  lurks  in  earthen  mugs,  'tis  in  the  jewelled  cup 
and  Setian  wine  you  have  to  fear  it. 

28-53.  Did  not  the  sages  well  then,  one  who  laughed  and  one  who 
wept  whene'er  he  went  abroad  ?  Any  can  laugh,  but  where  the 
other  got  his  store  of  tears  we  well  may  wonder.  Democritus  could 
laugh  forever,  yet  those  towns  had  no  abuses  like  our  own.  Suppose 
he  had  seen  the  Praetor  going  to  the  games  in  his  tall  chariot  with 
Jove's  tunic  on,  with  folds  of  purple  toga,  and  a  great  crown,  too 
big  for  any  neck,  borne  by  a  slave  placed  in  the  same  chariot  with 
him,  of  course  to  lower  his  pride ;  an  eagle  on  his  ivory  staff,  on  one 
side  trumpeters,  on  the  other  friends  and  citizens  in  white,  friends 
whom  his  dole  makes  such.  Why,  even  there  he  laughed  at  every 
turn,  showing  that  men  of  mind  are  found  even  in  dullest  times.  He 
mocked  the  cares,  the  joys,  sometimes  the  very  tears  of  men,  bade 
Fortune  hang  herself,  and  pointed  at  her. 

54-113.  So  all  our  prayers  are  idle  or  they  're  mischievous.  Some 
by  the  envy  which  is  linked  with  power,  some  by  long  rolls  of  honors 
are  undone;  their  statutes  fall,  triumphal  chariots  are  hacked  to 
pieces.  The  flames  are  crackling,  see  Sejanus  burns,  and  from  that 
face,  second  to  only  one,  are  pots  and  pans  and  kettles  made.  Ite- 
joice!  Sejanus  through  the  streets  is  dragged,  and  all  are  happy. 
" Look  at  his  lips,  his  face:  I  never  loved  the  man;  but  who  ac- 
cused him,  how  lias  the  offence  been  proved  ?  "  "A  wordy  long  epistle 
came  from  Capreae."     "  No  more,  1  ask  no  more.     But  what  of  the 

218 


SATIRE    X.  219 

rabble  ?  "  "  They  follow  fortune  and  they  hate  the  fallen.  Had  but 
the  Tuscan  prospered  and  taken  the  old  man  off  his  guard,  that  self- 
same hour  they  had  hailed  him  emperor.  We  've  grown  indifferent 
since  our  votes  were  sold,  and  they  who  once  gave  all  the  honors  dow 
mind  nothing  but  their  belly  and  the  games."  "I  hear  that  many 
are  to  share  his  fate."  "  Of  course ;  the  fire  is  large."  "  I  met  Brutidius 
looking  rather  pale;  Ajax  will  be  for  punishing  us  all  for  not  sup- 
porting him:  let 's  run  and  tread  upon  tin;  corpse,  and  let  the  slaves 
be  witness."  This  was  what  people  whispered  of  Sejanus.  Would 
you  be  bowed  to  as  he  was,  and  have  his  power,  and  be  the  guardian 
of  a  tyrant,  living  on  a  lonely  rock,  surrounded  by  astrologers?  Of 
course  you  like  promotion,  aiid  whv  not?  But  what  is  rank,  if  mis- 
ery be  its  measure?  Which  would  you  rather  take,  Sejanus's  toga 
or  the  rags  of  a  country  Aedile?  He  then,  you  must  allow,  knew 
not  what  he  should  ask  :  for  he  who  prayed  for  too  much  power  did 
only  build  himself  a  tower  to  fall  the  farther  from.  What  ruined 
Crassus,  Caesar,  and  Pompeius  ?  The  rank  they  sought  by  every  art, 
and  gods  too  prone  to  listen  to  their  prayers,  1  ew  kings  and  tyrants 
die  a  natural  death. 

114-132.  Boys  pray  Minerva  for  Demosthenes's  or  Cicero's  elo- 
quence, and  yet 't  was  this  that  killed  them.  'T  was  genius  that  lost 
its  head  and  hands.  Small  pleaders  never  dyed  the  rostra  with 
their  blood.  Had  he  writ  all  as  he  wrote  poetry,  then  Cicero  might 
have  mocked  Antonius's  swords.  I'd  rather  be  the  author  of  his 
poems  than  of  his  famous  speech.  A  cruel  death  was  his,  too,  who 
held  the  reins  of  the  full  theatre  before  admiring  Athens,  whom  with 
bad  omens  born  his  father  sent  to  school  from  the  forge. 

133-167.  The  spoils  of  war  some  count  the  height  of  human  hap- 
piness; for  this  do  all  great  captains  rouse  themselves.  The  thirst 
for  fame  is  greater  than  for  virtue ;  for  take  away  her  honors  who 
would  love  her?  The  glory  of  a  few  then,  thirsting  for  epitaphs  to 
be  inscribed  upon  their  tomb  till  the  fig  splits  it,  has  wrecked  their 
country :  tombs  themselves  must  perish.  Put  Hannibal  in  the  scales  ; 
how  many  pounds  in  that  great  general,  whom  Africa  could  not  hold  t 
He  wins  Jlispania,  leaps  across  the  Pyrenees,  and  splits  the  Alps 
with  vinegar.  Now  he  's  in  Italy.;  that's  not  enough  ;  he  counts  it 
nothing  till  he  plants  his  flag  in  the  streets  of  Rome.  A  glorious 
picture  that,  the  one-eyed  captain  on  his  elephant!  What  was  the 
issue  then?  O  glory  !  he  himself  is  beaten,  sent  into  exile,  and  there 
sits  at  the  king's  door  till  he  be  pleased  to  wake.  The  soul  that 
shook  the  world,  a  ring  laid  low.  Go,  fool,  and  scale  the  Alps,  that 
boys  may  learn  to  wonder  and  declaim!  168-173.  For  Bella's  boy 
one  world  was  not  enough  :  its  narrow  limits  were  to  him  as  Qyarus 
or  Seriphus:  yet  when  he  came  to  Babylon  a  coffin  satisfied  him. 
Death  reveals  how  small  we  little  men  are.  173-187.  The  credulous 
believe  that  Xerxes  cut  through  Athos,  and  all  the  lies  of  Greek 
historians:  he  bridged  the  sea  and  drank  up  rivers,  flogged  the 
winds,  and  chained  the  earth-shaker  —  how  merciful  not  to  have 
branded  him  !  Sure  any  of  the  gods  would  have  been  glad  to  be  his 
slave!  But  how  did  he  get  back  from  Salamis?  Why,  with  one 
ship,  through  seas  choked  with  the  corpses  of  his  men.  This  was 
the  penalty  his  glory  found. 


220  NOTES. 

188-245.  "  Give  me  long  life,  O  Jove,  and  many  years  ! "  So  un- 
abashed and  eagerly  you  pray.  But  age  is  full  of  ills  :  an  ugly  face, 
tough  skin,  cheeks  flabby,  wrinkles  like  a  monkey.  In  youth  there  'a 
some  variety,  old  men  are  all  alike  ;  with  trembling  voice  and  limbs, 
bald  head  and  running  nose,  and  toothless  gums,  a  burden  to  them- 
selves and  all  about  them.  His  taste  is  gone  of  meat  and  drink ;  the 
finest  music  gives  him  no  enjoyment.  What  matter  where  he  sits  at 
the  theatre?  He  cannot  hear  the  very  horns  and  trumpets.  His 
slave  must  bawl  when  visitors  are  announced  or  when  he  tells  him 
what 's  o'clock.  The  blood  runs  cold  and  scanty  in  his  veins,  and  it 
requires  a  fever  to  keep  him  warm.  A  troop  of  all  diseases  dances 
around  him ;  so  numerous  I  could  sooner  reckon  Hippia's  loVers, 
Themison's  victims,  how  many  villas  my  old  barber  has.  One  has 
the  rheumatism,  one  the  lumbago,  one  sciatica:  this  one  is  blind, 
that  one  is  fed  by  others;  he  would  grin  once  at  the  sight  of  dinner, 
now  gapes  like  a  young  swallow  for  his  food.  But  worst  of  all  is 
dotage  that  forgets  its  servants,  friends,  and  children  :  makes  a  will 
and  gives  its  money  to  a  harlot.  But  though  he  keeps  his  senses,  he 
must  see  his  friends  all  dying  round  him.  This  is  the  penalty  of 
age,  to  pass  its  days  in  mourning  for  the  dead.  246-257.  Nestor  of 
course  was  happy,  who  lived  to  be  as  old  almost  as  the  crows.  But 
see  him  mourning  by  Antilochus's  pyre,  asking  what  crime  he  had 
done  that  he  should  live  so  long.  See  Peleus  weeping  for  Achilles, 
Laertes  for  his  wandering  son.  258-288.  Had  Priam  died  before 
the  war  of  Troy,  his  sons  had  carried  him  to  burial  with  solemn 
rites  and  mourning  women,  his  daughters  at  their  head.  What  did 
he  get  by  living?  He  saw  all  Asia  fall  by  fire  and  sword,  then  put 
his  armor  on  and  ran  to  the  altar  like  an  old  ox  to  perish.  His 
death,  however,  was  a  man's:  his  wife  survived  him  and  she  died  a 
dog.  But  passing  by  Pontus's  king  and  Croesus  and  the  lesson 
Solon  gave  him,  look  at  Marius,  exiled,  imprisoned,  swamped,  and 
begging  bread  where  he  was  late  a  victor.  Who  had  been  happier 
had  he  breathed  his  last  when  he  came  down  from  his  triumphal 
chariot?  Pompeius  had  a  fever  sent  him,  but  the  prayers  of  many 
towns  prevailed,  and  so  his  fortune  saved  him  to  lose  an  army  and 
his  head.  This  Lentulus  was  spared,  Cethegus  too  died  whole,  and 
Catilina  fell  no  mangled  carcass. 

289-329.  Mothers  will  pray  for  beauty  for  their  children.  Why 
should  they  not?  Lucretia  bids  us  ask  not  for  form  like  hers  :  Vir- 
ginia would  have  changed  for  the  hunchback  girl.  Seldom  do 
chastity  and  beauty  go  together:  though  your  child  be  trained  with 
all  simplicity,  though  nature  guard  him  with  a  modest  mind  and 
blushing  face,  great  risks  attend  him.  "  But  if  he  's  chaste,  his 
beauty  will  not  hurt  him."  Nay,  did  Hippolytus's  virtue  profit  him, 
or  did  Bellerophon's  ? 

329-345.  How  would  you  counsel  Silius,  when  Messalina  had  re- 
solved to  marry  him  ?  The  best  and  handsomest,  a  noble  youth,  is 
hurried  to  his  death  by  the  Empress's  eyes.  The  veil  is  on  her  head, 
the  portion  settled,  and  the  auspices  declared.  Is  it  a  private  busi- 
ness? No,  she  must  marry  as  becomes  her  state.  Now  make  your 
choice,  marry  or  die  before  the  evening  falls ;  marry  and  die  when 
the  Prince  hears  of  it.    You  '11  have  a  few  days'  reprieve ;  he  '11  be 


SATIRE    X.  221 

the  last  to  learn  his  own  disgrace:  so  do  her  bidding.    Either  way, 
thy  fair  neck  sutlers  for  it. 

346-366.  Must  we  then  ask  for  nothing?  Leave  the  gods  them- 
selves to  settle  what  is  good  for  us.  They  give  us  what  is  best,  not 
nleasintest.  We  ask  in  the  heat  of  passion  for  wife  or  children,  and 
know  not  what  they'll  prove.  But  if  you  must  pray,  let  it  be  for 
health,  a  healthy  body  and  a  healthy  mind ;  for  a  stout  heart  that 
fears  not  death,  but  counts  the  end  of  life  a  gift  of  nature;  able  to 
bear  its  toils,  patient,  content,  preferring  the  labors  of  Hercules  to 
lust  and  appetite  and  luxury.  This  vou  may  give  yourself;  a  tran- 
quil life  lies  in  the  path  of  virtue,  fortune,  thou  hast  no  power,  if 
we  have  Prudence  at  our  side  :  'tis  we,  'tis  we,  make  thee  a  goddess, 
and*  et  thee  up  in  heaven.    Macleane,  with  modifications. 


1  sq.  Usque  Auroram  et  Gangen.  The  use  of  the  adverb  usque  as  a 
preposition  is  rare,  even  in  the  poets.  It  is  generally  followed  by  ad, 
except  before  terminal  accusatives  of  the  names  of  towns  (as  Cic.  in 
Pis.  51 :  a  Brundisio  usque  JKomam  agmen  perpetuum). 

3.  Illis  multum  diversa.     A  euphemism  for  vera  mala. 

4.  Nebula,  mist. — Ratione,  intelligently,  with  right  understand- 
ing. 

5.  Quid  tarn  dextro  pede  concipis,  what  purpose  do  you  conceive  so 
auspiciously.  The  expression  dextro  pede  implies  a  happy  approach, 
—  a  felicitous  coming  up  to,  or  starting  out  for,  some  object.  Porters 
in  Rome  used  to  call  out  to  guests  about  to  enter  the  house,  dextro 
pede!  —  The  reading  of  inferior  MSS.  concupu  is  a  clerical  error; 
and  Ribbeck's  conjecture  conripis  is  uncalled  for. 

5,  6.  Ut  —  peracti,  that  you  do  not  repent  after  you  have  made 
your  attempt  and  accomplished  your  wish.  Conatus  of  course  gen- 
itive. 

7.  Evertere.  The  perfect  here  resembles  a  gnomic  aorist;  but  it 
could  not  be  replaced  by  everttre  solent.  The  English,  have  over- 
thrown,  very  well  represents  it.  In  the  Greek  gnomic  aorist  the 
historical  element  is  always  a  part  of  the  meaning;  it  is  said  that 
something  happened  in  the  past,  and  it  is  left  for  the  mind  to  take  it 
as  an  example  of  what  often  or  customarily  happens.  Sometimes 
our  idiom  compels  us  to  sink  the  historical  statement  in  translation, 
and  use  our  present  of  a  general  truth  ;  but  in  such  cases  we  lose  the 
vividness  and  the  pictorial  character  of  the  original. 

Domos,  families. 

Optantibus.  Ribbeck  read  operantibus,  with  cod.  Bernensis  61. 
T2 


222  NOTES. 

8.  What  is  the  force  of  faciles  1 
Toga  =  in  pace. 

9.  Torrens.     Cf.  iii.  74 :  Isaeo  torrentior  ;  x.  127-8. 

10.  Sua,  his  native,  his  inborn  (eloquence). 

Viribus  ille  confisus.  Ille  would  seem  to  indicate  some  one  well 
known.  The  scholiast  says  the  reference  is  to  Milo  of  Crotona,  the 
athlete,  wedged  in  the  trunk  of  the  tree  which  he  strove  to  rend,  and 
devoured  by  wolves.  Macleane  refers  ille  to  the  soldier,  as  opposed 
to  the  orator.  Heinrich  and  Macleane  read  admirandusgue  (11), 
after  a  few  inferior  MSS. 

11.  Periit.  The  last  syllable  is  lengthened  here  in  the  arsis,  before 
the  caesura.  The  fact  that  i  in  the  termination  of  the  perf.  3  sing, 
was  originally  long  (Lachmann,  Fleckeisen,  Bitschl,  Corssen),  ex- 
plains its  frequent  occurrence  as  long  in  the  oldest  poets,  and,  after 
it  had  become  short,  made  it  easier  for  the  poets  of  the  Augustan 
age  to  lengthen  it,  when  metrical  considerations  urged  them.  But 
Juvenal  is  very  ready  to  lengthen  a  short  syllable  in  this  situation, 
and  needed  not  the  aid  of  any  historical  consideration. 

13.  Before  exuperans  (exsuperans)  supply  tanto,  to  correspond 
with  quanta  (14).     Cf.  xiii.  31. 

14.  Ballaena  (balaena).  "  In  Juvenal's  time,  whales  probably 
came  as  far  south  as  Great  Britain  more  commonly  than  they  do 
now." 

15.  Temporibus  diris,  "  in  the  reign  of  terror." 

16  sq.  Longinum  clausit  =  Longini  domum,  clausit.  Cf.  Juno 
regina  dedicata  est,  for  fanum  Junonis  ;  Nagelsbach  Stilistik  §  16. 
C.  Cassius  Longinus,  a  distinguished  jurist,  was  consul  and  praetor, 
and  a  man  of  wealth.  Nero  in  jealousy,  banished  him.  —  The  phi- 
losopher Seneca,  the  tutor  of  Nero,  was  enormously  wealthy.  The 
conspiracy  of  Piso  gave  the  emperor  a  pretext  for  putting  him  to 
death.  He  was  dining  at  his  villa,  four  miles  from  Rome,  when  the 
tribune  came  with  the  fatal  mandate.  Tacitus  says  (Ann.  xv.  60)  : 
illo  propinqua  vespera  tribunus  venit  et  villain  globis  militum  sepsit. 
—  The  patriotic  Plautius  Lateranus,  consul  designatus,  also  suffered 
death  for  complicity  in  the  conspiracy  of  Piso. 

18.  Conors,  sc.  praetoria.  —  Varro  (L.  L.  v.  33,  45)  shows  how  ce- 
naculum  came  to  mean  a  garret  or  chamber  in  the  attic :  ubi  cenabant 
cenaculum  vocitabant;  posteaquam  in  superiore  parte  cenitare  coe- 
perunt,  superioris  domus  universa  cenacula  dicta. 

19.  Puri,  plain  ;  without  any  figures  or  chasing. 

21.  Ad  lunam,  in  the  moonlight.    Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  iv.  513.    More 


8ATIRE    X.  223 

strictly,  it  is  before  the  moon,  in  the  presence  of  the  moon,  and  is 
thus  vivid  and  poetical.  —  Trepidabis  umbras.     Cf.  viii.  152,  note. 
25.  Foro.  The  bankers'  offices  were  in  and  about  the  forum. 

27.  Setinum.  The  favorite  vintage  in  Juvenal's  time.  Cf.  v.  34  ; 
xiii.  213. 

Ardebit,  shall  glow ;  shall  give  its  color  in  the  cup.  I  prefer  this 
to  Mayor's  explanation,  which  refers  the  word  to  the  wine's  burning 
the  palate. 

28.  Jamne.  The  enclitic  -ne  is  used  here,  where  we  should  expect 
nonne,  an  affirmative  answer  being  called  for.  So  in  Greek  we  find 
5p«  for  a/  ob.  —  Jam  =  quod  cum  ita  sit.  —  Laudas.  Do  you  not  think 
it  well,  —  approve  the  fact. 

29.  30.  The  laughing  philosopher  was  Democritus  of  Abdera;  the 
weeper,  Heracleitus.  —  Contrarius  auctor,  the  opposite  authority; 
the  teacher  of  the  opposite  view.  ^^ 

31.  Rigidi  oensura  cachinni,  the  censure  of  a  hard  sardonic  laugh. 
The  genitive  is  specific.  Laughter  is  the  kind  of  censure  which 
Democritus  employs. 

34.  Urbibus  illis.  Abdera,  Ephesus,  and  the  cities  of  those  days. 

35.  The  tribunal  was  a  raised  platform  {0l)t*a,  French  tribune)  in 
the  basilica,  on  which  the  praetor  and  the  judices  sat  when  they  held 
their  courts  of  law. 

36  sqq.  The  Ludi  Circenses  were  preceded  by  a  grand  procession 
in  which  the  praetor  rode  in  a  triumphal  chariot  with  all  the  insignia 
of  a  triumph.  — The  tunica  Jovis  (called  also  tunica  palmata)  was 
worn  only  on  triumphal  occasions.  Together  with  the  toga  picta  (38, 
39),  it  was  kept  in  the  temple  of  Jupiter  Capitolinus.  —  Piotae  sar- 
rana  aulaea  togae,  the  purple  hangings  (i.  e.  cumbrous  folds)  of  the 
embroidered  toga.  Pictae,  sc.  acu.  Sarrana,  Tyrian,  Sarra  (Sara) 
being  a  name  in  one  of  the  Greek  epics  which  was  ascribed  to 
Homer,  and  in  the  early  Latin  writers  (Ennius,  Plautus),  for  Tyre. 

39-42.  One  of  the  slaves  owned  by  the  state  rides  in  the  same 
chariot  as  the  triumpher,  to  keep  down  his  pride;  this  slave  holds  a 
heavy  golden  crown  set  with  jewels.  The  victor  himself  wore  a 
crown  of  laurel.  —  The  praetor  is  here  called  consul,  from  th?  orig- 
inal association  of  the  two  names,  and  because,  before  the  reign  of 
Augustus,  it  was  the  consul  that  presided  at  the  Circensian  games. 

43.  Da  nuno  =  add  now.  —  Volucrem,  the  eagle.  —  Sceptro.  Abl. 
of  point  of  origin  or  departure.  Juvenal  omits  the  preposition  (c), 
as  in  iii.  271. 

44  gq.  Praeoedentia  longi  agminis  officia  =  praecedentes  longo 


224  NOTES. 

agmine  officiosos,  the  clients  marching  before  him  in  long  array. 
Officia,  abstract  for  concrete,  as  often  consilium,  conjugium,  remi- 
gium,  servitium,  and  other  words.  Weidner  takes  officia  for  the 
officials ;  but  officium  is  often  used  of  attendance  on  the  great.  Cf. 
iii.  239.  —  Niveos.  White  was  the  color  worn  on  festive  occasions. 
Men  wishing  to  make  a  good  appearance  at  such  times  sent  their 
togas  to  the  fulloto  have  an  extra  whitening. 
Ad  fre^a,  by  his  bridle  ;  walking  by  his  horses'  heads. 

46.  Defossa,  buried  deep. 

47.  Invenit.  Sc.  Democritus.  —  Omnis.  Accusative  plural. 

50.  Vervecum  in  patria,  "  in  the  native  country  of  mutton-heads  " 
(blockheads).  The  people  of  Abdera  were  proverbial  for  dulness. 
Mart.  x.  25 :  Abderitanae  pectora  plebis  habes. 

53.  Itedium  unguem.  The  middle  finger,  digitus  infamis,  the 
finger  of  scorn. 

54.  Ergo,  so  then.  — Aut  vel,  or  even.  —  Aut  vel  is  a  conjecture'of 
Doederlein's,  adopted  by  Hermann,  Jahn,  and  Weidner.  The  MSS. 
(one  excepted,  which  gives  vel  alone)  read  simply  aut,  thus  leaving 
an  hiatus.  Among  the  conjectural  readings  proposed  are  aut  et  and 
haec  aut.  Lachmann  proposed  ergo,  supervacua  aut  ne  perniciosa 
petantur,  placing  an  interrogation  mark  at  the  end  of  verse  55 ;  Rib- 
beck  follows  Lachmann,  placing,  however,  a  colon  at  the  end  of  line 
54,  and  no  mark  of  punctuation  after  ergo.  But  considering  the  fre- 
quency with  which  Juvenal  uses  a  short  vowel  in  the  arsis  before 
the  caesura,  and  even  admits  an  hiatus  there,  Kiser  may  be  right  in 
reading  with  the  MSS.  simply  aut  perniciosa. 

55.  "  For  which  we  deem  it  right  to  cover  the  knees  of  the  gods 
with  the  waxen  tablets  of  our  vows."  The  custom  alluded  to  is  that 
of  placing  in  the  lap  of  the  statues  of  the  deities  supplicated  waxen 
tablets  containing  vows  written  out.  Madvig  proposes  the  emenda- 
tion of  reading  incerate  in  the  imperative,  which  Jahn  adopts;  this 
change  requires  a  period  or  colon  after  petuntur. 

56.  Subjecta,  exposed. 

57.  Mergit,  sc.  eos  (the  same  persons  as  quosdam). 

57,  58.  Honorum  pagina,  the  list  of  their  honors,  inscribed  on  a 
bronze  tablet  set  up  before  the  busts. 

58-64.  Their  statues  are  pulled  down  and  dragged  along  by  ropes ; 
the  triumphal  chariots  and  horses  of  bronze  or  marble  are  broken 
up;  the  brazen  statues  are  melted  down. 

62.  Ingens,  as  Lewis  says,  seems  to  have  a  double  reference  to  the 
greatness  of  Sejanus  himself,  and  the  size  of  his  colossal  statue. 


SATIRE    X.  225 

63.  Sejanus,  favorite  of  Tiberius,  and  practically  left  to  wield  the 
supreme  power  in  Rome,  as  "the  second  man  in  the  world,"  while 
that  tyrant  was  living  in  debauchery  at  Capreae,  at  last  excited  ihe 
emperor's  suspicion,  and  fell  suddenly  from  the  height  of  greatness. 
Tiberius  sent  a  dispatch  to  the  senate,  expressing  (with  his  usual 
vagueness  and  indirection)  his  apprehensions.  The  senate  at  once 
decreed  the  death  of  Sejanus,  and  he  was  executed  the  same  day. 
His  body  was  dragged  about  the  streets,  and  finally  thrown  into  the 
Tiber. 

65  sq.  Ornament  the  house,  and  offer  sacrifice,  as  for  a  festive 
occasion.  —  Cretatum.  "  Either  =  candidum,  or  else  in  allusion  to 
the  habit  of  chalking  over  any  dark  spots  when  an  ox  white  all  over 
could  not  be  found."  The  scholiast  cites  here  from  "  Lucretius  " 
(regarded  universally  as  misplaced  for  Lucilius),  Cretatumque  bovcm 
duci  ad  Capitolia  magna.  —  Unco,  the  hook  by  which  the  bodies  of 
condemned  criminals  were  dragged  to  the  Tiber  or  the  Scalae  Gemo- 
niae. 

67-88.  A  conversation  between  two  citizens,  returning  from  the 
execution;  one,  (who  is  always  the  questioner,)  curious,  anxious, 
time-serving;  the  other,  (who  maybe  regarded  as  expressing  the 
views  of  the  poet  himself,)  dignified,  calm,  judicious. 

70.  Indicium  is  the  evidence  of  an  accomplice  turned  informer. — 
Probavit,  sc.  Tiberius. 

72.  Bene  habet,  it's  all  right;  that's  enough. 

73.  Bemi  is  used  by  the  Roman  poets  where  we  should  expect 
Romuliy  when  metrical  considerations  demand.  —  Other  readings 
are  tremens  {»>)}frcmens  ($). 

74.  Nortia  (perhaps  =  Nevortia,  'Arpomx,  cf.  Bergk,  Philol.  16, 
443),  an  Etruscan  deity  of  Fortune  or  Destiny.  Into  the  wall  of  her 
temple  at  Volsinii  a  nail  was  driven  every  year;  there  was  a  similar 
custom  in  the  temple  of  the  Capitol ine  Jupiter  at  Rome. 

Tusco,  i.  e.  Sejano.  Sejanus  was  an  Etrurian  by  descent,  and  born 
at  Volsinii. 

75.  Oppressa  foret  secura,  had  been  caught  off  its  guard. 

77.  Ex  quo  (sc.  tempore)  suffragia  nulli  vendimus.  With  Utter 
sarcasm,  Juvenal  speaks  of  the  people's  loss  of  the  right  of  suffrage 
as  the  loss  of  the  right  of  selling  their  votes.  Tiberius,  two  years 
after  he  became  emperor,  pat  an  end  to  the  little  influence  in  public 
allairs  which  Augustus  had  left  with  the  people,  by  transferring  the 
election!  from  the  Comitia  to  the  senate.  Neqne  populus  ademptum 
jus  questus  est  nisi  inani  rumore.  (Tac.  Ami.  i.  15.) 
15  — Juv. 


226  NOTES. 

78.  Eifudit,  sc.  turba  Remi.  —  Curas,  (public)  cares. 

79.  Imperium,  fasces.  Dictatorships,  consulships,  praetorships. — 
Legiones.  Perhaps  the  command  of  armies;  or  the  military  tribune- 
ships,  two-thirds  of  which  were  assigned  in  the  comitia. 

81.  Panem,  i.  e.  the  public  distribution  of  bread.  Cf.  vii.  174. 
Macleane  takes  it  as  simply  "  bread,"  the  want  of  all,  whether  they 
received  the  public  dole  or  not. 

82.  Magna  est  fornacula.  It  can  hold  many  statues  besides  those 
of  Sejanus. 

83.  Brutidius  Niger  was  a  distinguished  orator  and  rhetorician  in 
the  time  of  Tiberius.  He  was  probably  a  partisan  of  Sejanus,  and 
trembled  lest  he  should  share  his  fate.  —  The  altar  of  Mars  was  in 
the  Campus  Martius. 

84  sq.  "  I  very  much  fear  lest  the  baffled  Ajax  will  wreak  his 
vengeance  upon  him,  for  his  feeble  defence."  Lewis  explains  the 
reference  of  victus  Ajax  to  Tiberius  as  follows.  "  The  poet  has  in 
his  mind  the  legend  of  Ajax  conquered  by  Ulysses,  and  the  mad 
rage  which  seized  on  him  after  his  defeat,  when  he  butchered  the 
sheep,  thinking  they  were  his  enemies.  So  the  speaker  is  repre- 
sented as  fearing  that  a  similar  butchering  frenzy  will  seize  Tiberius, 
whom  he  compares  to  Ajax,  and,  as  Ajax  was  conquered,  he  affixes 
the  epithet  victus  to  him,  without  seeming  to  notice  that  it  does  not 
fit  Tiberius.  '  I  am  afraid  that  we  are  going  to  have  a  repetition  of 
the  story  of  conquered  Ajax,  —  an  undiscriminating  massacre.' "  In 
like  manner  Macleane  comments  on  male  defensus :  u  Under  the 
character  of  Ajax,  enraged  with  the  leaders  of  the  army  for  not  tak- 
ing his  part  against  Ulysses  [Sejanus],  the  man  means  Tiberius,  who 
in  his  letter  to  the  senate  expressed  great  alarm,  and  begged  them  to 
send  one  of  the  consuls  with  a  guard  to  conduct  him,  a  poor  solitary 
old  man,  to  their  presence.  These  apprehensions,  whether  real  or 
pretended,  the  senate  might  well  fear  would  be  visited  on  them,  and 
they  hastened  to  remove  the  cause  of  them,  aud  everybody  con- 
nected with  him.    This  is  what  Niger  had  to  fear." 

Madvig  (Opusc.  i.  44)  proposes  a  very  different  explanation.  The 
controversy  between  Ajax  and  Ulysses,  he  says,  for  the  arms  of 
Achilles,  was  a  frequent  subject  for  deciamattones  (cf.  vii.  115),  and 
had  been  taken  by  the  rhetorician  Brutidius,  who  espoused  the  cause 
of  Ajax.  The  speaker  says,  jokingly,  he  fears  Ajax  is  going  to 
exact  the  penalty  of  the  death  of  the  declaimer,  for  his  frigid  de- 
fense of  his  cause.     Mayor  and  Anthon  follow  Madvig. 

87.  The  testimony  of  slaves  against  their  masters  could  be  received 


SATIRE    X.  227 

only  in  cases  of  high  treason,  when  they  could  be  examined  by  tor- 
ture. (Cod.  x.  11,  6.)  Tiberius  evaded  the  rule  by  ordering  that  the 
slaves  should  be  purchased  by  the  actor  publicus.     (Tac.  Ann.  ii.  30.) 

87.  In  jus.  Augustus  made  the  senate  a  high  court  of  justice,  and 
gave  it  the  right  of  taking  cognizance  of  crimes  against  the  state  and 
the  person  of  the  emperors. 

88.  Cervice  obstricta.  With  a  rope  about  his  neck :  the  common 
way  in  which  a  resisting  culprit  was  taken  before  a  magistrate. 

90.  Salutari.  To  have  your  morning  levees  thronged. 

91,  92.  Illi,  ilium.  Like  r£  ,,/»>,  rdv  ii. 

Summas  curules,  sc.  sellas,  the  highest  curule  offices,  —  consul- 
ships, censorships,  praetorsbips,  curule  aedileships. 

Tutor,  guardian.  Sejanus  was  virtually  regent  at  Rome,  and  for 
a  time  had  Tiberius  completely  under  his  control. 

94.  Grege  Chaldaeo.  Chaldaea  was  looked  upon  as  the  bead- 
quarters  of  astrology,  magic,  and  sorcery  ;  as  may  be  gathered  from 
the  book  of  Daniel.  Tiberius  was  slavishly  devoted  to  the  astrol- 
ogers in  his  latter  years  :  "  superstition  and  vice  are  often  comrades." 

94  sq.  Vis  .  .  .  domestica.  Variously  taken  as  meaning,  Do  you 
wish  for  yourself  promotion  (as  primipilus  centurio,  praefectus  co- 
horti,  eques  egregius,  and  praefectus  praetorio) :  Do  you  wish  the 
power  of  promoting  others  to  these  offices :  and  Do  you  wish  for 
javelins,  cohorts,  a  brilliant  train  of  equestrian  attendants,  and  a 
domestic  camp,  —  i.  e.  do  you  wish  to  be  attended  by  a  guard,  as  Se- 
janus was.  We  may  translate,  witli  Weidner,  At  least  you  wish  to 
be  centurion,  tribunus  militum,  praefectus  alae,  with  equites  illustres 
in  your  staff,  and  to  have  a  body-guard  at  your  house  ?  —  Under  the 
republic,  equites  egregii  were  such  knights  as  were  illustrious  for 
birth,  wealth,  or  fame.  Under  Augustus  they  were  men  of  fortune, 
not  necessarily  of  the  equestrian  order,  to  whom  he  gave  the  privi- 
lege of  wearing  the  lat us  clavus. 

96.  Et,  even. 

97  sq.  But  what  glory  or  prosperity  is  worth  the  condition  that 
our  sufferings  must  be  proportioned  to  our  success? 

99.  Hujus.  I.  e.  of  Sejanus. 

100.  Fidenae  and  Gabii,and  so  (102)  Ulubrae  (cf.  llor.Epp.  i.  11, 
'in  ,  are  mentioned  as  small,  unimportant  towns. —  Potestas,  abstract 
for  concrete.     Cf.  the  Italian  podesta. 

101.  Minora,  too  small ;  below  the  standard  measure. 

102.  Vacuis.  Cf.  Sat.  iii.  102. 

103.  Quid  optandum  foret  depends  upon  Sejanum  ignorasse. 


228  NOTES. 

106.  Unde,  so  that  from  it.  —  Altior,  from  a  greater  height. 

107.  Et  .  .  .  ruinae,  "  and  dreadful  the  headlong  descent  of  the 
ruin  once  set  in  motion."  Macleane  would  translate  impulsae, 
"  beaten  by  the  storm,"  or  "  struck  by  the  bolt  or  lightning."  Prae- 
ceps  is  used  substantively.  There  is  no  instance  of  an  adjective 
agreeing  with  it  earlier  than  Juvenal. 

108.  Crassos,  Pompeios.  Used  generically.  —  Ilium,  C.  Julius 
Caesar.    The  names  are  those  of  the  so-called  first  triumvirate. 

109.  Domitos  deduxit  flagra  Quirites,  tamed  the  Romans  and 
brought  them  under  his  lash. 

110.  Locus  is  the  subject  ofevertit  understood,inreply  to  the  question. 

111.  Exaudita,  heard  too  well.     (Macleane.) 

112.  Who  married  the  daughter  of  Ceres  ? 

113.  Sicca,  i.  e.  bloodless. 

115  sq.  The  Quinquatria,  a  feast  of  Minerva,  received  its  name 
from  being  originally  celebrated  on  the  19th  March,  five  days  after 
the  Ides.  It  was  afterwards  extended  to  the  23d,  so  as  to  occupy  five 
days.  These  were  holidays  in  the  schools;  on  the  first  of  them 
scholars  paid  the  master  the  entrance  fee,  or  minerval.  —  TJno  .  .  . 
Minervam,  pays  his  court  to  frugal  Science  with  a  single  as,  i.  e.  is  in 
the  lowest  or  alphabet  class,  where  the  school-fee  is  the  smallest. 
Minervam  —  litteras.  —  Parcam,  P  and  the  best  editors  :  pw  partam. 

117.  A  little  homebom  slave,  capsarius,  carries  the  boy's  copsa  or 
box  of  books  and  paper  and  pens. 

118.  Perit.  Perfect  tense ;  a  contracted  form  not  used  by  writers 
of  the  golden  age.  Kiser  makes  it  present,  the  final  syllable  regarded 
as  long  in  arsi  quartipedis  by  the  aid  of  the  caesura  (hephthemimeris). 

120.  Ingenio.  Best  taken  as  dative,  and  abstract  for  concrete; 
genius  for  man  of  genius.    Otherwise,  it  would  be  ablative  of  cause. 

121.  Causidicus  is  always  an  inferior  term,  as  compared  with 
orator  and  patronus. 

122.  A  line  of  Cicero's  which  was  much  ridiculed  on  account  of 
the  jingle  fortunatam  natam.  Cf.  Quintil.  ix.  4.  A  contrary  in- 
stance, where  the  repetition  is,  as  Lewis  says,  a  great  beauty,  is  in  the 
well-known  verse  of  Terence,  Eun.  ii.  3,  6  :  taedet  quotidianarum 
harum  form  arum. 

123.  Founded  on  Cicero's  own  words,  Phil.  ii.  46 :  contempsi  Ca- 
tilinae  gladios,  non  pertimescam  tuos.  —  Contemnere  potuit,  he  really 
could  have  scorned. 

126.  Volveris  a  prima  quae  proxima.  A  periphrase  for  the  second. 
This  second  Philippic  cost  Cicero  his  life. 


SATIRE    X.  229 

Volveria,  art  unrolled.    An  allusion  to  the  form  of  Roman  Looks. 

Ilium.  Demosthenes. 

128.  Theatri.  In  the  time  of  Demosthenes,  the  assemblies  of  the 
people  were  frequently  held  in  the  theatre  of  Dionysos. 

129  sqq.  Juvenal  abuses  a  poet's  license.  "  The  father  of  Demos- 
thenes was  a  man  of  means,  —  the  proprietor  of  a  sword  manufac- 
tory, it  is  true ;  but  not  '  a  blear-eyed,  smutty-faced  blacksmith,'  as 
he  is  here  represented  as  being."  The  father  died  when  Demosthenes 
was  seven  years  old. 

133.  Trunois,  "  trunk  formed."  Trophies  were  made  of  arms 
taken  from  the  enemy  and  piled  up  on  the  trunk  of  a  tree  or  a 
wooden  frame. 

135.  Curtum  temone  jugum,  a  war  chariot  shorn  of  its  pole. 

136.  Captivos  =  captivus.  —  Arcu.  I.  e.  a  triumphal  arch. 

137.  Humanis  majora  =  peifa  5}  *<*r'  avSpumv,  superhuman. 

138.  Induperator.  Cf.  Sat.  iv.  29,  note. 

148.  Non  capit,  oh  \upti,  does  not  contain,  is  not  large  enough  for. 

150.  Rursus,  again,  in  another  direction.  Repeat  admota,  or 
supply  pertinens. 

152  sq.  There  is  nothing  harsh  in  the  sequence  of  the  present  on 
the  perfect.  The  obstacles  which  nature  has  placed  in  his  way,  are 
confronting  him. 

153.  Aceto.  Cf.  Liv.  xxi.  37 ;  Plin.  H.  N.  xxiii.  21,  71. 

155.  Cf.  Lucau.  ii.  657  :  nil  actum  credens  dum  quid  superesset 
agendum.  —  Fortas,  sc.  Romae. 

158.  Lusoum.  Hannibal  got  ophthalmia  and  lost  one  of  his  eyes 
in  the  marshes  south  of  the  Po,  B.  c.  217.    Cf.  Liv.  xxii.  2. 

162.  Bithyno  tyranno.  Prusias,  to  whom  Hannibal  betook  himself 
upon  leaving  Antiochus,  king  of  Syria,  whither  he  had  first  fled. 

Vigilare,  to  wake  up. 

163.  Res  humanas  miscuit,  threw  the  whole  world  into  confusion. 

Mixcere  =  avyicvKav. 

166.  The  Romans  sending  a  demand  for  the  surrender  of  Hanni- 
bal, which  Prusias  was  not  able  to  resist,  the  great  Carthaginian  took 

f  poison,  which  he  carried  about  with  him  in  his  signet  ring  (anulus). 
In  Cannarum  vindex  there  may  be  an  allusion  to  the  bushels  of 
rings  of  Roman  knights  picked  up  after  the  battle. 

167.  Declamatio,  the  theme  for  a  declamation  or  school -exercise. 

168.  Alexander  was  born  at  Pella. 

171.  Babylon  is  said  to  have  been  built  of  brick  cemented  with 
asphalt, 
y    4.  •       ,  U 


230  NOTES. 

172.  Fatetur,  betrays,  reveals.    Cf.  Juv.  ii.  17. 
172-3.  Cf.  Shakspere,  Henry  iv. : 

"When  that  this  body  did  contain  a  spirit, 
A  kingdom  for  it  was  too  small  a  bound ; 
J     But  now,  two  paces  of  the  vilest  earth 
Is  room  enough." 

■  ^B 

174.  Juvenal  now  takes  Xerxes  as  his  example.  Traces  of  the 
ship-canal  cut  to  avoid  the  dangerous  promontory  of  Mount  Athos 
are  still  visible,  although  Juvenal  treats  the  story  as  an  invention.— 
The  final  syllable  of  Athos,  though  short,  stands  for  a  long  syllable 
by  the  aid  of  the  caesural  pause. 

175  sq.  Constratum  .  .  .  mare.  This  refers  to  the  bridge  of  boats 
over  the  Hellespont.  Cf.  Lucret.  iii.  1029  sqq.  —  Ribbeck  has  con- 
tractum,  the  reading  of  P  a  prima  manu.  Some  MSS.  have  cum 
stratum,  which  Kiaer  would  adopt. 

176.  The  punctuation  is  Riser's.  Editors  generally  put  a  semi- 
colon after  mare,  and  no  mark  after  credimus. 

177.  Herodotus  speaks  of  several  rivers  as  having  been  drunk  dry 
by  the  enormous  host  of  Xerxes. 

178.  Prandente,  at  his  lunch.  — .Sostratus.  An  unknown  poet, 
who,  it  seems,  sang  of  the  exploits  of  Xerxes.  —  Madidis  alis,  in  his 
drunken  flights  (Lewis).  Madidis  has  been  explained  in  three 
ways:  (1)  steeped  in  wine;  (2)  drooping ;  (i.  e.  his  song  was  feeble); 
and  (3),  moist  tvith  perspiration,  in  which  case  alis  would  be  arm- 
pits, and  the  reference  to  the  labor  and  heat  of  recitation. 

179.  Qualis,  in  what  plight. 

180  sq.  Xerxes's  custom  of  flogging  whatever  winds  opposed  him, 
making  him  a  harder  master  than  their  king  Aeolus  (cf.  Verg.  Aen. 
i.  52  sqq.),  may  be  a  playful  invention  of  Juvenal's. 

182.  Aeschylus  (Pers.  v.  745  sqq.)  and  Herodotus  (vii.  35)  say  that 
Xerxes  chained  the  Hellespont  for  breaking  his  bridge. 

183  sq.  This  is  quite  merciful,  to  be  sure,  that  he  did  not  think  him 
deserving  also  of  being  branded.  So  the  MSS.  As  Herodotus  says 
he  had  heard  a  report  that  Xerxes  sent  persons  to  brand  the  sea, 
editors  have  fancied  it  necessary  to  alter  the  text.  So  Jahn,  at  the 
suggestion  of  Weber,  reads  mitius  id  sane,  quid  f  non  et  stigmate 
dignum  Crediderit  ?  Hermann  and  Weidner  follow  Jahn ;  Ribbeck, 
Mayor,  and  Macleane  follow  the  MSS. 

185  sq.  Juvenal's  story  of  the  manner  in  which  Xerxes  escaped 
from  Salamis  differs  from  other  accounts,  but  is  good  for  his  purpose. 


SATIRE    X.  231 

189.  Recto  vultu.  I.  e.  in  health ;  "  with  the  erect  look  of  health." 
This  seems  the  best  antithesis  to  pallidas.  Heinrich  takes  the 
words  to  mean  unabashed,  impavidus,  understanding  pallidas  as 
"  pale  with  anxiety." 

192.  Dissimilem  sui,  unlike  its  (former)  self.  Escott  compares 
with  this  expression  the  Greek  SwaruTtfJot  eavT&r  yiyvbptwi. 

194.  Thabraca  (Tabraea)  was  a  town  in  Numidia,  surrounded  with 
jungles  which  abounded  in  monkeyjs. 

199.  Leve.  I.  e.  bald.  —  Madidi,  drivelling.  —  Infantia,  (second) 
infancy. 

200.  Misero,  sc.  ei.  The  so-called  dative  of  the  agent.  —  Gingiva 
inermi.  A  gum  unarmed  is  a  toothless  gum. 

201.  Usque  adeo  gravis,  so  utterly  burdensome  is  he.  —  Sibi. 
Juvenal  lengthens  the  last  vowel  here  in  the  arsis  of  the  last  foot. 
Cf.  xv.  98  (mihi). 

202.  Even  a  persistent  fortune-hunter  cannot  stomach  him. 
204.  Partis,  organ,  sense. 

210.  Cantare  is  used  of  instrumental  as  well  as  of  vocal  music. 

211.  Seleucus  must  have  been  some  famous  singer  or  musician. 

212.  The  costume  of  the  citharoedi  was  the  palla  (here  called 
lacerna)  and  the  syrma.  —  Aurata,  gold-embroidered. 

214.  Horns  and  trumpets  were  sounded  at  the  beginning  and  end 
of  games  and  plays.     Cf.  Serv.  ad  Verg.  v.  113. 

216.  Nuntiet  horas.  There  were  public  water-clocks  {clepsydrae), 
as  well  as  sun-dials,  at  Rome.  The  wealthy  had  clocks  or  dials 
sometimes  at  their  own  houses.  A  slave  watches  the  timekeeper 
(public  or  private),  and  reports  the  hours  to  his  master. 

221.  Themison,  the  name  of  a  celebrated  physician  before  Juve- 
nal's time,  is  here  put  for  any  medical  practitioner.  Dryden's 
translation  of  this  line, 

"  Or  how  last  fall  he  raised  the  weekly  bills," 

(i.  e.  the  bills  of  mortality),  is  noticeable  for  its  use  of  a  term  which 
has  been  alleged  to  be  an  Americanism. 

228.  The  connection  of  the  perfect  and  present  here  is  perfectly 
natural ;  because  he  has  lost  his  eyes,  he  is  envious  of  the  one-eyed. 
Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  vi.  747  sq. 

Luscis,  one-eyed  men. 

238.  Phialen.  An  impure  woman.  —  Artificis  oris,  of  an  artful 
mouth. 

239.  Quod  steterat,  which  had  been  stationed.  —  Carcere,  the  cell. 


232  NOTES. 

240.  Ut,  even  if. 

242.  Plenae  sororibus,  full  of  one's  sisters'  ashes. 

246.  RexPylius.  Nestor. 

247.  A  cornice  secundae,  next  after  the  crow  (in  longevity).  See 
note  on  Sat.  xiv.  251. 

249.  Jam  dextra  computat  annos.  I.  e.  has  begun  his  second  cen- 
tury. Men  counted  up  to  one  hundred  on  the  left  hand,  then  up  to 
a  thousand  on  the  right,  then  over  a  thousand  on  the  left  again. 

252.  Nimio  stamine,  the  too-long  thread  of  his  life.  —  Acris, 
brave,  spirited. 

253.  Ardentem.  I.  e.  on  the  funeral  pile.  —  Ab  omni  quisquis 
adest  socius  =  ab  omni  socio  quisquis  adest. 

256.  Haec  eadem  Feleus,  sc.  queritur. 

257.  Alius.  I.  e.  Laertes.  Alius  as  in  i.  10.  —  Fas,  a  natural 
right.  —  Ithacum.  I.  e.  Ulysses.  —  Natantem.  Afloat ;  at  sea.  Cf. 
Propert.  iii.  12,  32.  The  translation  "swimming  from  the  wreck"  is 
less  suitable. 

259.  Assaracus  was  Priam's  great-uncle. 

261.  Primos  edere  planctus.  Cassandra  is  the  leader  of  the  dirge. 
Cf.  II.  xxiv.  723  sqq. 

265.  Dies,  when  meaning  a  space  of  time,  and  not  a  literal  day,  is 
feminine.    Longa  dies  here  has  been  well  translated  length  of  days. 

265  sqq.  Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  ii.  506-558,  and  Cic.  Tusc.  JJisp.  i.  35, 
85,  together  with  the  lines  there  cited  from  the  Andromache  of 

Ennius : 

Haec  omnia  vidi  inflammari, 
Priamo  vi  vitam  evitari, 
Jovis  aram  sanguine  turpari. 

267.  Curtius  (iii.  3, 19)  defines  tiara,  "  regium  capitis  insigne,  quod 
caerulea  fascia  albo  distincta  circumibat." 

270.  Ab  aratro,  as  fastiditus  ("  scorned  ")  attributes  feeling  and 
mental  action  to  the  plough. 

271  sq.  Torva  canino  latravit  rictu,  barked  savagely  with  the 
jaws  of  a  dog.  On  Hecuba's  metamorphosis  into  a  dog,  cf.  Eurip. 
Hec.  1265 ;  Ov.  Met.  xiii.  565  sqq. 

272-277.  Notice  the  stabiles  spondei,  skilfully  introduced  "  ut  res 
tardior  atque  gravior  ad  aures  veniat." 

272.  On  the  tenses  here  Simcox  remarks,  "  [the  Latin  implies,]  his 
wife,  who  had  survived  him,  lived  to  bark.  We  observe  this  dis- 
tinction of  tenses  in  telling  a  new  story,  but  not  in  alluding,  as  here, 
to  an  old  one." 

273.  Begem  Ponti.  I.  e.  Mithridates  VI.,  not  undeservedly  called 


SATIRE    X.  233 

by  modern  historians  the  Great,  who  at  last,  on  the  successful  insur- 
rection of  his  son  Pharnaces,  took  poison,  and  when  it  proved  in- 
effectual (cf.  xiv.  252,  note),  compelled  one  of  his  Gaulish  mercenaries 
to  despatch  him  with  his  sword. 

274.  What  is  the  story  of  the  visit  of  Solon  to  Croesus?  (See  He- 
rodotus i.  30-32.) 

275.  Spatia  ultima,  the  closing  scenes.  Literally,  the  last  heats. 
The  competitors  in  the  chariot-races  in  the  circus  had  to  run  seven 
times  round  the  spina,  and  each  course  round  was  called  a  spatium. 

276-282.  Juvenal  goes  on  to  speak  of  C.  Marius,  to  whose  conquest 
of  the  Cimbri  and  Teutones  (Teutonico,  verse  282),  and  triumph, 
we  have  had  allusion  in  viii.  245  sqq.  At  this  triumph  Marius  was 
fifty-five.  In  B.  c.  88,  when  he  was  in  his  sixty-ninth  year,  he  was 
obliged  to  fly  from  Rome  to  escape  from  Sulla,  and  in  his  flight  tried 
to  hide  himself  in  a  marsh  near  Minturnae  on  the  Liris.  He  was 
caught,  and  kept  in  custody  for  some  time,  but  was  allowed  to  escape 
by  sea,  and  went  to  Carthage,  as  Velleius  says  (ii.  19),  inopemque  vitam 
in  tugurio  ruinarum  Carthaginiensium  toleravit.  Plutarch  {Ma- 
rius 37-40)  has  also  the  story  of  Marius  sitting  on  the  ruins  of  Car- 
thage, which  may  be  founded  on  some  commonplace  in  the  declam- 
atory exercises  of  the  imperial  period.  The  following  year,  his 
party  having  gained  temporary  success,  he  returned  to  Rome,  where 
he  made  a  fearful  example  of  his  enemies,  but  died  in  January  B.  c. 
86,  in  his  seventh  consulship.    (Macleane  and  Long.) 

278.  Hinc.  I.  e.  from  length  of  life. 

281.  Observe  the  hiatus  after  pompa.  —  Macleane's  "  his  full  soul " 
is  j>erhaps  the  best  rendering  that  can  be  given  of  animam  opimam. 
**  It  seems  to  involve  a  reference  to  the  spolia  opima,  and  is  partic- 
ularly suited  to  a  conqueror." 

282.  Vellet  =  tfiiXXiv.     When  he  vms  on  the  point  of  getting  down. 
283-286.  Provida.   Foreseeing  what  was  coming  upon   him.  — 

Cicero  enlarges  on  the  same  thought  in  regard  to  Pompey,  in  Tusc. 
DUp.  i.  35,  86;  which  passage,  as  well  as  the  one  on.  Priam  im- 
mediately preceding,  must  have  been  in  Juvenal's  mind.  —  His  fever 
ought  to  have  been  prayed  for,  to  remove  him  from  impending 
calamities;  but  many  cities  prayed  that  he  might  recover,  and  their 
prayers  prevailed  (vicerunt). — Victo  (286),  sc.  ei.  Dative  of  disad- 
vantage. 

287  sq.  Lentulus  and  Cethegus,  fellow-conspirators  with  Catiline, 
were  strangled  in  prison  by  the  common  executioner.  Catiline  fell 
on  the  field  of  battle. 

U2 


234  NOTES. 

289.  Majore,  louder. 

291.  Usque  ad  delicias  votorum,  even  to  the  luxury  of  vows;  even 
to  delighting  herself  in  fancying  details  of  loveliness  and  vowing 
offerings  for  each  charm.  Various  translations  of  this  phrase  have 
been  proposed,  as  even  to  a  foolish  fondness  in  her  vows,  even  to 
fastidiousness  in  her  prayers,  even  till  she  dallies  with  her  prayers, 
even  to  caprice  in  her  vows,  even  to  enticements  (of  the  gods)  in  her 
vows,  etc.,  etc.  —  The  subject  of  inquit  is  not  mater,  but  a  supposed 
objector  representing  the  common  opinions,  some  one. 

294.  Rutila  is  any  one  with  a  hump  on  her  back. 

295.  Suam,  sc.faciem. 

298  sq.  Horrida,  sternly  virtuous;  of  old-fashioned  strictness.  For 
such  morals  the  Sabines  were  famed. 

300  sq.  Modesto  sanguine  ferventem,  glowing  with  modest  blood  ; 
i.  e.  blushing. 

304.  Esse  viro,  to  be  a  man  (in  the  full  sense  of  that  great  word). 

325.  Hippolytus  resisted  the  advances  of  Phaedra,  who  was  the 
daughter  of  Minos,  king  of  Crete,  and  so  is  called  Cressa  (327). — 
Grave  propositum,  his  stern  resolve.  —  Bellerophon  would  not  yield 
to  the  solicitations xof  Stheneboea  (327).  Anteia  is  the  name  gener- 
ally given,  instead  of  Stheneboea. 

326.  Haec.  I.  e.  Phaedra. 

Repulsa  (pw  Riser  ,  when  refused.  Heinrich,  Jahn,  and  Ribbeck, 
read  repulso,  after  P  Ss.  M.  Haupt  would  read  hac  for  haec,  {hac  . . . 
repulsa.)  Riser  would  omit  the  pronoun  altogether,  making  Sthene- 
boea the  subject  of  erubuit.  If  repulso  is  read,  it  must  be  taken,  as 
Heinrich  says,  as  "  an  ablative  absolute  of  the  participle,  =  quum 
accidisset  repulsa.  Cf.  Gronov.  ad  Liv.  i.  41.  Perizon.  ad  Sanct.  p. 
574  ed.  Scheid." 

^327  sq.  Se  concussere.  "Aroused  themselves  to  vengeance"  is 
the  stock  translation  here.  Comparing  Verg.  Aen.  vii.  338  and  Ov. 
Met.  iii.  726  and  iv.  473,  we  find  a  better  interpretation,  were  excited 
to  madness.    So  Heinrich,  Macleane,  Weidner. 

329  sqq.  Elige  .  .  .  destinat.  "  Choose  what  advice  should  be 
given  to  him  whom  Caesar's  wife  resolves  to  marry."  C.  Silius  (op- 
timus  .  .  .  patriciae)  was  a  handsome  youth  whom  the  Empress 
Messalina  fell  in  love  with  and  married  publicly  during  the  absence 
from  Rome  of  her  husband  Claudius.  The  latter  remained  ignorant 
of  the  whole  affair  till  it  was  revealed  to  him  by  his  freedman  Nar- 
cissus, whereupon  Silius  and  Messalina,  with  many  others,  were  put 
to  death. 


SATIRE    X.  235 

334.  Tyrius.  I.  e.  covered  with  purple  spreads. —  Genialis,  sc. 
lectus  or  torus.  — In  hortis,  sc.  Lueulli.     Cf.  Tac.  Ann.  xi.  37. 

335.  A  dowry  will  be  given  after  the  old  custom  ;  a  dowry  amount- 
ing to  a  million  sesterces.  This  seems  to  have  been  the  usual  dowry 
among  the  upper  classes,  like  £10,000  with  the  English.  Cf.  Lips, 
ad  Tac.  Ann.  ii.  86  ;  Sen.  (  'onko/.  ad  Helv.  12.—  For  et  Kiser  suggests 
the  emendation  ex,  to  accord  with  Juvenal's  frequent  practice,  in  a 
sentence  of  four  members,  to  connect  the  first  two  by  a  conjunction, 
and  add  the  second  two  without  a  copula.  In  this  instance  the 
change  to  asyndeton  would  neatly  concur  with'the  change  in  tense. 

336.  The  signatores  were  witnesses  to  the  marriage-contract. — 
The  auspices  attended  at  weddings,  though  the  practice  of  taking 
auspicia  had  been  given  up.     Val.  Max.  ii.  1,  1. 

345.  "  Decapitation  and  strangling  were  the  common  way  of  exe- 
cuting criminals,  except  the  lowest  and  slaves,  who  were  crucified." 

347.  Permittes,  you  will  leave  it.  Cf.  Hor.  Carm.  i.  9,  9 :  per- 
mitte  divis  cetera. 

354.  TJt  tamen  et  poscas  aliquid,  if,  however,  you  must  e'en  ask 
for  something.  Et  is  used  for  emphasis,  as  the  Greeks  sometimes 
Kai.  —  Another  translation  is  possible :  That,  however,  you  may  e'en 
ask  for  something,  and  make  your  little  offering  to  the  gods,  pray 
etc.  With  the  ancients,  prayer  was  inseparable  from  offering.  —  Sa- 
cellis  "  means  the  chapel  in  every  man's  house,  in  which  were 
images  of  the  Lares,  to  whom  the  offering  of  a  pig  was  common 
(Hor.  Carm.  iii.  23,  4)." 

355.  Divina,  dear  to  the  gods.  —  Tomacula  (ripvw),  cut  pieces  of 
flesh,  to  be  burnt  on  the  altar.  Conington  (on  Pers.  ii.  30)  remarks 
that  the  details  in  this  line  are  mentioned  contemptuously,  and  com- 
pares xiii.  117  sq. 

358.  Inter  munera  naturae.  "  And  counts  it  nature's  privilege  to 
die."  (Dryden.)  Weidner,  very  differently,  translating  spalium  vitae 
extremnm  "  the  farthest  bounds  of  life,"  considers  the  especially  kind 
gift  of  nature  to  be  length  of  days. 

362.  Pluma.  Beds  of  down. 

365.  Habes.  So  most  MSS.  and  recent  editors;  but  P  has  *abest, 
and  the  line  is  quoted  with  abest  by  Lactantius.  Hermann  and 
Macleane  read  abest.  I  have  modified 'Macleane's  Argument  (p.  221) 
to  bring  out  the  true  meaning.  —  Numen,  as  often,  is  divine  power. — 
Prudentia  is  moral  prudence;  involving  forethought. 

363-366:  "Man  is  his  own  star,  and  the  soul  that  can 
Render  an  honest  and  a  perfect  man 
Commands  all  light,  all  influence,  all  fate."  —  John  Fletcher. 


SATIRE    XL 


ARGUMENT. 

1-20.  If  Atticus  lives  well,  he 's  reckoned  generous ;  if  Rutilus,  a 
madman.  All  men  laugh  to  see  a  pauper  epicure,  and  so  all  talk  of 
Rutilus.  He's  young  and  stout  enough  for  the  wars,  and  yet,  he  is 
impelled  (the  prince  consenting)  to  train  for  the  arena.  There's 
many  a  man  who  lives  but  for  his  palate,  for  whom  his  creditor  looks 
out  at  the  entrance  of  the  market.  The  poorest  live  the  best,  just 
on  the  verge  of  bankruptcy.  Meanwhile  they  search  the  elements 
for  dainties,  regardless  of  the  price,  or  in  their  hearts  preferring 
what  is  dearest.  For  men  so  reckless  it  is  not  hard  to  get  the  money. 
They'll  sell  their  dishes  or  their  mother's  image,  to  season  for  four 
hundred  sesterces  a  glutton's  crockery.  'Tis  thus  they  come  to 
gladiator's  fare. 

21-55.  That,  then,  which  riches  make  respectable  is  wanton  lux- 
ury in  the  poor.  The  man  of  learning  who  knows  not  the  difference 
between  a  cash  chest  and  a  little  purse,  I  do  well  to  despise.  That 
rule  came  down  from  heaven,  "Know  thyself."  Remember  it 
when  you  think  of  marrying  or  entering  the  Senate  (Thersites  did 
not  seek  Achilles'  armor  in  which  Ulysses  made  a  doubtful  figure) ; 
or  if  you  aim  at  pleading  some  great  cause,  think  who  you  are, 
whether  a  mighty  speaker  or  mere  mouther.  In  great  things  or  in 
small,  a  man  should  know  his  own  measure.  Buy  not  a  mullet  if 
your  purse  will  go  no  further  than  a  gudgeon.  What  can  you  come 
to,  if  your  appetite  grows  larger  as  your  purse  grows  emptier;  when 
all  you  have  is  buried  in  your  belly  ?  The  ring  goes  last,  and  Pollio 
with  bare  finger  begs.  Wantonness  fears  not  early  death,  but  age 
much  worse  than  death.  The  steps  are  these.  Money  is  borrowed 
first,  and  spent  at  Rome ;  but  when  the  usurer  begins  to  trouble 
them,  then  off  they  go  to  Baiae  and  the  oysters.  To  run  away  from 
the  forum  is  no  worse  than  from  Subura  to  migrate  to  Esquiliae :  they 
only  care  that  they  must  lose  the  games  :  they  never  think  of  blush- 
ing:  Modesty  is  laughed  at  as  she  flies  the  town,  and  few  men  care 
to  stay  her. 

56-129.  To-day,  my  friend,  you  '11  see  whether  I  practise  the  fine 
things  I  preach,  or  praise  plain  fare  but  call  for  rich.  You  '11  find 
in  me  Evander  as  the  host,  you  shall  be  Hercules  or  Aeneas.    Now 

236 


SATIRE    XI.  237 

listen  to  your  dinner.  A  young  kid  from  my  farm,  and  wild  herbs 
gathered  by  my  gardener's  wife;  fresh  eggs  warm  in  the  nest,  and 
hens  that  laid  them ;  grapes  fresh  as  when  plucked  ;  the  finest  pears 
lad  apples,  the  crude  juice  dried  from  out  them.  Such  was  the  dinner 
of  our  senators  when  first  they  grew  luxurious.  The  herbs  he  gathered 
in  his  little  garden,  such  as  a  ditcher  now  turns  up  his  nose  at,  Curius 
would  boil  with  his  own  hand.  The  flitch  hung  up  to  dry  in  former 
times  they  kept  for  holidays,  and  lard  for  birthdays  for  their  blood  re- 
lations, and  part  of  the  victim's  meat.  The  great  man  who  had  thrice 
been  consul,  dictator  too,  went  to  such  feasts  stalking  along  with  spade 
upon  his  shoulder.  In  the  strict  Censor's  days  no  one  would  ask  what 
sort  of  turtles  might  be  found  in  the  sea,  to  ornament  the  rich  man's 
couch :  they  were  content  with  a  rude  ass's  head.  Their  food  and 
house  and  furniture  were  plain  alike.  Unskilled  in  art,  the  cups 
they  got  for  plunder  the  soldiers  broke  to  ornament  their  harness  or 
their  helmets.  The  only  silver  that  they  had  adorned  their  arms. 
Their  homely  fare  was  served  in  earthen-ware.  If  you're  inclined 
to  envy,  you  might  envy  those  good  times.  The  gods  were  nearer 
unto  men  ;  they  warned  the  city  of  the  Gauls'  approach,  such  care 
for  Rome  had  Jupiter  when  made  of  clay.  The  tables  then  were  made 
of  home-grown  wood.  But  now  the  richest  viands  have  no  flavor 
except  on  a  round  table  with  a  carved  ivory  stem  ;  a  silver  one  to 
rich  men  is  rude  as  an  iron  ring  upon  the  finger. 

129-182.  I  '11  have  no  guest,  then,  who  despises  poverty.  I  have 
not  an  ounce  of  ivory  in  all  my  house;  the  very  handles  of  my 
knives  are  bone;  and  yet  they  do  not  spoil  the  meat,  or  cut  the 
worse  for  that.  And  I've  no  carver  taught  by  first-rate  artist,  who 
teaches  them  to  cut  up  all  fine  dishes.  My  man's  a  novice  too,  and 
cannot  filch  except  in  a  small  way,  a  chop  or  so.  I  've  only  a  rough 
boy  in  woollen  clothes  to  offer  you  my  vulgar  herbs,  no  eastern 
bought  for  a  vast  price  from  dealers.  Whatever  you  may  ask  for 
ask  in  Latin.  They  all  are  dressed  alike,  their  hair  cropped  straight, 
combed  out  to-day  in  honor  of  my  guest ;  boys  from  the  farm,  modest 
as  those  should  be  who  wear  the  purple.  One  shall  bring  you  wine 
grown  on  his  native  hills.  And  for  our  sports,  we'll  read  what 
Homer  wrote  and  his  peer  Maro.  It  matters  not  what  voice  recites 
such  verses. 

183-208.  Rut  come,  put  care  away  and  take  a  rest.  We'll  have 
no  word  of  debts  or  jealous  thoughts;  before  my  door  you  must  put 
off  all  this,  home  and  its  troubles,  slaves  and  their  breakages,  and, 
worse  than  all,  the  ingratitude  of  friends.  The  great  Idaean  games 
art'  going  on.  The  praetor,  victim  of  his  horses,  sits  as  a  conqueror 
in  triumph  ;  all  Rome  (the  multitude  must  pardon  me)  has  poured 
into  the  Circus,  and  by  that  shout  1  know  that  Green  has  won  the 
day.  For  had  it  not,  you  might  have  seen  the  city  all  in  mourning ason 
that  day  of  ( 'annae.  Let  boys  go  look  at  games,  boys  who  can  shout 
and  bet  and  sit  by  girls  they  love.  Let  my  shrunk  skin  drink  in 
the  sun,  and  put  the  toga  off.  To-day,  an  hour  ere  noon,  you  may  go 
to  bathe:  you  must  not  do  so  every  day  of  the  six,  for  even  such  a 
life  as  that  would  pall.  Pleasures  are  sweeter  for  uiifrequent  use.  — 
Maclean e,  with  modifications. 


238  NOTES. 

1-3.  Atticus  is  used  here  for  any  rich  man,  and  Rutilus  for  one 
who  has  beggared  himself.  T.  Pomponius  Atticus,  the  friend  of 
Cicero,  was  very  wealthy,  and  his  name  may  have  become  proverbial. 
Apicius  was  a  noted  gourmand.  Pauper  Apicius,  a  poor  Apicius.— 
Eximie  =  prae  aliis. 

4.  Convictus  =  convivium.    Omnis  convictus,  every  dinner-table. 

—  "  Around  the  thermae,  or  public  baths,  there  were  promenades 
and  spaces,  called  scholae,  where  people  were  in  the  habit  of  sitting, 
walking  about,  and  gossiping." —  Statio,  in  post-Augustan  use,  is 
any  place  of  public  resort. 

5.  De  Rutilo,  sc.  loquuntur.  —  Juvenalis  implies  validus  ;  juveni- 
lis is  allied  to  IZvis  and  temerarius. 

6.  Galeae,  sc.  ferendae.  —  Ardent.  So  Jahn,  Ribbeck,  Hermann, 
on  the  conjecture  of  C.  Barth  and  others.  Most  MSS.  ardens ;  two 
give  ardenti  and  one  ardentis.     Weidner  ardet,  after  Guietus. 

7.  The  tribunus  plebis  appears  to  have  had  some  kind  of  judicial 
authority,  a  cognitio  extraordinaria,  under  the  empire.  The  tribune 
here  is  the  emperor  himself.  —  Prohibente  =  intercedente,  interfer- 
ing to  stop  it. 

8.  To  sign  the  bond  and  take  the  oath,  such  as  a  tyrant  imposes, 
of  the  trainer  of  gladiators.  —  Verba  scribere  suggests  verba  praeire. 
Upon  entering  the  service,  the  gladiators  swore  uri,  vinciri,  verberari, 
ferrogue  necari,  and  to  suffer  whatever  else  tbe  trainer  commanded, 

—  truly  regia  verba,  from  the  mouth  of  the  trainer  who  imposes  them 
as  the  oath.  —  Many  commentators  understand  scribere  here  simply 
of  writing  out  the  rules  etc.,  in  order  to  learn  them  by  heart. 

12.  Egregius.  An  unusual  comparative  form,  from  the  adverb 
egregie.  —  Egregius  meliusque,  sc.  ceteris.  Or,  as  Heinrich  says, 
the  sense  is  :  quo  quisque  horum  miserior  est  et  citius  casurus,  eo  me- 
lius cenat. 

13.  Casurus.  I.  e.  about  to  become  bankrupt.  —  Perlucente  ruina. 
A  metaphor  from  the  daylight  shining  through  the  cracks  in  a 
ruined  house. 

14.  Interea.  I.  e.  before  the  final  crash.  —  Gustus,  dainties;  not 
necessarily  the  relishes  eaten  at  the  promulsis,  or  preliminary  course, 
to  whet  the  appetite.  (Hor.  Sat.  ii.  8,  7  sqq.)  They  were  sought 
elementa  per  omnia,  from  water,  air,  and  earth,  fish,  fowl,  and  vege- 
tables. 

15.  Animo,  their  fancy. 

17.  Perituram  arcessere  summam,  "  to  fetch  the  money  which 
they  are  bent  on  throwing  away." 


SATIRE    XI.  239 

18.  By  pawning  their  plate,  or  the  broken  statue  of  a  mother.  — 
Imagine,  a  silver  statuette  or  bust. 

19.  Nummis.  Sesterces  {not  sestertia).  —  Condire  gulosum  fictile, 
to  season  a  savory  dish  on  earthenware  ;  i.  e.  to  compound  some  rich 
and  luxurious  viand,  which  he  has  to  serve  up  in  earthen-ware,  as 
all  his  silver  is  pawned. 

20.  Sic,  i.  e.  by  such  extravagance.  —Ad  miscellanea  ludi,  to  the 
hodge-podge  served  in  the  gladiatorial  school. 

21.  Ergo,  as  I  said;  (going  back  to  verse  1.)  —  Nam,  in  every 
other  case  in  Juvenal,  is  found  at  the  beginning  of  the  sentence; 
similar  inversions  of  nam  are  found  in  Catullus,  Virgil,  and  Horace. 

22.  Ventidius  is  put  here  for  any  man  of  wealth.  —  Kiaer  puts  a 
semicolon  after  nomen,  and  finds  the  subject  of  sumit  and  trahit  (23) 
implied  in  quis  haec  eadem paret  (21). 

25  sq.  Hie  tamen  idem  ignoret  — ■  si  tamen  idem  ignoret. 

26.  Ferrata  area.    Cf.  i.  90,  note. 

31.  Se  transducebat,  made  but  a  sorry  figure  ;  exposed  himself  to 
ridicule. 

34.  Two  windbags  are  mentioned.     On  Matho,  cf.  i.  32;  vii.  129. 

38.  Crumina  (crumena).  So  the  best  editors,  except  Jahn,  who  has 
culina,  after  two  French  MSS.  and  a  doubtful  reading  in  P. 

41.  Argentum  grave  is  heavy  plate;  massive  articles  of  solid 
silver. 

42.  Exire  a  domino  is  allied  to  the  juristic  expression  on  inscrip- 
tions and  in  the  digests,  exire  de  nomine  fainiliae,  as  said  e.  g.  of  a 
sepulchral  monument,  peto  non  fundus  de  familia  exeat,  or  ut  fun- 
das  de  nomine  vestro  numquam  exeat,  etc.  On  exire  with  a  cf.  Cic. 
Vert.  ii.  60  :  ad  istum  non  modo  illos  nummos,  qui  per  simulationem 
ab  isto  exierant,  revertisse,  etc.  (Weidner.) 

43.  Anulus.  The  badge  of  equestrian  or  senatorial  rank. 

44.  Acerbum,  untimely ;  from  its  meaning,  unripe. 

45.  Luxuriae.  The  so  called  "dative  of  the  agent."  —  Kiser  would 
place  lines  42  and  43  after  lines  44  and  45 ;  and  I  agree  with  him. 

47.  Dominis.  1.  e.  the  money-lenders. 

49.  Qui  vertere  solum,  they  who  have  made  off;  literally,  they 
who  have  shifted  their  quarters. 

50.  Cedere  foro,  "  to  abscond  from  'change,"  or  to  become  bank- 
rupt. 

Deterius,    more  disgraceful ;  more  discreditable. 

51.  Ferventi,  bustling,  noisy;  the  Esquiline  was  quiet.  Some 
translate  ferventi  here  hot;  the  Esquiline  was  cool  and  healthy. 


240  NOTES. 

53.  Anno  uno.  The  ablative  of  duration  of  time  is  very  rare  in  the 
golden  age,  but  more  frequent  afterwards. 

54.  Sanguinis  non  gutta,  no  flush  of  shame,  no  blush  from  a 
sense  of  honor.  —  Haeret,  remains.  —  Morantur,  seek  to  detain. 

55.  Et  fugientem.  So  Jahn,  Hermann,  Ribbeck,  Weidner,  after 
gs  Priscian.     Other  readings  are  effugientem  (Pw),  fugientem  (s). 

57.  Persicus  is  some  unknown  friend  of  the  poet's.  —  Vita  vel 
moribus  et  re,  in  my  life,  that  is  my  character  and  actions.  Vel,  or 
if  you  please  to  say,  offers  a  choice  of  expressions.  Jahn  and  Rib- 
beck  give  nee  (adgi),  but  vel  (pw.    In  P  the  word  is  erased)  is  better. 

58.  Si.  So  Jahn,  Ribbeck,  Weidner,  after  S  and  one  MS.  Pw, 
sed,  and  so  Hermann. 

59.  Puero  =  servo. — Dictare  for  imperare  belongs  to  the  later 
Latin. 

60  sqq.  Habebis  Euandrum.  You  shall  have  in  me  a  host  as  sim- 
ple and  frugal  as  Evander.  —  Tyrinthius.  Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  viii.  362 
sq.  —  Minor  ....  caelum.  The  reference  is  to  Aeneas,  the  son  of  a 
goddess,  though  inferior  to  Hercules.     Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  viii.  102  sqq. 

63.  Aeneas,  according  to  one  legend,  was  drowned  in  the  Nunii- 
cius ;  Hercules  was  burned  on  Mount  Oeta. 

64.  Nullis  ornata  macellis,  furnished  by  no  markets. 

65.  It  would  appear  from  this  that  Juvenal  had  an  estate  near 
Tibur. 

69.  Asparagi.  Cf.  v.  82.  The  term  includes  several  herbs  besides 
the  one  we  know  by  that  name. 

70.  Torto  calentia  foeno.  The  eggs  were  wrapped  up  warm  in  the 
hay  in  which  they  were  laid. 

72.  Parte  anni.  About  half  a  year,  as  (according  to  verse  193)  the 
dinner  is  given  in  April.     The  ablative  resembles  anno  uno  (53). 

73  sq.  The  Syrian  pear,  a  kind  of  bergamot,  is  placed  by  Pliny 
next  to  the  Crustumian,  which  he  calls  best  of  all.  The  pears  from 
Signia  (inLatium)  were  of  a  reddish  color,  and  thought  particularly 
wholesome  (Cels.  ii.  24).  The  apples  of  Picenum  were  celebrated; 
cf.  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  3,  272 ;  ii.  4,  70. 

75  sq.  Siccatum  ....  succi,  now  that  they  have  put  away  their 
autumn  (crudeness),  dried  out  by  the  frost,  and  the  perils  of  their 
unripe  juice. 

77.  Jam  luxuriosa,  when  it  had  grown  to  be  luxurious;  even  a 
luxurious  (dinner;. 

78.  M.  Curius  Dentatus,  the  conqueror  of  Pyrrhus,  often  served 
the  Roman  poets  as  a  pattern  of  the  good  old  times. 


SATIRE    XI.  241 

80.  The  fossor  here  is  a  fettered  slave  from  the  ergastulum  (see 
viii.  180,  note),  set  to  work  in  the  fields. 

81.  Vulva.  The  matrix  of  a  pregnant  sow  was  regarded  as  a  great 
luxury. 

82.  Kara  pendentia  crate,  hanging  from  the  wide-barred  frame 
among  the  rafters. 

85.  All  but  the  legs  and  entrails  of  a  victim  were  eaten. 

88.  Solito  maturius,  earlier  than  his  wont. 

89.  Domito  a  monte,  from  the  hill  where  he  had  been  digging. 
Domare  is  used  of  subduing  the  earth  by  ploughing,  digging,  etc. 

90-91.  Autem,  moreover. — The  proper  names  represent  censors  of 
the  old  time.  —  Postremo.  So  P,  and  Jahn,  Hermann,  Ribbeck, 
Weidner.    The  MSS.  other  than  P,  rigidique. 

92.  The  allusion  is  to  C.  Claudius  Nero  and  M.  Livius  Salinator, 
colleagues  in  the  censorship  B.  C.  204.  For  the  story,  see  Liv.  xxix. 
37  and  Val.  Max.  ii.  9,  6.  —  Riser  would  place  a  period  at  the  end 
of  this  verse,  and  a  comma  at  the  end  of  verse  89. 

95.  Fulcrum,  couch-foot. 

96  sq.  Nudo  .  .  .  aselli,  on  small  couches  with  bare  sides  a  front  of 
bronze  displayed  the  rude  head  of  a  little  donkey  crowned  with  a 
garland. 

98.  Ad  quod  lascivi  ludebant  ruris  alumni,  by  which  (i.  e.  near 
which)  the  sportive  sons  of  the  country  (i.  e.  the  farmers,  the  rustics) 
made  merry.  Though  the  furniture  was  rude  and  the  fare  simple, 
the  rural  guests  amused  themselves  and  were  happy.  —  Riser  has  ex- 
ploded the  old  notion  that  the  allusion  here  is  to  boys'  "  poking  fun  " 
at  the  head  of  the  donkey. 

101.  In  parte.  I.  e.  in  his  share. 

103.  Ut,  etc.  He  broke  them  up  in  order  to  make  trappings  for  his 
horse,  and  an  embossed  helmet  for  himself. 

104  sq.  Ferae,  i.  e.  the  she  wolf.  —  The  twin  Quirini  are  Romu- 
lus and  Remus.  Compare  the  name  Castores  applied  to  Castor  and 
Pollux.  —  Sub  rupe.  Like  Virgil's  in  antro  ( Aen.  viii.  630). 

106  sq.  Venientis  dei.  Mars  coming  to  visit  the  twins.  — Penden- 
tis.  Hanging  in  the  air,  (not  yet  having  alighted.) 

108.  Tusco.  I.  e.  of  earthen-ware,  which  Etruria  produced  in  great 
quantity. 

Ill  sq.  Vox.  Livy  (v.  32)  and  Cicero  (de  Divin.  i.  45;  ii.  32)  tell 
the  story  of  one  who  heard  a  voice  louder  than  that  of  man  in  the  dead 
of  night,  near  the  temple  of  Vesta,  ordering  him  to  report  to  the  magis- 
trates that  the  Gauls  were  coming  (about  B.  c.  390).  —  Audita,  sc.  est. 
16  — Juv.  V 


242  NOTES. 

114.  His.  I.  e.  hac  voce  et  hujusmodi  signis. 
116.  The  earthen-ware  images  of  the  gods  came  from  Etruria.  — 
Violatus,  wronged;  as  if  it  were  an  insult  to  gild  him.     Cf.  iii.  20. 

121.  Dama,  the  gazelle. 

122.  Orbes.  Round  tables,  of  costly  material,  supported  by  a  single 
foot.    Cf.  i.  137. 

123.  The  ivory  table-leg  is  carved  in  the  form  of  a  leopard  ram- 
pant. 

124.  Porta.  Either  gate,  because  the  traffic  of  Aethiopia  passed 
through  Syene,  a  frontier  town,  or  pass,  because  the  valley  of  the 
Nile  is  greatly  narrowed  below  Syene. 

125.  Obscurior,  darker,  "  of  duskier  hue." 

127.  The  elephant  changes  its  tusks  only  once  in  its  life ;  and  not 
then,  as  Juvenal  says,  because  they  have  grown  "  too  large  and  bur- 
densome for  his  head." 

131.  Adeo  nulla,  etc.  "  I  have  actually  not  an  ounce  of  ivory." 

132.  Nee,  not  even.  —  Tessellae,  dice,  of  six  sides.  —  Calculus.  A 
counter  used  in  a  game  resembling  draughts. 

136.  Structor.  Cf.  v.  120,  note. 

137.  Pergula,  (carving-)  school.  — Aput  quem,  at  whose  house. 

138.  Sumine.  The  breast  of  a  sow,  before  stie  had  been  suckled, 
was  a  great  delicacy  with  the  Romans.  —  "  The  boar  was  commonly 
the  chief  dish  (caput  cenae)  of  a  large  dinner,  and  served  whole." 

139.  Sythicae  volucres.  I.  e.  pheasants,  Phasianae  aves. 

140  sq.  Oryx.  An  African  wild-goat,  with  one  horn.  (Plin.  H.  N. 
viii.  53.)  —  Lautissima  ulmea  cena,  "  a  most  dainty  supper  made  of 
elm."  Wooden  models  were  used  in  the  carving-schools  to  practise 
upon,  the  parts  being  slightly  fastened  together,  so  that  they  could 
be  separated  with  a  blunt  knife.  The  clatter  the  pupils  made  with 
them,  says  Juvenal,  resounded  over  the  whole  Subura,  —  in  which 
quarter  of  the  city  we  must  place  Trypherus's  school. 

142-144.  Afrae  avis.  The  guinea-fowl.  —  Noster,  sc.  puer.  "  My 
young  attendant,  a  mere  novice,  has  not  the  chance  of  making  off 
with  the  remains  of  costly  delicacies.  He  knows  nothing  of  the 
dainties  served  up  at  great  houses  and  the  ways  of  the  servants  there. 
At  most,  his  peccadilloes  consist  in  clearing  off  some  scraps  of 
steaks  or  chops."  —  Eudis  omni  tempore,  "  untutored  all  his  days." 
—  Et,  and  (only). 

146.  A  frigore  tutus.  Warmly,  but  coarsely  clothed ;  not  rustling 
in  silks,  like  a  dainty  page  in  a  great  house. 

148.  Magno,  sc.  pretio.  —  Latino.  He  does  not  know  Greek. 


SATIRE    XI.  243 

155.  Quos  ardens  purpura  vestit.  Those  who-  wear  the  toga  prae- 
texta,  —  (boys  born  of  free  parents.) 

180  sq.  Cantare  =  recitare.  A  reader  (avayvtAorrif)  was  employed 
at  refined  entertainments.  —  Dubiam  palmam.  The  comparative 
merits  of  Homer  and  Virgil  were  much  discussed  at  Rome. 

182.  Such  poetry  commends  itself,  even  if  poorly  read. 

193.  At  the  festival  of  the  Magna  Mater,  the  Idaean  Mother,  which 
rras  held  in  April,  there  were  ludi  circenses  as  well  as  ludi  scaenici. 
The  praetor  gave  the  signal  for  the  beginning  of  the  chariot-races 
with  a  kind  of  banner. 

194.  Colunt,  sc.  cives.  —  Similis  triumpho.  The  praetor  went  to 
these  games  in  procession  and  presided  in  state,  as  at  the  Ludi  Cir- 
censes (x.  36,  note). 

195.  Praeda  caballorum.  The  caballi  are  the  horses,  now  worn  out, 
that  have  won  the  race.  The  praetor  is  a  prey  to  them,  or  their  vic- 
tim, because  he  had  to  provide  from  his  own  means  the  sum  needed 
for  the  prizes  in  addition  to  the  sum  furnished  by  the  state.  —  Pace, 
by  the  leave. 

198.  Viridis  panni.  Cf.  vii.  114,  note. 

200.  Livy  (xxii.  43,  46)  says  that  at  the  battle  of  Cannae  a  wind 
arose,  blowing  the  dust  in  the  face  of  the  Romans  and  blinding  them. 
202.  Cultae,  well-dressed. 

204.  At  the  games  spectators  were  obliged  to  wear  the  toga,  the 
dress-coat  of  the  Romans. 

205.  You  may  go  to  the  bath  at  11  o'clock.  The  usual  hour  was 
from  2  to  3.  —  Salva  fronte,  without  shame.  Frons  as  the  seat  of 
modesty. 


SATIRE    XIII. 


ARGUMENT. 


1-22.  Bad  acts  displease  the  doers.  Conscience  convicts  them., 
though  the  praetor's  urn  be  false.  All  your  friends  feel  with  you ; 
you  are  not  so  poor  that  you  should  sink  with  such  a  loss;  besides, 
the  case  is  common,  one  out  of  fortune's  heap.  Put  off  excessive 
grief;  the  sorrow  of  a  man  should  not  blaze  up  too  high,  the  pain 
should  not  be  greater  than  the  wound.  A  trifle,  a  mere  scrap  of  ill 
you  scarce  can  bear,  and  all  your  entrails  burn  because  a  friend  will 
not  give  up  a  deposit :  and  you  a  man  of  sixty !  Has  not  experi- 
ence taught  you  ?  Wisdom  is  great,  mistress  of  fortune :  those  we 
count  happy,  too,  whom  life  has  taught  to  bear  the  yoke  of  life. 

23-33.  No  day  so  holy  but  it  puts  forth  thieves  and  liars.  The 
good  are  rare,  not  more  in  number  than  gates  of  Thebes  or  mouths 
of  Nile.  We  live  in  the  ninth  age,  an  age  so  bad  no  metal  is  so  base 
that  it  should  give  it  name.  And  yet  we  call  upon  the  faith  of  gods 
and  men,  as  loudly  as  the  clients  of  Faesidius  when  he  pleads ! 

33-70.  Say,  art  thou  in  thy  second  childhood,  that  thou  knowest 
not  the  charms  of  other  people's  money,  or  how  they  laugh  at  thy 
simplicity  in  expecting  that  any  man  should  not  forswear  himself  or 
should  think  that  fanes  and  altars  have  their  gods?  The  natives  in 
the  golden  age  thought  so,  before  the  skies  were  filled  so  full  of  gods 
and  hell  so  full  of  victims.  Then  was  dishonesty  a  prodigy.  'T  was 
a  great  crime  if  youth  rose  not  to  age,  yea  children  to  their  seniors 
by  four  years.  But  now,  if  friends  should  not  deny  a  trust  but  pay 
it  back  entire,  it  is  more  wonderful  than  all  the  prodigies  that  ever 
were ;  an  honest  man  is  a  lusus  naturae. 

71-85.  Complain  that  you've  been  impiously  cheated  of  ten  ses- 
tertia!  What  if  I  tell  of  one  who  's  lost  two  hundred,  and  another 
more  than  he  can  cram  into  his  chest?  'Tis  easy  to  despise  the 
witness  of  the  gods,  if  human  there  be  noae.  See  with  what  voice 
and  face  the  man  denies  it.  He  swears  by  all  the  gods  and  goddesses, 
their  bows,  spears,  tridents,  all  the  armory  of  heaven  :  yea,  he  will 
offer  to  boil  his  son  and  eat  him  pickled,  if  he  be  a  father. 

86-119.  Some  say  'chance  governs  all  things,  nature  rules  the 
world,'  and  so  they  fearless  go  to  any^altar.  Others  believe  in  gods 
and  punishments,  but  argue  thus  :  "Xet^hern  do  with  my  body  what 

244 


SATIliE    XIII.  245 

they  will,  and  strike  rue  blind,  so  that  I  keep  my  gains.  We  may 
bear  all  for  that.  Let  even  a  Ladas  not  hesitate,  if  he  be  poor,  to 
pray  for  the  rich  man's  gout,  unless  he  be  insane.  The  racer's 
Darren  crown,  what  does  he  get  by  that?  The  gods  may  punish, 
but  they  punish  slow:  my  turn  will  not  be  yet;  besides,  it  may  be 
they  will  pardon  me;  the  fault  is  venial.  It's  all  a  chance,  one 
gains  a  cross  by  his  crimes  and  one  a  crown."  'T  is  thus  they  quiet 
conscience,  put  a  bold  face  upon  it,  go  to  the  altar  of  their  own  accord, 
abuse  or  beat  you  for  mistrusting  them,  and  get  believed  for  their 
audacity.  And  so  they  act  their- farce,  while  you  cry  out  with  voice 
like  Stentor  or  like  Mars,  "  Jove,  hearest  thou  in  silence?  Why  do 
we  bring  thee  sacrifice  and  incense  ?  As  far  as  I.  can  see,  your  images 
are  no  better  than  the  statues  of  Vagellius." 

120-161.  Now  take  such  comfort  as  you  may  from  one  unread  in 
all  philosophy.  Patients  in  danger  may  consult  great  doctors,  do 
you  submit  to  an  humbler.  If  you  can  prove  there  never  was  a  crime 
so  bad  in  all  the  world,  I  hold  my  peace,  mourn  as  you  will ;  I  know 
the  loss  of  money  is  greater  grief  than  loss  of  kindred ;  in  its  MM 
mourning  is  not  feigned,  the  tears  are  real.  But  if  it 's  everywhere 
the  same  that  men  deny  their  hand  and  seal,  are  you,  fine  gentleman, 
to  be  excepted?  How  do  you  make  yourself  the  chick  of  a  fine  bird 
and  us  the  produce  of  an  humble  nest?  It's  but  a  small  thing  after 
all  if  you  compare  it  with  the  greater  crimes,  the  hired  assassin,  the 
incendiary,  the  sacrilegious  robber  who  plunders  temples,  or  the 
petty  thief  who  scrapes  the  gold  from  statues  ;  the  poisoner,  the  par- 
ricide. How  small  a  part  is  this  of  all  the  crimes  the  praefect  listens 
to  from  morn  till  night!  His  court  alone  will  teach  you  what  men 
are.  Spend  a  few  days  there,  and  talk  about  your  misery  if  you  dare. 
162-173.  None  wonder  at  swelled  throats  in  the  Alps,  or  blue  eyes 
and  curly  hair  in  Germany,  because  the  people  are  all  the  same.  So 
no  one  in  the  land  of  the  pygmies  laughs  at  their  battles  with  the 
cranes,  though  they  are  only  a  foot  high. 

174-192.  ''But  must  not  perjury  and  fraud  be  punished?  "  Sup- 
pose him  carried  off  and  put  to  death,  your  loss  is  still  the  same,  and 
all  you  get  is  odium  and  a  drop  of  blood  shed  from  a  headless  corpse. 
"  On !  but  revenge  is  pleasanter  than  life."  This  is  fool's  language, 
who  flare  up  for  nothing,  Chrysippus,  Thales,  would  not  say  so,  nor 
Socrates,  who  would  not  share  his  cup  of  poison  with  his  enemy. 
Philosophy  corrects  our  faults  of  nature  and  of  practice :  she  first 
taught  us  right  from  wrong,  for  only  little  minds  care  for  revenge,  as 
you  may  see  from  women's  love  of  it. 

192-235.  But  why  think  they  escape,  whom  conscience  whips? 
Their  punishment  is  worse  than  any  down  in  hell,  who  night  and 
day  carry  their  witness  with  them.  The  Spartan  once  tempted  the 
oracle  and  got  his  answer,  which  the  event  established,  for  he  and 
all  his  house,  though  old,  have  perished.  Such  was  the  penalty  of 
even  a  bad  desire.  For  he  who  thinks  to  do  an  evil  deed  incurs  the 
guilt,  as  if  he'd  done  the  deed.  What  if  the  man  has  carried  out  his 
purpose?  Ceaseless  anxiety  haunts  him  at  meals,  parched  mouth, 
contracted  brow;  bad  dreams,  through  which  the  altars  he  has  sworn 
by  pass,  and  your  tall  ghost,  most  terrible  of  all,  that  drives  him  to 
confession.     'T  is  these  who  tremble  at  the  storm  and  think  each  bolt 

V2 


246  NOTES. 

a  messenger  of  wrath.  If  one  storm  passes,  then  they  fear  the  next, 
and  tremble  at  the  calm  that  goes  before  it.  Every  disease  they 
count  a  stone  or  dart  from  heaven.  They  dare  not  sacrifice  in  sick- 
ness ;  what  can  the  guilty  hope  for?  What  victim  is  not  worthier  to 
live  than  they  ?  236-249.  The  wicked  commonly  are  changeable  ; 
they  are  firm  enough  while  they're  engaged  in  crime;  when  it  is 
done,4hey  learn  the  difference  between  right  and  wrong.  Yet  nature 
will  go  back  to  its  old  ways.  Who  ever  puts  a  limit  to  his  guilt? 
Who  ever  got  back  modesty  once  lost?  Who  is  contented  with  a 
single  crime?  He  will  be  caught  some  day  and  pay  for  it  by  death 
or  banishment.  You  shall  be  happy  in  the  sufferings  of  him  you 
hate,  and  shall  confess  at  last  the  gods  are  neither  deaf  nor  blind. 
Maclean e,  with  modifications. 


1.  Exemplo  malo.  Ablative  of  quality,  used  predicatively :  quod- 
cumque  ita  committitur  utmalo  sit  exemplo.     Cf.  Nag.  Stil.  %  9,  1. 

3.  Absolvo  was  the  legal  word  for  acquittal.  Three  tablets  were 
given  each  judex,  on  one  of  which  was  written  A  (=  absolvo),  on 
another  C  (=  condemno),  and  on  a  third  N.  L.  (=  non  liquet,  "  not 
proven").  —  Racine  expresses  the  same  sentiment  as  Juvenal : 

"De  ses  remords  secrets  triste  et  lente  victime, 
Jamais  un  criminel  ne  s'absout  de  son  crime." 

4.  In  criminal  trials  a  praetor  usually  presided.  Urna  is  either 
the  urn  into  which  the  names  of  the  judices,  who  were  to  be  irn- 
pannelled,  were  placed,  or  that  into  which  the  judices  threw  their 
votes.  Either  could  be  called  the  praetor's  urn,  inasmuch  as  he  drew 
the  lots  in  the  first  place  and  counted  the  votes  in  the  second ;  and 
in  the  performance  of  either  of  these  duties  he  might  betray  his 
trust. 

5.  Juvenal  writes  this  satire  to  a  friend  of  his,  whom  he  calls  Cal- 
vinus,  who  is  in  a  state  of  great  excitement  about  a  fraud  practised 
upon  him  by  a  man  to  whom  he  had  given  in  trust  a  sum  of  money, 
and  who  had  denied  the  trust  on  oath. 

6.  Sed,  and  besides. 

13.  Quamvis  levium,  "  be  they  as  light  as  they  will." 
17.  There  was  a  C.  Fonteius  Capito  who  was  consul  A.  D.  59  with 
C.  Vipsanius  Apronianus.  There  was  another  consul  Fonteius  Ca- 
pito A.  D.  67  ;  and  as  he  is  named  first  of  the  two  consuls  of  his  year, 
and  it  was  the  custom  to  use  the  name  of  the  first  of  the  consuls 
in  designating  dates,  many  scholars  think  that  he  is  the  one  here 


SATIRE    XIII.  247 

referred  to.  This  supposition  brings  the  date  of  this  satire  as  far  down 
as  A.  D.  127. 

20.  Sapientia,  philosophy.  «. 

22.  Jactare  jugum.  The  opposite  of  Horace's  ferre  jugum. 

25.  Puxide  =  pyxide.  Here  for  poison;  the  container  for  the 
thing  contained. 

27.  Baeotian  Thebes  had  seven  gates,  the  Nile  seven  mouths. 

28.  1  read  nona,  with  most  of  the  MSS.,  as  do  Hermann,  Mayor, 
and  Macleane.  P  has  nunc,  which  Jahn,  Ribbeck,  and  Weidner 
adopt.  The  division  of  the  ages  of  the  world  into  the  golden,  silver, 
bronze,  and  iron  is  well  known.  Juvenal  says  we  have  got  down  in 
the  descending  scale  as  far  as  the  ninth  age,  for  which  nature  her- 
self has  found  no  name  nor  any  metal  base  enough  to  designate  it. 
Xinth  may  be  simply  a  humorous  taking  of  a  low  number,  or  may 
involve  an  allusion  to  the  Etruscan  notion  of  ten  ages,  in  which  the 
last  but  one  indicates  the  lowest  degradation  before  the  restoration 
of  primitive  innocence  in  the  tenth. 

31.  Clamore,  sc.  tanto. 

32  sq.  Faesidius  is  an  advocate,  whose  clientes,  bribed  by  the  spor- 
tula,  come  into  court  and  applaud  him  loudly.  Vocalis  sportula  is 
bold  metonymy  for  the  partakers  of  the  dole:  Heinrich  translates, 
die  br'ullenden  Converts ;  Weidner,  die  briillende  Tisch. 

33.  Senior.  This  comparative  has  a  diminutive  force,  and  is  used 
familiarly  or  kindly. 

37.  Rubenti.  Red  with  the  blood  of  victims. 

40.  Fugiens,  as  an  exile.  When  Saturn  was  deposed  by  Jupi- 
ter, he  went  to  Italy  and  engaged  in  tilling  the  earth. 

41.  Privatus  adhuc,  "not  yet  a  public  character." 

43.  Puer  Iliacus.  Ganymede.  —  Formonsa  (formosa)  Herculis 
uxor.  Hebe. 

44  sq.  Et  is  awkward  after  nee,  but  it  serves  to  connect  Herculis 
uxor  and  Vulcanus  closely  together,  making  one  picture  of  the  two 
well-contrasted  personages.  "  He  comes  in  reeking  from  his  work. 
She  is  at  her  task  on  Olympus,  and  hands  him  a  cup  to  refresh  him, 
which  he  first  draius  and  then  wipes  off  the  sweat"  and  soot  M  from 
his  black  arms.'' 

Liparaea  nigra  taberna,  sooty  from  his  forge  on  Lipara. 

46.  Sibi,  by  himself.    Literally,  for  himself. 

47.  Talis  ut  =  tanta,  quanta. 

48.  Atlanta.  Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  iv.  482. 

49.  Profundi.  I.  e.  the  sea.    Some  refer  it  to  Hades,  to  which  they 


248  NOTES. 

think  the  epithet  triste  is  more  appropriate.    But  the  Eomans,  as 
Macleane  says,  had  a  great  dread  of  the  sea. 

50.  Pluto  carried  off  his  wife  Proserpina  from  Sicily. 

51.  Reference  is  made  to  Ixion,  Sisyphus,  and  Tityos. 

54.  Quo.  So  P,  Jahn,  Hermann,  Ribbeck.  Other  readings,  hoc  (t) 
Macleane,  and  quod  (pw). 

55.  "  Thou  shalt  rise  up  before  the  hoary  head  and  honor  the  face 
of  an  old  man." 

57.  Greater  wealth  is  implied  by  larger  stores  of  food.  The  wild 
strawberries  and  acorns  indicate  the  simplicity  of  the  times. 

59.  The  order  of  the  words  in  this  verse  is  noticeable,  —  the  first, 
third,  and  fifth  go  together,  and  the  second,  fourth,  and  sixth.  So 
fully  was  the  first  down  held  equal  with  sacred  old  age. 

62.  Tuscis  libellis.  I.  e.  the  books  of  the  Etrurian  soothsayers,  in 
which,  amoug  other  things  connected  with  religion,  various  wonder- 
ful portents  were  set  down. 

63.  Coronata,  garlanded  for  sacrifice.  —  Lustrari  =  procurari. 

64-70.  Livy  (xli.  26)  speaks  of  a  two-headed  boy  as  a  prodigy  au- 
guring evil.  —  Miranti.  The  plough  is  personified.  (Jahn,  Her- 
mann, and  Ribbeck  read  mirandis,  with  P.)  —  Theophrastus,  Pliny, 
and  Livy  (xlii.  2),  mention  the  digging  up  of  sea-fish  in  the  land. — 
Fetae,  with  foal.  (Liv.  xxxvii,  3 ;  Spallanzi  Mem.  sopra  i  Muli, 
Modena,  1768,  p.  8.)  —  Uva,  a  cluster.  (Liv.  xxi.  46;  xxiv.  10; 
xxvii.  23.  Plin.  iV.  IT.  xi.  18,  55;  Tac.  Ann.  xii.  64.) — Amnis.  I.  e. 
the  Tiber.  —  Miris  =  prodigiosis,  unnatural.   Cf.  Hor.  Epod.  xvi.  31. 

73.  Arcana.  Given  as  a  trust  in  secret :  deposited,  with  the  gods 
only  as  witnesses. 

78.  Tarpeia.  I.  e.  of  Jupiter  Capitolinus. 

79.  Cirraei  vatis.  I.  e.  Apollo.  Cirrha  is  near  Delphi.  Cf.  vii.  64. 

80.  Venatricis  puellae.  Diana. 

83.  There  is  no  need  of  inserting  et  at  the  end  of  the  preceding 
verse,  with  Heinrich  and  Hermann.  After  two  or  more  clauses  con- 
nected by  conjunctions,  a  third  or  last  may  be  added  without  a  con- 
junction, when,  as  here,  it  sums  up  everything  in  the  genus  to  which 
the  things  spoken  of  in  the  preceding  clauses  belong,  and  thus  com- 
prehends them  also. 

84  sq.  He  says  he  will  boil  his  son  and  eat  his  poor  head,  first 
dipping  it  in  Egyptian  vinegar  (which  was  very  strong),  if  he  is  not 
speaking  the  truth. 

89.  Tang  ere  aliquid  =  to  swear  on  something.  Cf.  Liv.  xxi.  1 : 
tactis  sacris  jure  jurando  adactum  se. 


SATIRE    XIII.  249 

91.  Et,  and  yet.  —  Secum,  sc.  cogitat 

94.  Quos  abnego,  which  I  deny  having  received. 

95.  Vomicae,  abscesses.  —  Dimidium  cms,  a  broken  leg  (cf.  viii.  4  ; 
xv.  5,  57).  According  to  Lewis,  a  withered  leg  (reduced  to  half  its 
natural  size). 

96.  Sunt  tanti,  are  worth  bearing  for  their  sake,  i.  e.  for  the  sake 
of  the  moneys  (94) ;  are  not  too  great  a  price  to  pay.  Cf.  Cic.  in 
Cat.  i.  9;  ii.  7.  Madvig  {Opusc.  ii.  187-194)  has  given  a  masterly 
exposition  of  the  various  significations  of  the  phrase  est  tanti. 

Locupletem.  I.  e.  cum  divitiis  conjunctam. 

97-99.  Ladas  was  the  name  of  two  celebrated  victors  in  foot-races 
at  the  Olympic  games,  which  were  held  on  the  plain  of  Olympia, 
near  Pisa  in  Elis.  The  prize  was  a  wreath  of  olive ;  the  olive-branch 
of  victory  is  called  hungry  because  it  bore  no  fruit,  and  was  a  mere 
worthless  symbol.  Anticyra,  in  Phocis,  was  the  chief  place  whence 
hellebore  was  procured,  the  supposed  remedy  for  insanity.  Archi- 
genes  was  a  well-known  physician.  The  last  e  is  long,  as  in  the 
Greek  name.  Juvenal  introduces  Greek  proper  names  rather  fre- 
quently. On  Ladas's  speed  there  is  an  epigram  in  the  Anthology 
(N.  312) : 

AdSas  rd  ora&iop  tiy  r^Xaro  eire  Siiirrt}, 
Saip6viov  rd  rd^os  ov6i  <ppdoai  Svvarov. 

99.  Praestat,  brings  in. 

100.  "And  after  all,  though  the  wrath  of  the  gods  be  great,  assured- 
ly it  is  slow." — Ut,  grant  that. — 100  sqq.  "  Because  sentence  against 
an  evil  work  is  not  executed  speedily,  therefore  the  heart  of  the  sons 
<>!'  nun  is  fully  set  in  them  to  do  evil."  For  tamen  certe  we  should 
have  in  good  prose  simply  tamen  or  certe,  or  at .  .  .  certe. 

102.  Sed,  besides. 

107.  Confirmat.  So  Jahn  and  Ribbeck,  with  S?.  Macleane  and 
Riser  confirmant  (Pw).  Hermann  confirmans,  without  MS.  author- 
ity.   Kiaer  makes  culpae  the  subject  of  confirmant. 

108.  Trahere,  sc.  te.  —  Vexare,  to  hustle. 

109.  Superest,  with  the  dative,  "  belongs  in  abundance  to."  Or  as 
others,  from  a  popular  misuse  of  this  word  to  which  Gellius  (i.  22) 
and  Suetonius  (Aug.  56)  allude,  we  may  translate  it,  "appears  as 
the  advocate  of." 

110  sq.  "  'T  is  as  good  as  a  play."  He  is  acting  just  such  a  farce 
as  the  runaway  slave  in  witty  Catullus  (or  Catulus,  a  celebrated 
mime  writer  in  the  reigns  of  Caligula,  Claudius,  and  Nero). 


250  NOTES. 

112  sq.  Stentor  was  a  Greek  herald  (Horn.  11.  v.  785  sq.)  whose 
shout  was  as  loud  as  that  of  fifty  other  men  together.  Ares  (Gra- 
divus),  when  wounded  by  Diomed,  roared  as  loudly  as  ten  thousand 
men  (Horn.  II.  v.  859  sq.). 

116  sqq.  Carbone.  I.  e.  altar-fire. — Charta  soluta,  from  the  opened 
paper  (i.  e.  wrapper).  —  There  is  a  slight  tone  of  sarcastic  deprecia- 
tion in  Juvenal's  reference  to  the  sacrifice  here,  as  in  x.  354  sq. 

119.  Vagellius.  Some  unknown  man,  of  whom  the  scholiast  says, 
11  stultissimus  accepit  statuam."    The  same  name  occurs  xvi.  23. 

120.  Ferre,  to  offer. 

121.  Et  qui,  even  one  who.     Kibbeck,  is  qui. 

122.  The  Cynics  wore  no  tunic  under  their  pallium. 

123.  Suspioit  (looks  from  under  at,  looks  up  to),  admires.  —  Epi- 
curus, according  to  Pliny  (H.  N.  xix.  4),  was  the  first  to  plant  a 
garden  at  Athens.    In  this  garden  he  taught. 

124.  Dubii,  in  a  critical  state.  —  Notice  the  absence  of  the  prepo- 
sition a  from  medicis.     Cf.  i.  13,  note. 

125.  Philippus  may  be,  as  most  of  the  commentators  say,  some 
obscure  practitioner;  but  the  name  is  that  of  the  celebrated  physi- 
cian of  Alexander  the  Great,  who  certainly  belonged  to  the  medici 
majores.    The  emphasis  is  on  discipulo,  even  to  a  raw  apprentice. 

129.  Claudenda  est  janua,  as  in  the  case  of  a  death  in  the  house ; 
for  the  loss  of  money  is  something  still  more  dreadful! 

132  sq.  "  He  is  not  content  to  tear  only  the  top  of  his  tunic  instead 
of  rending  it  from  top  to  bottom,  and  to  torment  his  eyes  with  forced 
tears  (crocodile's  tears)." 

135.  Cuncta  fora,  all  the  courts.  There  were  several  fora  at  Rome 
at  this  time ;  but  the  three  in  which  the  most  legal  business  was 
done  were  the  Forum  Romanum,  Forum  Julium,  and  Forum  Au- 
gusti. 

136  sqq.  If,  when  the  bond  has  been  read  over  ten  times  on  the 
opposite  side,  they  whom  their  own  handwriting  and  seal  convict, 
declare  their  note  of  hand  to  be  void  and  the  tablets  worthless.  — 
Diversa  parte,  i.  e.  by  the  advocates  of  the  other  party  (the  creditors^. 
So  Madvig.  Others,  on  both  sides;  both  parties  pass  the  document 
back  and  forth,  and  the  debtor  pretends  to  examine  the  document 
honestly,  to  see  if  it  is  genuine.  Macleane,  "  in  various  places,  i.  e. 
in  all  the  fora,"  connecting  the  words  with  the  main  assertion  dicunt, 
etc.  —  Ligni,  the  waxed  tablets  of  thin  deal  on  which  they  wrote. 

138,  139.  The  seal  used  by  the  man  who  denies  his  bond  is  carved 
on  the  choicest  of  sardonyxes,  kept  in  an  ivory  purse.    Pliny  (H.  2T, 


SATIRE    XIII.  251 

xxxvii.  6)  says  that  the  sardonyx  was  the  principal  gem  employed 
for  seals. 

140.  Ten'  =  te-ne.  —  0  delicias,  my  sweet  sir. 

141.  Gallinae  filius  albae  =  feliciter  natus,  white  being  the  lucky 
color.    So  the  French  proverb,  lejils  de  la  poule  blanche. 

144.  Si  flectas,  if  yoic'll  turn.  The  subjunctive  suggests  a  prior 
clause  like  this  :  as  you'll  see. 

147,  149.  Vetus  is  used  of  what  has  been  in  existence  for  a  long 
time ;  antiquus  of  what  existed  in  old  time. 

148.  Adorandae  robiginis.  I.  e.  of  venerable  antiquity. 
150-152.  Exstat,  there  starts  up.  —  Qui  radat.  Subjunctive  of  the 

purpose.  —  Bratteolam  =  bracteolam. 

153.  I  have  adopted  Mayor's  emendation,  solitumst  (solitum  est), 
which  makes  sense  of  a  passage  which  commentators  have  considered 
as  hopeless.  It  is  a  common  custom  to  melt  down  a  whole  statue  of 
the  Thunderer •  (i.  e.  J ove).  The  common  reading  is  solitus,  with 
either  no  pause  after  dubitet,  or  nothing  but  a  comma. 

154.  Mercatorem,  the  purchaser. 

155  sq.  "  The  man  who  should  be  launched  into  the  sea  in  a  bull's 
hide,"  is  a  parricide.    Cf.  viii.  213  sq.,  note. 
157.  Haec  quota  pars,  how  small  a  part  is  this  t    Cf.  iii.  61,  note. 

—  Custos  urbis  =  praefectus  urbi,  an  officer  who  at  this  time  held 
almost  the  whole  criminal  jurisdiction  of  the  city  (Tac.  Ann.  vi.  10- 
11).  C.  Rutilius  Gallicus  was  praefectus  urbi  in  the  reign  of  Domi- 
tian,  and  his  name  may  be  used  for  that  of  the  praefect  at  the  later 
day  when  this  satire  was  written. 

161.  Veneris.  Future  perfect. 

162.  Tumidum  guttur.  The  goitre. 

164  sq.  Cf.  Tac.  Germ.  4 ;  Hor.  Epod.  xvi.  7.  —  Flavam  .  .  .  cirro, 
at  his  hair,  of  yellow  hue,  and  making  twisted  horns  with  its  moist- 
ened locks.  Cf.  Tac.  Germ.  38.  So  Riser.  Commentators  generally 
have  supplied  Germanum  for  torquentem. 

167  sqq.  Ad,  to  meet.  Cf.  Hand  Turs.  i.  84.  —  Thracum  volucres 
arc  the  cranes,  of  which  Threiciae,  Strymoniae,  are  constant  epithets 
"  In  the  East,"  says  Macleane,  "  the  sudden  subitas  appearance  of  / 
clouds  of  birds,  no  one  can  tell  where  from,  when  any  prey  is  to  by 
got,  is  very  surprising.  The  cry  of  the  crane  is  sum  that  the  flock 
may  be  heard  very  high  up  in  the  air  after  it  has  passed  out  of  sight." 

—  The  fabulous  people  of  the  pygmies  lived  in  India,  or  at  the  sources, 
of  the  Nile.  On  their  battles  with  the  cranes,  cf.  Horn.  72.  iii.  3-7. — 
Sed  illic,  etc.  However  frequently  such  sights  occur,  and  however 


252  NOTES. 

numerous  the  spectators,  nobody  laughs,  because  all  the  pygmy- 
warriors  are  small  enough  to  be  carried  off  by  a  crane.—  iPede  uno. 
The  pygmies  were  a  Greek  nvyfit  in  height,  or  thirteen  and  a  half 
inches. 
175.  Graviore  catena.  Modal  ablative  (of  description). 

178.  Sospes.  Cf.  Hor.  Carm.  i.  36,  4 :  Hesperia  sospes  ab  ultima. 

179.  Invidiosa,  full  of  odium.  You  will  be  detested  for  taking  so 
cruel  revenge. 

181.  What  verb  is  to  be  supplied,  of  which  indocti  is  the  subject  ? 
183.  Adeo,  in  fact. 

185.  Dulci.  Hymettus  was  and  is  famed  for  its  honey.  —  Senex. 
Socrates. 

194.  Surdo  verbere,  with  the  noiseless  lash.  Cf.  Pers.  vi.  28.  So 
caeca  for  invisible,  as  caeca  saxa. 

195.  Animo,  (tamquam)  tortore,  flagellum  quatiente. 

197.  The  scholiast  says  that  Caedicius  was  a  courtier  and  most 
cruel  satellite  of  Nero.    Take  gravis  with  Caedicius. 

198.  Cf.  Ausonius : 

Turpe  quid  ausurus  te  sine  teste  time. 

And  Sen.  Up.  xliii. :  Si  honesta  sunt  quae  facis,  omnes  sciant;  si 
turpia,  quid  refert  neminem  scire  cum  tu  scias?  O  te  miserum,  si 
contemnis  hunc  testem ! 

199-208.  The  story  is  told  in  Herodotus  (vi.  86).  A  person  named 
Glaucus  bore  the  highest  reputation  for  honesty  in  all  Sparta.  A 
man  of  Miletus  came  to  him  and  said  that,  in  consequence  of  his 
reputation  for  just  dealing,  he  wished  to  deposit  half  his  fortune 
with  him.  Glaucus  accepted  the  deposit,  and  promised  to  restore  the 
money  to  any  one  who  should  produce  certain  tokens  and  claim  it. 
This  the  man's  sons  afterwards  did,  but  Glaucus  professed  to  have 
forgotten  all  about  the  matter,  and  required  four  months  to  refresh 
his  memory.  When  he  consulted  the  oracle  at  Delphi  as  to  whether 
he  might  not  keep  the  money  and  swear  he  had  never  received  it,  an 
answer  was  returned  denouncing  dreadful  punishment  on  the  breaker 
of  oaths;  and  Glaucus,  begging  pardon  of  the  god,  paid  the  money. 
The  priestess  warned  him  that  he  who  tempts  God  is  as  bad  as  he 
who  does  the  wickedness  which  it  is  in  his  mind  to  do.  Terrific 
punishment  came;  and  the  whole  house  of  Glaucus  became  extinct. 
(Macleane.) 

200  sq.  Quondam,  one  day ;  (at  some  future  time).  —  Dubitaret 
retinere,  he  hesitated  about  keeping  back. 


SATIRE    XIII.  253 

205  sq.  Probavit  extinctus.  We  should  say,  "  his  death,  with 
that  of  all  his  relations,  proved." 

207.  "  And  his  relatives,  although  derived  from  a  remote  common 
stock  "  (or  collateral  line). 

211.  Nee  mensae  tempore.  Post-classical  for  ne  mensae  quidem 
tempore. 

212.  Ut  morbo,  as  from  disease ;  i.  e.  as  from  fever. 

213.  Difficili  crescente  cibo,  when  his  food,  hard  to  swallow,  seems 
to  swell  between  his  teeth. —  Setina.  Herd's  conjecture,  adopted  by 
Jahn,  Hermann,  Ribbeck.    The  MSS.  sed  vina. 

215.  Melius,  sc.  vinum. 

218.  Jam,  at  last. 

221.  Tua  sacra  imago,  thy  awful  apparition. 

226.  Vindicet.  So  Ribbeck  and  Weidner,  after  $  Serv.  Aen.  iv.  209 ; 
vi.  179.    The  ordinary  reading  is  judicet  (Pw). 

228.  Hoc  dilata  ser^no,  put  off  by  this  short  lull.  The  ominous 
character  of  the  first  lull,  says  Macleane,  is  well  known  by  all  those 
who  have  witnessed  a  tropical  storm. 

234.  Nocentibus  aegris,  the  sick  if  they  be  guilty.  (Macleane.) 
Weidner  remarks  that  nocens,  as  compared  with  noxius,  denotes  an 
habitual  quality. 

235.  The  life  of  any  animal  that  could  be  offered  in  sacrifice  were 
worth  more  than  his. 

236.  Malorum.  Masculine;  {of  the  wicked.) 

237.  Superest  constantia.  "  They  have  resolution  enough  and  to 
spare." 

244  sq.  In  laqueum.  I.  e.  to  be  strangled.  Cf.  Sail.  Cat.  55  :  laqueo 
gulam  fregere.  —  The  body  was  dragged  out  of  the  prison  with  the 
uncus.  —  Other  interpretations  are,  of  in  laqueum,  "  into  the  snare  " 
(i.  e.  of  temptation,  or  "he  will  be  caught  in  his  guilt"),  and  of 
uncum,  "  the  hook  or  ring  in  the  prison  wall  to  which  the  culprit's 
chains  are  attached." 

246.  Places  of  exile  are  here  referred  to,  as  Gyaros,  Seriphos. 

248.  Nominis,  person,  man. 

249.  Tiresias,  the  Theban  prophet,  was  blind. 

**v  Macleane  remarks  upon  the  subject  of  this  satire :  "  There 
never  was  a  time  when  conscience  did  not  exist  in  the  mind  of  man, 
however  completely  the  habit  of  guilt  may  have  seared  it  in  some, 
and  given  a  color  of  innocence  to  wickedness  in  the  judgment  of 
whole  communities.    The  picture  Juvenal  draws  is  taken  from  ex- 

\V 


254  NOTES. 

perience,  the  experience  of  those  who  were  no  Christians,  and  had 
no  knowledge  to  deter  them  but  that  which  was  suggested  from 
within.  If  we  are  surprised  to  read  in  Juvenal  language  or  senti- 
ments which,  if  delivered  from  a  Christian  pulpit,  would  be  appropri- 
ate and  searching,  it  is  because  we  are  apt  to  forget  that  human 
nature,  with  its  desires,  its  corruptions,  and  its  self-deceptions,  has 
always  been  the  same  in  the  main,  and  that  God  has  never  been 
without  his  witness  against  guilt  in  the  heart  of  man.  This  satire 
represents  the  common  moral  sense  of  mankind.  The  law  of 
Christianity  confirms  the  unwritten  law  of  which  conscience  has 
always  been  the  guardian  and  the  exponent,  and  of  which  such  writ- 
ings as  Juvenal's,  especially  this  poem,  are  the  clearest  evidence." 


SATIRE    XIV. 


>*Kc 


ARGUMENT. 


1-30.  There  's  many  a  wrong  act,  Fuscinus,  which  is  taught  both 
by  precept  and  example.  The  old  man  games,  his  boy  too  shakes 
the  dice.  What  hope  is  there  of  him  who  learns  in  youth  to  season 
fig-peckers  and  mushrooms?  Give  him  a  thousand  teachers,  he  will 
never  cease  to  be  a  gourmand.  Does  Rutilus  train  his  son  to  gentle- 
ness, holding  that  servants  and  masters  are  one  flesh,  or  cruelty,  when 
all  he  loves  is  the  sweet  sound  of  the  lash,  the  monster  of  his  trem- 
bling household,  happiest  when  a  wretched  slave  is  tortured  for  a 
trifle  ?  What  does  he  teach  his  boy  who  loves  the  grating  of  the 
chain,  the  brand,  the  workhouse? 

31-43.  It  is  but  nature;  home  examples  come  with  great  authority, 
and  so  corrupt  more  speedily  than  any.  One  or  two  of  better  sort 
may  spurn  them,  but  others  follow  in  their  elders'  footsteps  and  the 
old  track  of  crime  long  put  before  them.  So  keep  from  wrong,  if 
for  no  other  reason,  yet  for  this,  that  those  who  are  born  of  us  will 
imitate  our  faults,  for  all  are  teachable  in  vice ;  a  Catiline  you  '11  find 
in  every  town,  a  Cato  or  a  Brutus  nowhere. 

44-85.  Let  nothing  evil  come  near  the  young.  Great  reverence  is 
due  to  boys.  If  you  are  meditating  wickedness,  think  not  the  child 
too  young  to  see  it.  Whatever  wrong  you  do,  he  '11  grow  up  like  you 
not  in  face  alone,  and  stature,  but  in  morals,  and  follow  in  your  foot- 
steps :  and  after  this  you  '11  punish  him  and  disinherit  him  forsooth  ! 
When  guests  are  coming,  you  will  sweep  your  house  and  scold  and 
rave  for  fear  a  speck  of  dirt  offend  the  company,  and  yet  you  take 
no  care  that  your  son  should  see  his  home  all  spotless.  You  give 
your  country  a  great  boon  if  you  shall  make  him  a  good  citizen.  It 
matters  much  how  you  shall  train  him  up.  The  bird  when  fledged 
will  seek  the  food  his  mother  brought  him  in  the  nest. 

86-95.  Cetronius  took  to  building  everywhere  grand  marble 
houses,  and  so  broke  his  fortune :  but  he  left  his  son  no  small  inherit- 
ance, which  he  wasted  in  his  turn  in  building  finer  houses  than  his 
father.  96-106.  The  father  shows  respect  to  the  Jews'  worship,  the 
son  becomes  a  Jew  and  goes  all  lengths  with  the  law  of  Moses. 

107-134.  But  though  the  young  are  prone  to  imitate  all  other  vices, 
to  avarice  they're  actually  forced  against  their  will.     It  looks  too 

255 


256  NOTES. 

much  like  a  virtue,  to  attract  them  of  itself.  They  're  cheated  with 
the  show  of  gravity  it  wears,  the  praise  it  wins  for  carefulness  and* 
skill  in  getting.  These  are  the  craftsmen  to  make  fortunes  grow! 
Yes,  anyhow,  the  forge  and  anvil  working  on  forever.  The  father, 
too,  thinks  only  misers  happy,  and  bids  his  boys  go  on  that  road 
with  those  philosophers.  All  vices  have  their  rudiments,  in  these 
he  trains  them  first  and  afterwards  they  learn  the  insatiable  desire 
for  money.  He  pinches  his  slaves'  bellies  and  his  own  :  saves  up  the 
fragments  and  puts  them  under  seal  for  next  day's  supper,  a  meal 
the  beggars  would  not  share. 

135-151.  What  worth  is  money  got  at  such  a  price?  "What  mad- 
ness is  it  to  live  a  pauper's  life  in  order  to  die  rich  !  As  money  grows, 
the  love  of  it  grows  too.  He  wants  it  least  who  has  it  not.  So  you 
go  adding  house  to  house  and  field  to  field,  and  if  your  neighbor  will 
not  sell,  you  send  your  beasts  to  eat  his  crops.  'T  is  thus  that  many 
properties  change  owners. 

152-172.  But  what  will  people  say  ?  "  And  what  care  I  for  that? 
I  do  not  value  at  a  beanshell  all  the  world's  praise,  if  I  am  to  be. 
poor  to  earn  it."  Then  you  are  to  escape  the  pains  and  cares  of  life 
and  live  for  many  a  year,  because  you  've  land  as  much  as  Rome 
possessed  when  Tatius  reigned  !  And  after  that  two  jugera  was 
counted  ample  for  old  soldiers  broken  in  the  wars,  and  they  were 
well  content.     For  us  't  is  not  enough  for  pleasure-ground. 

173-255.  Hence  come  more  murders  than  from  any  cause,  for  he 
who  would  be  rich  would  be  so  quickly.  And  who  that  hastens  to 
be  rich  cares  aught  for  laws  ?  The  old  Sabellian  spake  thus  to  his 
sons :  "  Be  happy  with  your  cottages  and  mountains :  let  the  plough 
get  us  bread ;  so  shall  we  please  the  country  gods,  whose  help  and 
favor  got  us  corn  for  acorns.  That  man  commits  no  crimes  who 
wears  rough  boots  and  clothes  himself  in  hides.  Outlandish  purples 
lead  to  every  crime."  Now  all  is  changed  :  the  father  wakes  his 
son  at  midnight.  "  Up,  get  out  your  tablets,  write,  read,  study  law, 
petition  for  a  centurionship:  let  the  commander  see  you  rough  and 
hairy.  Go  fight,  and  in  your  sixtieth  year  you  '11  get  the  eagle.  Or 
if  your  courage  fails  turn  merchant;  don't  be  particular,  stinking 
hides  will  do.  Money  smells  sweet  wherever  it  may  come  from. 
The  poet's  words  be  ever  on  your  lips,  well  worthy  of  the  gods  and 
Jove  himself,  —  ''whence  you  get  no  one  asks,  but  get  you  must.' " 
This  is  what  nurses  teach,  the  boys  and  girls  learn  this  before  their 
alphabet.  When  I  hear  fathers  urging  thus  their  sons,  I  answer, 
What  need  of  all  this'haste?  I  warrant  you  the  pupil  will  outstrip 
his  teacher.  Make  yourself  easy,  he'll  surpass  his  father,  as  Ajax 
Telamon,  Achilles  Peleus.  He 's  young,  when  he  begins  to  shave 
he  '11  swear  and  lie  for  a  mere  trifle.  Woe  to  his  wife  if  she  is  rich  ! 
He  knows  a  shorter  way  to  wealth  than  ranging  sea  and  land.  Crime 
is  no  trouble.  "  I  never  taught  him  this,"  you  '11  say  some  day. 
But  you  're  the  cause  of  all  his  wickedness.  Who  trains  his  son  to 
avarice  gives  him  the  reins,  and  if  he  tries  to  check  him  he  refuses, 
and  spurns  his  driver  and  the  goal.  He  thinks  it  not  enough  to  err 
as  far  as  you  will  let  him.  Tell  him  the  man's  a  fool  who  helps  his 
friend,  teach  him  to  rob  and  cheat,  by  every  crime  get  money,  which 
you  love  as  ever  patriot  loved  his  country,  and  then  you  '11  see  the 


SATIRE    XIV.  257 

spark  yourself  have  lighted  blown  to  a  flame  and  carryall  before  it: 
you  '11  not  escape  yourself,  the  lion  you  have  reared  will  tear  his 
keeper.  Your  horoscope  is  told,  you  say :  but  he  '11  not  wait,  he  '11 
weary  of  your  obstinate  old  age.  Buy  yourself  antidotes,  such  as 
kings  and  fathers  should  take  before  their  meals. 

256-302.  No  play  is  half  so  good  as  to  look  on  and  see  what  risk 
they  run  to  increase  their  store.  Can  the  petaurista  or  the  rope-dancer 
amuse  us  more  than  he  who  lives  at  sea,  a  wretched  trafficker  ia 
perfumed  bags  or  raisin  wine  from  Crete  ?  The  dancer  does  it  for  a 
livelihood,  you  but  for  countless  gold  and  houses.  The  sea  is  full  of 
ships ;  more  men  there  than  ashore ;  wherever  gain  may  call  them 
there  they  go.  A  fine  return  for  all  your  toil,  to  come  with  full 
purse  back  and  boast  you've  seen  the  monsters  of  the  deep.  Mad- 
ness may  vary,  but  that  man  is  mad  who  fills  his  ship  and  risks  his 
life  for  silver  cut  in  little  heads  and  letters.  The  clouds  are  lower- 
ing; "  't  is  nothing,"  cries  the  master,  "  mere  summer  thunder,"  and 
that  night  perhaps  his  ship  is  lost  and  he  himself  must  swim  for 
life;  and  he  who  thought  the  gold  of  Tagus  and  Pactolus  little, 
must  beg  in  rags,  carrying  with  him  the  picture  of  his  wreck. 

303-331.  What  danger  gets,  anxiety  must  guard.  Licinus  posts 
his  regiment  of  slaves  with  buckets  all  the  night,  in  terror  for  his 

E)late  and  marble  and  all  his  finery.  The  Cynic's  tub  burns  not ; 
>reak  it,  and  he  will  make  another  or  patch  up  the  old  one.  So 
Alexander,  when  he  saw  the  man  who  made  that  tub  his  home,  then 
learnt  how  happier  far  was  he  who  wanted  nothing,  than  he  who 
coveted  a  world  and  went  through  every  toil  to  get  it.  All  gods  are 
there  where  Prudence  is ;  't  is  we  who  make  Fortune  a  goddess.  If 
any  ask  me  what  is  the  measure  of  a  private  fortune,  I  tell  them  just 
as  much  as  nature  wants,  or  Epicurus  for  his  little  garden,  or  Socrates 
before  him.  Nature  and  Philosophy  always  speak  alike.  But  if  I 
seem  too  hard  upon  you,  mix  a  little  from  our  habits  with  the  old. 
Make  up  a  knight's  fortune:  if  that  be  not  enough,  then  two,  or  even 
three.  If  that  does  not  suffice,  then  will  not  Croesus's  treasures  or 
Persia's  kingdom  or  Narcissus's  wealth.— Macleane,  with  modifi- 
cations. 


1.  Fuscinus.  Some  friend  of  Juvenal,  unknown  to  us. 

2.  Nitidis  rebus.  "The  minds  of  the  children,  in  their  first  inno- 
cence, are  the  '  bright  things.7  " 

5.  Bullatus.  Cf.  v.  164,  note.  —  Fritillus  is  a  dice-box.  —  Arma,  i. 
e.  the  dice.    Cfr  Verg.  Aen.  i.  177  :  Cerealiaque  arma  expediunt. 
7.  Radere  tubera  terrae,  to  peel  truffles. 

9.  Ficellas  (=  ficedulas).  So  Mayor,  after  Lachmann.  The  MSS. 
ficedulas,  which  alone  will  be  found  in  the  Lexicons.  The  beccafico 
was  the  only  bird  of  which  epicures  allowed  the  whole  to  be  eaten. 

10.  Monstrante,  showing  the  w<t>/. 

12.  Barbatos.  Beards  were  much  affected  by  those  who  set  up  for 
philosophers. 

17— Jot.  WJ 


258  NOTES. 

15.  Modicis  erroribus  aequos,  indulgent  to  small  transgressions. 
Cf.  Hor.  Sat.  i.  3,  118,  140. 

16  sq.  Nostra  is  taken  with  materia.  On  the  sentiment  cf.  Ma- 
crob.  I.  xi.  6  :  tibi  autem  unde  in  servos  tantum  et  tam  inane  fa- 
stidium,  quasi  non  ex  eisdem  tibi  et  constent  et  alantur  elementis 
eundemque  spiritum  ab  eodem  principio  carpant  ? 

18.  Rutilus.    Some  father.    Hardly  the  same  person  as  in  xi.  2. 

19.  Nullam  Sirena.  I.  e.  no  Siren's  song. 

20.  The  Antiphates  and  the  Polyphemus  of  his  trembling  house- 
hold. Antiphates,  the  grewsome  king  of  the  Laestrygones,  ate  up 
one  of  the  three  men  whom  Ulysses  sent  out  as  explorers,  and  sunk 
all  his  ships  but  one.  {Odys.  x.  80-132.)  The  story  of  the  Cy- 
clops Polyphemus  {Odys.  ix.  182-542;  Aen.  iii.  618  sqq.)  is  well 
known. 

22.  Duo  propter  lintea,  for  the  loss  of  a  couple  of  toioels. 

24.  Inscripta  ergastula,  the  branded  slaves  in  the  workhouse.  (Cf. 
viii.  180,  note.)  In  ergastula  we  have  a  bold  metonymy,  —  the  con- 
tainer for  the  thing  contained.  Inscriptus  is  not  found  elsewhere  in 
Juvenal  in  the  sense  of  branded,  but  is  so  used  by  Pliny,  Martial, 
and  Gellius.    The  common  word  is  inustus  or  compunctus. 

33.  Cum  subeant.  Subjunctive  as  giving  the  reason.  Yg,  su- 
beunt. 

35.  The  Titan  is  Prometheus,  (a  son  of  the  Titan  Iapetus,)  the 
fabled  creator  of  the  human  race. 

38  sq.  Hujus  ....  est,  for  there  is  at  least  one  reason  that  com- 
mands  this  (i.  e.  to  keep  clear  from  grievous  sins). 

43.  The  uncle  of  Brutus  was  Cato  Uticensis. 

45.  A  (ah)  is  the  interjection.  It  is  a  conjecture  of  Cramer's, 
adopted  by  the  best  editors.     The  MSS.  have  hinc,  hanc,  ac  (P). 

46.  The  parasite  that  makes  a  night  of  it  is  "  the  contemptible 
guest  who  for  a  dinner  sits  up  all  night  drinking  or  gaming,  or  both, 
and  singing  low  songs." 

49.  Notice  the  hiatus  before  the  caesura  in  the  third  arsis. 
52  sq.  Qui  ....  peccet,  one  to  follow  in  your  steps  and  exaggerate 
all  your  faults. 

55.  Tabulas.  I.  e.  your  will. 

56.  Unde  tibi  frontem,  etc.  On  the  ellipsis,  cf.  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  7, 16 : 
unde  mihi  lapidem?  .  .  .  unde  sagittas? 

57  sq.  Vacuum  ....  quaerat.  You  are  mad,  and  want  cupping. 
The  cupping-glass  is  called  windy,  perhaps  from  the  pressure  of  the 
external  air.    In  the  Middle  Ages  the  adjective  ventosa  itself  became 


SATIRE    XIV.  259 

a  noun  signifying  a  cupping-glass,  and  hence  the  Italian  ventosa  and 
French  ventouse. 

59.  Tuorum,  sc.  famulorum. 

62.  Leve,  plain.  —  Aspera,  embossed. 

67.  Saw-dust  was  thrown  before  sweeping,  like  our  tea-leaves. 

68  sqq.  An  argumentum  ex  contrario.  —  Omni  sine  labe,  for  sine 
ulla  labe,  is  post-classical. 

71.  Utilis  agris.  The  art  of  agriculture  was  held  in  very  high 
esteem,  and  its  importance  for  the  national  welfare  recognized. 

75.  Devia  =  deserta. 

77.  Crucibus.  The  crosses  bearing  bodies  of  malefactors. 

80  sqq.  In  point  of  fact,  vultures  build  their  nests  in  rocks,  and 
eagles  (famulae  Jovis  et  generosae  aves)  are  scarcely  more  delicate  in 
the  choice  of  their  food  than  vultures.  Juvenal  follows  popular 
tradition,  often  against  the  facts  of  natural  history  ;  thus  he  speaks 
of  beavers  as  mutilating  themselves  (xii.  34),  ants  as  laying  up  stores 
for  winter  (vi.  361),  cranes  as  having  talons  (xiii.  169),  elephants  as 
shedding  their  tusks  when  they  have  grown  too  heavy  (xi.  12G),  the 
ibis  as  eating  snakes  (xv.  3),  and  tigers  and  boars  as  never  fighting 
among  each  other  (xv.  160  sqq.). 

83.  Levavit.  So  Priscian,  Ribbeck,  Weidner.  Hermann  reads 
levabit  (w),  Jahn  and  Mayor,  levarit,  P  leva  ret. 

86.  Aedificator,  passionately  fond  of  building.  The  verbal  sub- 
stantive in  -or  implies  a  continued  and  constantly  repeated  activity  in 
the  actor.    Cf.  Nagelsbach  Stil.  g  54. 

90.  There  was  an  ancient  and  celebrated  temple  of  Fortuna  at 
Praeneste,  and  one  of  Hercules  at  Tibur,  whence  the  town  is  often 
called  Herculeum. 

91.  Posides  was  a  freedman  and  favorite  of  Claudius.  Pliny 
mentions  the  aquae  Posidianae,  a  splendid  bathing-house  on  the 
shore  at  Baiae.  —  Capitolia.  Pluralis  majestatis. 

94.  Turbavit,  squandered. 

96-106.  With  Juvenal's  account  of  the  Jews,  cf.  Tac.  Hist.  v.  4,  5. 

96.  Metuere  and  metus  are  the  words  used  for  religious  fear. 

103.  Non  monstrare,  sc.  solent  or  consueverunt.  Juvenal  says 
that  the  Jews  will  not  show  any  one  the  way  except  he  be  of  their 
faith,  nor  tell  the  tired  traveller,  if  he  be  uncircumcised,  where  he 
may  quench  his  thirst. 

110.  Habitu,  in  bearing.  —  Vultuque  et  veste  severum,  severe  both 
in  countenance  and  attire. 

114.  The  two  dragons  referred  to  are  the  one  that  watched  the 


260  NOTES. 

Hesperides,  as  they  watched  the  golden  apples,  and  the  one  that 
guarded  the  golden  fleece  of  Colchis  in  Pontus. 

115  sq.  Adquirendi  artificem,  "  an  adept  in  the  art  of  getting  rich." 

117.  Crescunt  quocumque  modo.  Hor.  Epp.  i.  1,  65 :  rem  facias, 
rem ;  si  possis,  recte,  si  non,  quocumque  modo  rem. 

119.  Et  pater  ergo,  and  so  the  father  too. 

120  sq.  Madvig  would  read  (with  inferior  MSS.)  mirantur,  pu- 
tant. 

126.  Modio  iniquo.  Cf.  Dig.  xix.  1,  32  :  iniquis  ponderibus.  Slaves 
had  a  certain  allowance  of  corn,  olives,  dates,  figs,  vinegar,  and  wine, 
either  by  the  month  or  the  day. 

127.  Neque  enim  sustinet  umquam,  for  indeed  he  can  never  bear. 
129  sq.  Medio  Septembri.  In  the  very  season  when  the  heat  was 

excessive  and  the  air  pestilential. 

131.  Lacertus.  A  coarse  sea-fish,  eaten  in  summer  dried  or  salted. 
Translate,  salt-fish. 

132.  Signatam,  sealed  up,  so  that  the  slaves  could  not  eat  it. — Si- 
luro,  sheat-fish.     Cf.  iv.  33. 

133.  Fila,  shreds,  slices.  Weidner  translates  it,  blades.  —  Sectivi 
porri.     Cf.  iii.  293,  note. 

134.  Aliquis  de  ponte,  any  beggar  from  the  bridge.  Cf.  iv.  116, 
note ;  v.  8,  note. 

135.  Sed  quo,  sc.  habes  or  possides.    Cf.  viii.  9,  note. 
140.  The  subject  of  optat  is  qui  non  habet. 

142  sq.  Major  et  melior.  Sc.  than  your  own. 

144.  Densa  qui  canet  oliva,  which  is  hoary  with  the  thickly-planted 
olive.  The  hoary,  gray,  silvery,  dusky  hue  of  their  foliage,  makes 
olive-trees  a  very  striking  and  peculiar  feature  in  a  landscape. 

147.  Hujus,  refers  to  dominus  (145). 

152.  Quam  .  .  .  famae,  "  what  a  foul  blast  will  rumor  blow  !"  —  P 
(alone)  has  foede,  and  so  Jahn  and  Ribbeck ;  but  even  in  P,  as  Her- 
mann says,  it  may  be  that  foede  stands  for  foedae. 

155.  Secantem,  while  reaping  merely. 

156.  Scilicet,  of  course ;  no  doubt.    Sarcastic. 

160.  Tatius  is  the  legendary  Sabine  king  under  whom  and  Romulus 
the  Romans  and  Sabines  formed  one  united  kingdom. 

162.  The  Molossi  were  a  people  of  Epirus.  Pyrrhus  is  called  rex 
Molossus  xii.  108. 

165  sq.  Ingratae  curta  fides  patriae,  a  scant  discharge  of  her 
promise  on  the  part  of  their  thankless  country. 

169.  The  slave  played  with  his  three  young  masters;  the  title  do- 


SATIRE    XIV.  261 

minus  being  given  to  a  master's  son  as  well  as  to  a  master.  Cf.  Plaut. 
Capt.  Prol.  18. 

178.  Properantis.  Cf.  Prov.  xxviii.  22 :  He  that  hastcth  to  be  rich 
hath  an  evil  eye. 

180  sq.  The  people  mentioned  were  all  of  that  Sabellian  stock 
which  was  proverbial  for  severity  and  simplicity  in  its  way  of  living. 

187.  Inversis.  I.  e.  with  the  hair  inside.  —  Peregrina  purpura. 
Phoenician,  Lacouian,  and  African  purples  were  most  esteemed. 

188.  Quaecumque  est  indicates  at  once  disdain  for,  and  ignorance 
of,  the  foreign  innovation. 

191.  Accipe,  "  here,  take!" 

192.  Eubras  leges.  The  titles  and  beginnings  of  laws  were  written 
in  red,  with  ink  made  of  minium,  vermilion,  or  rubrica,  red  ochre. 
Hence  rubrica  came  to  mean  the  civil  law ;  hence  too  our  word  rubric. 

193.  Vitem,  the  vine  switch  of  the  ceuturion  (viii.  247,  note),  used 
here  for  a  centurion's  commission.  — Libello,  a  petition. 

195.  Laelius  is  put  for  the  commander  of  the  troops  to  whom  the  pe- 
tition would  be  referred.  Let  him  see  what  a  stalwart  fellow  you  are ; 
(for  it  was  thought  well  that  centurions  should  be  big  and  burly.) 

197.  Locupletem  aquilam.  "  The  primipilus  centurio  had  charge 
of  the  eagle  of  the  legion,  and  was  above  all  the  centurions  in  rank 
and  pay.  Lipsius  says  they  rose  from  the  lowest  grade  to  the  highest 
by  rotation,  except  in  cases  of  extraordinary  merit.  The  ten  cohorts 
of  the  legion  consisted  of  thirty  manipuli,  and  in  each  manipulus 
there  were  two  centurions." 

199.  Solvunt,  relax.  —  Solvunt  ventrem.  "  A  common  result," 
says  Lewis,  "  of  the  first  sound  of  cannon  in  modern  actions." 

201.  Pluris  dimidio.  For  more  tha»  half  as  much  again  as  it  cost 
you. 

202.  Trades  of  an  offensive  kind,  such  as  tanning,  had  to  be  carried 
on  Tiberim  ultra,  i.  e.  in  the  Trastevere. 

206.  Poeta,  as  its  axithor. 

208.  Vetulae  assae,  old  dry-nurses. 

212.  Praesto,  I  warrant.  —  Meliorem,  sc.  fore. 

215  sq.  Nondum  .  .  .  nequitiae,  "  the  evils  of  matured  vice  have 
not  yet  filled  the  marrow  of  their  bones." 

217.  Cultri,  of  the  razor. 

218  sq.  There  are  three  possible  translations  of  vendet  perjuria 
8umma  exigua :  "  he  will  sell  his  perjuries  for  a  trifling  sum  ;  "  "  he 
will  perjure  himself  most  heavily  for  a  trifle;  "  or  "  he  will  perjure 
himself  in  any  way  you  like,  little  or  great."— Et,  even;  and  that  too. 


262  NOTES. 

219.  Tangens  pedem.  Like  devotees. 

220  sq.  Elatam,  borne  out  to  burial.  —  Limina  subit.  The  bride, 
on  entering  her  new  home,  was  lifted  across  the  threshold. 

224.  Magni  sceleris,  in  the  case  of  a  great  crime.  Cf.  Cic.  Tusc. 
iv.  6,  14  :  praesentis  autem  mali  sapientis  affectio  nulla  est. 

227-231.  Pueros  producit  avaros,  schools  his  sons  in  avarice.  — 
Condaplicare,  sc.  praecepit.  —  Commentators  generally  confess  them- 
selves unable  to  extract  any  sense  from  verse  229.  Kiaer  meets  the 
difficulty  by  considering  verses  227,  228,  and  229-231  (curriculo)  as 
containing  two  parallel  statements ;  nam  .  .  .  amorem  is  the  first 
protasis,  et  .  .  .  avaros  the  first  apodosis ;  et  .  .  .  conduplicare  is 
the  second  protasis,  dat  .  .  .  curriculo  the  second  apodosis.  With 
this  interpretation  et  in  verse  228  must  be  taken  as  equivalent  to 
etiam. 

231.  Quem  must  be  regarded  as  a  careless  expression,  in  a  carelessly 
written  satire,  referring  to  juvenis,  or  some  such  word  suggested  by 
curriculo  or  by  the  whole  phrase  dat  .  .  .  curriculo. 

238.  Quarum  amor,  sc.  tantus  est.  Before  the  correlative  adjectives 
qualis  and  quantus,  Juvenal  almost  always  omits  talis  and  tantus. 

240.  Menceceus,  son  of  Creon,  gave  his  life  for  his  country  when 
the  seven  came  against  Thebes. 

241.  Quorum  is  used  as  if  Thebani  had  preceded,  and  not  Thebas. 

243.  Tubicen.  To  give  the  signal  for  battle. 

244.  Ergo,  so  then  (as  I  was  saying). 

247.  Leo  alumnus,  the  lion  you  have  reared.  —  Toilet,  will  make 
way  with,  will  destroy. 

249.  Colus.  The  distaff  of  the  Fates. 

251.  Cervina.  Hesiod  (according  to  Pliny,  H.  N.  vii.  48)  attributes 
to  the  raven  nine  lives  of  man,  to  the  stag  four  lives  of  a  raven,  and 
to  the  crow  three  lives  of  a  stag.     To  man  he  gives  ninety-six  years. 

252.  Archigenes  was  a  celebrated  physician  of  this  period,  a  Greek, 
born  in  Syria.  —  Mithridates  VI.,  king  of  Pontus,  was  in  the  habit 
of  taking  antidotes,  and  had  so  fortified  his  constitution  by  their 
means,  that  when  he  wished  to  poison  himself  he  could  not,  and  was 
obliged  to  get  a  soldier  to  kill  him. 

257.  Praetoris.  Cf.  viii.  194,  note.  The  praetor  presided  at  the 
ludi  scenici  in  the  time  of  the  emperors.  He  is  called  lautus  on 
account  of  the  magnificence  of  the  games. 

258.  Discrimine.  Ablative  of  price. — Constent,  cost. 

260  sq.  The  temple  of  Castor  was  in  the  Forum  Romanum,  and 
near  it  the  bankers  had  their  places  of  business.    They  kept  the 


SATIRE    XIV.  263 

cash-chests  of  their  customers  in  this  temple,  where  there  were  sen- 
tries. The  temple  of  Mars  Ultor,  in  the  Forum  Augusti,  had  been 
used  (it  would  seem)  as  a  place  of  deposit  of  this  kind,  but  it  had 
been  robbed,  or  possibly  damaged  by  fire  (Weidner),  and  Mars  had 
lost  his  helmet  also,  as  well  as  other  treasures. 

262  sq.  The  festival  of  Flora  was  celebrated  at  Rome  from  the 
28th  April  till  the  3d  May,  every  year.  The  Cerealia  were  held  in 
the  middle  of  April.  On  the  festival  of  Cybele,  also  in  April,  the 
Megalesiau  games  (cf.  xi.  193)  were  celebrated.  At  each  of  these  festi- 
vals there  were  dramatic  representations.  —  Aulaea.     I.  e.  the  plays. 

265.  Fetauro.  A  flying-machine,  or  stage  from  which  persons  took 
flying  leaps. 

266.  Reotum  funem,  the  tight-rope. 

267.  Corycus  was  the  name  of  a  city  and  promontory  in  Cilicia. 
There  was  a  promontory  of  the  same  name  in  Crete. 

271.  Fassum,  raisin-wine.  See  Lexicon,  s.  v.  pando.  —  Lagonas 
sb  lagenas.  They  are  called  "  compatriots  of  Jove"  from  the  tradi- 
tion of  the  education,  and  even  of  the  birth  and  burial,  of  Jupiter  in 
Crete.  When  the  people  of  Crete  asked  aid  of  America  in  their 
attempt  to  throw  off  the  Mohammedan  yoke,  they  began  their  appeal 
witli  the  words,  "  We,  the  descendants  of  Minos  and  of  Jupiter." 

273  sq.  Ilia  mercede  —  illius  rei  mercede.  —  Ilia  reste,  i.  e.  recto 
fane  (266). 

274  sq.  Tu  .  .  .  temerarius.  The  rope-dancer  hazards  his  life  to 
avoid  starvation ;  you  hazard  yours  for  superfluities. 

280.  Herculeo  gurgite.  In  the  Atlantic.  "  Posidonius  and  Epi- 
curus pretended  that  when  the  sun  sank  in  the  Atlantic,  it  hissed 
like  red-hot  iron  plunged  into  water.  According  to  the  popular  be- 
lief, the  Sacrum  Promontorium,  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  Hispania, 
now  Cape  St.  Vincent,  was  the  place  where  the  sun  plunged  with  his 
chariot  into  the  sea." 

283.  Juvenes  marinos.  Tritons,  Nereids,  and  the  like. 

284  sq.  Non  unus  furor,  not  one  kind  only  of  madness.  —  Ille.  I.  e. 
Orestes.  —  Sororis.  I.  e.  Electra,  who  throws  her  arms  around  her 
brother  to  prevent  him  from  leaping  from  his  couch  in  his  terror  at 
the  apparition  of  the  Furies.  The  scene  is  from  the  Orestes  of  Euri- 
pides. —  Igni.  I.  e.  the  torches. 

286.  Hie.  I.  e.  Ajax.    The  scene  is  from  the  Aias  of  Sophocles. 

287.  Ithacum.  I.  e.  Ulysses.  —  Farcat .  .  .  lacernis.  Though  he 
may  not  tear  his  clothing,  like  some  other  lunatics. 

288.  Curatoris.  In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Twelve 


264  NOTES. 

Tables,  a  curator  or  guardian  was  appointed  by  the  praetor  in  the 
cases  of  persons  of  unsound  mind.     Cf.  Hor.  Epp.  i.  1,  102,  103. 

289.  Ad  summum  latus,  to  the  topmost  edge :  i.  e.  to  the  very  top 
of  the  bulwarks.  —  Tabula  distinguitur  unda,  is  separated  from  the 
water  by  a  single  plank  : 

"digitis  a  morte  remotus 
quattuor  aut  septem,  si  sit  latissima  taeda."  — Sal.  xii.  58  sq. 

291.  Silver  cut  up  into  small  coins,  having  on  them  the  "  image 
and  superscription  "  of  the  emperor. 

292.  Solvite  funem,  loose  the  cable.    Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  iii.  266  sq. 
294.  Fascia  nigra,  this  black  streak  or  black  belt  of  clouds. 
298,  Modo,  but  now. 

300.  Sufficient,  sc.  ei,  the  antecedent  of  cujus  (298). 

301  sq.  Shipwrecked  men  had  paintings  made  of  the  scene  of  their 
misfortune,  and  carried  them  around  with  them  to  gain  sympathy 
and  alms.  —  Picta  se  tempestate  tuetur,  maintains  himself  by  a 
painting  of  the  storm. 

305.  Amis  =  hdmis.  —  "  In  the  days  of  the  empire  there  were 
seven  cohorts  of  night  police,  whose  business  it  was  to  ensure  to  the 
citizens  protection  from  fire.  The  wealthy,  however,  who  kept  an 
immense  number  of  slaves  (cf.  iii.  141),  did  not  trust  to  this  common 
protection,  but  had  their  own  private  watchman  (here  cohortem  ser- 
vorum).  Nero  ordered  all  who  could  afford  it  to  keep  custodes  et 
subsidia  reprimendis  ignibus  in  propatulo  (Tac.  Ann.  vi.  43).  They 
were  furnished  with  hamae  —  buckets  filled  with  water  —  and  with 
siphones,  and  other  instruments  for  checking  conflagrations." 

306.  Attonitus,  "  wild  with  fear." 

307  sq.  Electro.  Cf.  v.  38.  —  Signis.  Cf.  viii.110.  —  Phrygia.  Syn- 
nada,  in  Phrygia,  was  famed  for  its'  marble.  —  Ebore.  Cf.  xi.  123 
sqq.  —  Testudine.  Cf.  xi.  94  sq.  It  was  common  to  inlay  furniture 
with  tortoise-shell.  Or  lata  testudo  may  refer  to  the  vaulted  and 
highly  ornamented  roof  of  the  palace. 

308  sqq.  Dolia.  The  "  tub  "  of  Diogenes  was  made  of  clay.  If 
any  one  broke  it,  he  could  make  another  next  day,  nay  more,  he 
could  patch  the  old  one  with  lead.  —  Commissa,  soldered. 

311  sqq.  The  story  of  Alexander's  visit  to  Diogenes,  and  how  the 
Cynic  told  him  not  to  stand  between  him  and  the  sun,  when  asked 
if  there  was  anything  that  could  be  done  for  him,  is  told  by  Plutarch 
{Alex.  14). 

319.  Hortis.  Cf.  xiii.  123,  note. 


SATIRE    XIV.  265 

320.  The  extreme  frugality  of  Socrates' 8  mode  of  life  was  appealed 
to  by  himself  in  proof  of  his  disinterestedness  (Apol.  xviii.),  and  is 
attested  by  Xenophon  and  Aristophanes. 

322.  Cludere  =  claudere.  "  Do  I  seem  to  confine  you  by  too 
rigid  examples  ?  " 

323.  Nostris,  our  (modern). 

324.  On  the  fourteen  rows  and  the  law  of  Otho,  cf.  iii.  154,  note. 

325.  If  this  makes  you  knit  your  brow  and  pout  your  lip. 

326.  Duodecies  sestertium  was  the  census  senatorius. 

327.  Gremium.  The  fold  of  the  toga  (sinus),  in  which  the  purse 
was  commonly  carried.    Cf.  vii.  215.  —  Ultra,  i.  e.  for  more. 

329.  Narcissus  was  the  chief  favorite  of  Claudius  Caesar.  He 
made  a  fortune  of  about  four  million  of  our  money.  It  was  he,  and 
not  Claudius,  who  ordered  the  death  of  Messalina.  The  subject  of 
paruit  is  Claudius.  Cf.  Plin.  Epp.  viii.  6 :  imaginare  Caesarem  lib- 
erti  precibus  vel  potius  imperio  .  .  obtemperantem. 

X 


SATIKE   XV. 


ARGUMENT. 

1-32.  All  know,  Volusius,  the  monsters  Egypt  worships ;  here 't  is 
the  crocodile,  the  ibis  there;  the  long-tailed  ape  at  Thebes  where 
Memnon  strikes  his  lyre  ;  cats,  river  fish,  and  dogs  (but  not  Diana). 
Onions  and  leeks  no  tooth  may  harm.  O  holy  people,  whose  gods 
grow  in  their  gardens !  A  sheep  or  goat  they  may  not  eat,  but  human 
flesh  they  may.  When  once  Ulysses  told  such  marvellous  tales  to 
Alcinous  and  his  guests,  some  more  sober  than  the  rest  no  doubt 
were  wroth,  and  would  have  thrown  him  into  the  sea,  with  his  tales 
about  Laestrygones  and  Cyclopes.  His  Scylla  and  his  clashing  rocks 
and  bladders  full  of  storms  and  comrades  turned  to  swine,  were  not 
so  hard  to  swallow.  He  had  no  witness  to  support  him ;  but  my 
story,  a  crime  not  known  in  all  the  tragedies,  was  acted  publicly  the 
other  day. 

33-71.  Two  neighboring  peoples,  Ombites  and  Tentyrites,  have 
long  fallen  out  with  deadly  hatred,  only  for  this,  that  each  maintain 
there  are  no  other  gods  but  those  they  worship.  It  was  a  holiday  at 
Ombi,  a  fit  occasion  for  the  enemy,  who  were  resolved  to  spoil  their 
seven  days'  sport  (for  these  barbarians  vie  with  the  infamous  Cano- 
pus  in  good  living) :  and  they  expected  easy  victory  when  they  were 
drenched  with  wine.  On  one  side  there  was  dancing,  flowers,  per- 
fumes (such  as  they  were) ;  on  the  other,  hatred  and  an  empty  belly. 
First,  they  cry  out  words  of  abuse,  with  hot  courage;  this  is  the 
trump  of  battle.  Then  they  charge  with  mutual  shout:  their 
weapons  are  their  fists  ;  scarce  any  cheeks  were  left  without  a  wound, 
or  any  nose  unbroken.  Faces  contused  you  'd  see  throughout  the 
host,  cheeks  burst  and  bones  all  starting  through  the  skin,  fists  reek- 
ing with  the  blood  of  eyes  knocked  out.  But  this  is  child's  play : 
what  use  is  such  a  crowd  of  combatants  if  none  are  killed?  So  they 
grow  fiercer  and  throw  stones,  not  such  as  Turnus,  Ajax,  or  Tydides 
threw,  but  such  as  men  can  wield  in  these  degenerate  days,  when  all 
are  bad  aud  puny,  so  that  heaven  laughs  at  men  and  hates  them. 

72-92.  But  to  return.  One  party  reinforced  get  bold  and  ply  the 
sword  and  bow ;  and  Tentyra  flies,  as  they  pursue.  One  slips  and 
falls  in  his  haste;  they  take  him  prisoner  and  cut  him  up  and  eat 
him  raw.  How  lucky  they  profaned  not  the  holy  element !  But 
they  who  ate  had  never  a  more  happy  meal.  Don't  think  it  was  the 
first  taste  only  that  was  sweet ;  the  last  man  when  the  carcase  was 

266 


SATIRE    XV.  267 

all  gone,  scraped  up  the  blood  on  the  ground  and  Kcked  it  from  his 
fingers. 

93-131.  Vascones,  they  tell  us,  lengthened  life  by  food  like  this  : 
but  that  was  fortune's  spite  and  war's  extremity,  a  long  blockade 
and  famine.  Such  cases  we  should  pity,  when,  after  all  their  food  is 
gone  to  the  last  blade  of  grass,  men  eat  each  other,  as  they  would 
themselves :  these  gods  and  men  may  pardon,  as  the  ghosts  would  do 
of  those  they  've  eaten.  Zeno  may  teach  us  all  things  must  not  be  done 
even  for  life ;  but  how  should  they  be  Stoics,  and  that  in  old  Metel- 
lus's  time?  Now  all  the  world  have  got  our  learning  and  the  Gre- 
cian too.  Gaul  teaches  Britain  how  to  plead,  and  Thule  talks  of 
hiring  soon  a  rhetorician.  But  yet  that  noble  people  and  Saguntum 
had  some  excuse  for  what  they  did.  But  Egypt  was  more  savage 
than  the  Tauric  altar;  for  there  (if  we're  to  trust  the  story)  the 
goddess  only  sacrificed  the  men,  and  nothing  more.  What  led  these 
people  to  their  crime,  what  accident,  blockade,  or  famine  ?  Suppose 
the  Nile  had  left  the  country  dry,  what  greater  insult  could  they 
show  the  god  ?  The  Cimbri,  Bri tones,  and  Scythians  were  never  yet 
so  savage  as  this  useless  cowardly  herd,  who  swarm  upon  the  river 
in  their  painted  boats.  No  punishment  is  hard  enough  for  those 
whose  passion  is  as  bad  as  famine. 

131-174.  Nature  has  given  soft  hearts  to  men,  as  tears  will  prove. 
She  bids  us  weep  for  friends  in  sorrow,  for  the  poor  wretch  on  trial 
for  his  life,  or  boy,  that  brings  his  fraudulent  guardian  to  justice, 
with  weeping  face  and  streaming  hair.  She  bids  us  weep  when  a 
young  maiden  dies  or  little  babe.  What  good  man  and  true  but 
counts  all  human  miseries  his  own  ?  'T  is  this  distinguishes  us  men 
from  beasts ;  for  this  we  've  minds  to  take  in  things  divine  and  exer- 
cise all  arts ;  and  sense  from  heaven,  which  they  have  not  who  look 
down  to  the  earth.  They  've  breath  but  we  have  soul,  so  that  sym- 
pathy bids  us  seek  mutual  help,  join  in  communities,  and  quit  the 
woods  our  fathers  lived  in,  build  houses,  join  our  habitations  for 
mutual  safety,  stand  by  each  other  and  protect  the  fallen,  fight  side 
by  side  at  one  signal,  share  the  same  walls  and  towers.  But  now  the 
snakes  are  more  harmonious  than  we  are;  the  wild  beast  preys  not 
on  his  kind :  but  as  for  man  't  is  not  enough  to  have  forged  the  fatal 
sword,  though  the  first  smiths  knew  only  to  make  tools.  But  now 
we  see  whole  peoples  not  content  with  killing  in  their  passion,  but 
they  must  eat  each  other.  What  would  Pythagoras  say,  where  would 
he  run  to,  if  he  saw  these  monstrous  doings,  he  who  abstained  from 
all  kinds  of  meat  and  ate  not  every  kind  of  vegetable  ?— Macleane, 
with  modification*. 


1.  Of  Volusius  Bithynicus,  to  whom  this  carelessly  written  letter 
is  addressed,  we  know  nothing. 

3.  The  ibis  does  not  eat  snakes,  although  Herodotus  (ii.  75,  76) 
and  Cicero  (N.  D.  i.  36)  speak  of  it  as  destroying  flying  serpents. 

4.  Nitet  aurea,  glitters  in  gold.    So  jacet  obruta  (6),  lies  in  ruin. 


268  NOTES. 

5.  "  Memnon's  statue  that  at  sunrise  played  "  was  mutilated  (di- 
midio).     It  was  afterwards  restored,  perhaps  by  Septimius  Severus. 

7.  Aeluros,  cats  (aZAovpoj).  An  emendation  of  Brodaeus,  now  gene- 
rally adopted.    P  has  aeruleos,  the  other  MSS.  caeruleos. 

9.  Cepe  =  caepe. 

10.  Haec  =  talia. 
17.  Abicit  =  abjicit. 

19  sq.  Concurrentia  saxa  Cyaneis.  Either  the  rocks  that  dash 
against  each  other  in  the  Cyanean  sea  (i.  e.  the  Symplegades),  or 
the  rocks  that  clash  with  the  Cyanean  waves  (dative),  or  the  rocks  that 
dash  against  the  Cyanean  isles.  I  prefer  the  first  interpretation.  Cf. 
Soph.  Antig.  966  :  Kuaveuv  n&aytwv.  Juvenal  confounds  the  Symple- 
gades, at  the  entrance  of  the  Thracian  Bosporos  from  the  Euxine, 
with  rocks  in  the  Sicilian  sea  which  Circe  advised  Ulysses  to  avoid. 

20.  When  Ulysses  was  leaving  the  island  of  Aeolus,  the  king  gave 
him  a  leathern  bag  containing  all  the  winds.  His  companions  let 
them  out  oi  the  bag,  causing  a  tempest.  (Odys.  x.  19,  46.) 

22.  Et  =  etiam. 

26.  Canebat,  chantait,  =  recitabat. 

27.  Junco.  So  P,  Jahn,  Hermann,  Ribbeck,  Mayor,  Weidner. 
There  was  a  consul  of  the  name  of  Juncus  under  Hadrian,  A.  D.  127. 
(Dissertazioni  della  pontificia  Acad.  Bom.  di  Archeologia  vi.  231.) 
From  ignorance  of  this  fact,  other  MSS.  and  editors  altered  the  read- 
ing to  Junto. 

28.  Super,  above,  i.  e.  to  the  south  of;  up  the  country. 

30.  A  Pyrra.  As  we  say,  since  the  flood.  —  Syrmata.  For  tragoe- 
dias.    Cf.  viii.  229. 
33.  Finitimos.  The  term  is  used  laxly. 

39.  Alterius  populi.  The  people  celebrating  the  festival  were  the 
Ombites. 

40.  Inimicorum.  The  Tentyrites. 

45.  Quantum  ipsi  notavi.  These  words  imply  that  their  author 
had  visited  Egypt.  Most  lives  of  Juvenal,  following  the  pseudo- 
Suetonius,  relate  that  he  was  sent  to  Egypt,  when  eighty  years  of 
age,  as  prefect  of  a  cohort  stationed  at  Syene,  and  that  this,  under 
the  appearance  of  an  honorary  appointment,  was  in  reality  meant  as  a 
species  of  exile.  The  story  is  incredible  in  itself,  and  apparently  de- 
rived from  the  present  passage.  (Mayor.) 

46.  Canopus,  though  in  Egypt,  was  a  cosmopolitan  city,  a  centre 
of  Greek  and  oriental  culture  and  luxury ;  and  its  manners  were  no 
type  of  those  of  Egypt  in  general. 


SATIRE    XV  269 

48.  Inde,  on  one  side,  i.  e.  among  the  Ombites.  —  51.  Hinc,  on  the 
other  side,  i.  e.  with  the  Tentyrites. 

52.  Haec  tuba  rixae,  this  was  the  trumpet  of  the  fray.    Cf.  i.  169. 

53-56.  Dein  ....  integer.  The  two  clauses  connected  by  a  conjunc- 
tion (et)  represent  the  action ;  the  two  added  without  any  conjunction 
represent  the  effect  of  the  action. 

64.  Domestica  seditioni  tela,  the  familiar  weapons  of  sedition. 
Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  i.  148-150. 

65  sq.  Hnnc  =  talem.  —  Qualis,  accusative  plural.  —  Turnus  et 
Ajax,  sc.  torquebant.  —  On  the  proper  names,  cf.  Verg.  Aen.  xii.  896 
sqq. ;  Horn.  //.  vii.  268  sqq. ;  v.  302  sqq. 

69.  Genus  hoc,  this  race  of  ours. 

73.  Aucti.  Plural,  appositive  to  the  noun  of  multitude  pars.— 
Pars  altera,  i.  e.  the  Ombites. 

76.  There  were  groves  of  palm  in  the  neighborhood  of  Tentyra. 

77.  Hino  =  ex  hac  parte,  on  the  side  of  the  Tentyrites. 

86.  Te  perhaps  does  not  refer  to  Volusius,  but  is  a  bold  address  to 
fire  itself. 

88.  Sustinuit,  had  the  heart  to. 

90.  Prima  gula  =  qui  primus  gustavit  hanc  carnem. 

93.  The  Vascones  were  a  people  of  Spain  on  the  upper  Ebro. 
They  had  a  town  Calagurris  ( now Calahorra),  of  the  man-eating  of  the 
inhabitants  of  which,  when  oppressed  by  siege  A.  u.  c.  682,  we  read 
in  Valerius  Maximus  vii.  6 :  qui  quo  perseverantius  interempti  Ser- 
torii  cineribus,  obsidionem  Cn.  Pompei  frustrantes,  fidem  praestarent, 
quia  nullum  jam  aliud  in  urbe  eorum  supererat  animal,  uxores  suas 
natosque  ad  usum  nefariae  dapis  verterunt :  quoque  diutius  armata 
juventus  viscera  sua  visceribus  suis  aleret,  infelices  cadaverum  reli- 
quias  sallire  non  dubitavit. 

95.  Ultima,  sc.  discrimina. 

97.  Miserabile  debet  esse,  ought  to  excite  our  compassion. 

102  sq.  Esse,  from  edo.  —  Et  sua.  Cf.  Ov.  Met.  viii.  877  sq. : 


ipse  8uos  artus  lacero  divellere  morsu 
coepit  et  infelix  minuendo  corpus  ale! 


alebat. 

109.  Q.  Metellus  Pius  conducted  the  Sertorian  war  together  with 
Cn.  Pompeius. 

110.  Graias  nostrasque  Athenas,  the  Grecian  Athens  and  our 
own,  i.  e.  the  Grecian  culture  and  our  own.  —  Athens  is  the  worthiest 
metonym  for  intellectual  and  ethical  culture,  — the  city  unde  huma- 
nitas,  doctrina,  religio,  fruges,  jura,  leges  ortae  atque  in  omnes  terras 

X2 


270  NOTES. 

distributae  putantur  (Cic.  pro  Flac.  62) ;  the  naikvon  ttjs  'E\\d6os 

(ThllC.  ii.  41),  the  Koivbv  naiSevriipiov  iravrmv  avBpwmov  (Diodor.). 

114.  For  the  siege  of  Saguntum  (Saguntus,  Zagynthos,  ZolkwOos)  'see 
Liv.  xxi.  7-15.  Augustin  (Civ.  Dei  iii.  20  j  says  that  it  is  believed 
that  some  of  the  besieged  citizens  ate  the  corpses  of  their  friends. 

115.  Tale  quid  excusat,  had  excuse  for  any  such  conduct.  —  The 
Maeotic  altar  is  the  altar  of  the  Tauric  goddess,  called  by  the  Greeks 
Artemis,  on  which  all  strangers  who  came  to  the  country  were  sacri- 
ficed.    Cf.  Eurip.  Iph.  in  Taur. 

117.  Ut  jam,  supposing  only. 

119.  Quis  modo  casus,  what  mischance  even.  On  modo  in  the  sense 
of  even,  at  all,  cf.  Cic.  Tusc.  v.  66  :  quis  est  omnium,  qui  modo  cum 
Musis  habeat  aliquod  commercium  ? 

120.  Hos,  the  Ombites.  —  Vallo,  their  ramparts. 

122  sq.  Anne  ....  Nilo  !  could  they,  if  the  land  of  Memphis  were 
dried  up,  do  anything  worse  to  spite  the  Nile  because  he  would  not 
rise?  Cf.  Ov.  Met.  iv.  547  :  invidiam  fecere  deae.  Others  (as  Mayor, 
Weidner),  translate  aliam  invidiam  facerent  Nilo,  bring  any  greater 
infamy  (or  odium)  upon  the  Nile.    Drought  would  cause  famine. 

124.  By  Britones  Juvenal  seems  to  mean  the  Britons,  whose 
human  sacrifices  were  well  known.  As  Juvenal  in  all  other  places 
calls  them  Britanni,  some  suppose  that  the  reference  here  is  to  some 
German  tribe. 

133.  Quae  dedit,  in  that  she  has  given. 

134  sq.  She  bids  us,  then,  weep  for  the  squalid  plight  of  a  friend 
when  he  pleads  his  cause  and  is  accused;  or  as  we  should  say,  who  is 
accused  and  pleads  his  cause.  Some  inferior  MSS.  give  casum  lugen- 
tis  instead  of  causam  dicentis.  Riser  would  emend  by  reading  squa- 
lorem  atque  insteat  of  squalor emqxie. 

137.  Incerta  is  explained  by  some  as  meaning  hard  to  be  dis- 
tinguished from  a  girl's,  by  others  hard  to  be  recognized  (i.  e.  so  that 
it  is  not  easy  to  tell  who  he  is). 

140.  Minor  igne  rogi,  too  young  for  the  fire  of  the  funeral-pile. 
Children  who  died  before  they  had  a  tooth  were  buried,  not  burned. 

140  sq.  Face  arcana.  On  the  fifth  day  of  the  Eleusinian  mysteries 
the  initiated  carried  torches  to  the  temple  of  Demeter  (Ceres),  led  by 
a  priest.  Of  every  neophyte  the  hierophant  demanded  moral  purity. 
—  Qualem  esse,  sc.  hominem. 

142.  Ulla  aliena  sibi  credit  mala.  Every  one  will  remember  the 
noble  verse  of  Terence  (Heaut.  i.  1,  29) : 

homo  sum,  humani  nihil  a  me  alienum  puto. 


SATIRE    XV.  271 

143.  Macleane  takes  venerabile  as  having  an  active  meaning, 
reverential,  or  capable  of  reverence,  which  suits  the  context  better 
than  the  passive  sense.  Forcellini  cites  two  examples  of  the  active 
use  of  this  verbal  from  Valerius  Maximus. 

147.  Prona  et  terram  spectantia,  sc.  animalia.  Cf.  Ov.  Met.  i. 
84-86: 

pronaque  cum  spectent  animalia  cetera  terram, 
os  homini  sublime  dedit,  caelumque  tueri 
jussit  et  erectos  ad  sidera  tollere  voltus. 

Dryden  adds  a  magnificent  epithet  in  his  translation  of  Ovid  : 

"Man  looks  aloft,  and  with  erected  eyes 
Surveys  his  own  hereditary  skies." 

149.  "  Animus  est  quo  sapimus,  anima  qua  vivimus." 

151.  In  populum,  into  one  people. 

157.  Defendier.  Notice  this  archaic  form  of  the  present  infinitive 
passive. 

160.  Cognatis  maculis,  kindred  spots,  i.  e.  .animals  of  the  same 
species ;  the  leopard  recognizes  the  leopard  and  spares  him. 

166.  Produxisse,  to  have  beaten  out,  i.  e.  to  have  forged.  "  Pro- 
ducere  "  like  "  extendere  "  (168).  —  Cum,  although. 

67.  Coquere,  to  forge. 

68.  Extendere  =  excudere. 

170  sq.  Bed  crediderint  =  sed  qui  crediderint,  the  qui  being  sug- 
gested by  quorum  (169).  Subjunctive,  because  qui  =  tales  ut  ii. 
Kiccr  makes  crediderint  a  "  dubitative  "  subjunctive,  "  quos  credi- 
disse  probabile  est." 

174.  The  story  that  Pythagoras  abstained  from  beans  is  probably 
a  fable ;  but  Juvenal  follows  the  common  tradition. 


SATIEE   XVI. 

ARGUMENT. 

1-6.  O  Gallitts,  who  can  tell  the  advantages  of  lucky  service  ?  Give 
me  a  crack  regiment,  and  I  '11  enlist  and  think  my  stars  have  favored 
me.  Of  course  a  fortunate  hour  avails  one  more  than  if  he  had  a 
letter  of  recommendation  to  Mars  from  his  wife  Venus  or  his  mother 
Juno. 

7-34.  First,  the  advantages  that  all  soldiers  enjoy.  The  greatest 
is  that  no  civilian  dares  to  strike  you,  nay  more,  if  you  strike  him, 
he  holds  his  tongue,  and  dares  not  show  his  grievance  to  the  praetor. 
If  he  would  have  revenge  he  has  his  judge,  a  stout  centurion  in  the 
camp,  for  soldiers  may  not  go  beyond  for  trial.  Most  just,  no  doubt, 
is  the  centurion's  judgment,  and  if  I  've  right  upon  my  side  he  '11 
give  me  satisfaction.  But  all  the  camp  will  see  that  my  revenge  shall 
prove  a  greater  trouble  than  the  wrong.  And  he's  a  bold  man  who 
would  dare  offend  so  many  boots  and  hobnails.  And  who  would 
come  so  far  to  give  his  evidence  ?  Let 's  dry  our  tears,  nor  trouble 
friends  who  will  not  fail  to  excuse  themselves.  The  man  who  dares 
to  witness  to  the  assault  is  worthy  of  the  good  olden  times :  a  lying 
witness  may  be  easier  got  against  a  townsman  than  a  true  against  a 
soldier's  fortunes  and  bis  honor. 

35-50.  And  if  a  scoundrel  neighbor  moves  my  landmark,  or 
debtor  will  not  give  me  back  my  own,  then  I  must  wait  and  go 
through  all  the  law's  delays ;  but  soldiers  are  allowed  their  own  time 
for  suing  and  no  drag  stops  their  suit. 

51-60.  The  soldier  too  may  make  a  will  while  yet  his  father  lives, 
for  all  he  gets  in  service  is  his  own.  The  old  man  therefore  courts 
his  lucky  soldier  who  by  fair  favor  is  rewarded  as  his  gallant  deeds 
deserve.  For  'tis  the  general's  interest  that  the  brave  should  also 
be  the  lucky  and  pride  themselves  upon  their  trappings  and  collars. — 
Macleane,  tvith  modifications. 


1.  It  is  idle  to  ask  who  is  the  Gallius  (or  Gallus,  Galli  P,  Galle  w) 
to  whom  this  unfinished  satire  is  addressed. 
2  sqq.  Si  .  .  .  sidere,  "  if  a  fortunate  corps  is  being  entered,  may 

272 


SATIRE    XVI.  273 

its  gate  receive  me,  a  timorous  recruit,  under  a  favorable  star." 
Priscian  quotes  verse  2  twice,  with  quod  si  instead  of  the  nam  si  of 
the  MSS. 

6.  Samia.  Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  i.  16. 

8.  Ne.  .  .  .  audeat  follows  illud  erit  (commodum),  because  "  subest 
notio  impediendi  velprohibendi"  (Hand.  Turs.  iv.  42). 

9.  Immo,  nay  more. 

11.  Offam,  swelling. 

12.  Medioo  nil  promittente,  of  which  the  doctor  gives  no  hope. 
13  sq.  "  He  who  would  have  redress  for  these  injuries  has  assigned 

to  him  for  judge  a  Bardaic  shoe,  and  big  legs  at  big  benches."  The 
Bardaici  or  Vardiaci  (called  also  Vardaei)  were  an  Illyrian  tribe. 
The  Bardaicus  calcevCs  represents  here  a  centurion.  "  Judioem  dare 
was  properly  said  of  the  praetor  urbanus,  who  could  appoint,  if  he 
pleased,  a  judex  privatus  to  hear  a  private  case  at  the  instance  of  the 
plaintiff.  "    Here  the  praetor  sends  the  plaintiff  to  a  military  court. 

14.  Grandes  dantur  magna  ad  subsellia  complenda  surae.  Cf.  Na- 
gelsbach  Stil.  \  122,  2. 

15.  More  Camilli  is  not  to  be  taken  strictly,  but  represents  gener- 
ally the  ancient  military  usages  of  Rome. 

18.  Cognitio,  the  jurisdiction.  —  Derit  =  deerit. 

19.  Justae  querelae.  Genitive  of  quality. 

20.  Each  cohort  was  divided  into  six  centuries  or  three  maniples. 
23.  Corde,  understanding.  — Who  Vagellius  was  we  know  not. 
26.  Tarn  Pylades,  i.  e.  so  devoted  a  friend.  —  Molem  aggeris  ultra, 

beyond  the  mole  of  the  rampart,  i.  e.  within  the  rampart  of  the  camp. 
Agger  is  the  rampart  of  Servius  Tullius,  which  overlooked  the  prae- 
torian camp.  A  friend  must  be  ready  to  give  his  life,  as  was  Pylades, 
or  he  must  live  so  remote  from  the  city  as  to  have  no  cause  to  dread 
the  wrath  of  the  praetorians,  to  be  willing  to  give  testimony  in  your 
behalf  against  a  soldier. 

31.  I  will  deem  him  such  a  man  as  the  noblest  worthies  of  the  good 
old  times.  The  Romans  wore  their  hair  long  and  their  beards  uncut 
until  300  B.  c,  when  barbers  were  introduced  from  Sicily. 

33.  Paganum,  a  civilian.    Properly,  a  rustic,  a  countryman. 

34.  Fortunam,  the  interests. — Pudorem,  honor ;  good  name. 

36.  Sacramento  rum,  of  military  life.  Literally,  of  the  soldier's  oath. 

38  sq.  Medio,  intervening  ;  which  separates  our  estates.  —  At  the 

Terminalia,  every  February,  the  owners  of  adjacent  property  made 

offerings  of  cakes  of  meal  and  honey,  etc.,  to  the  god  Terminus. 

Sometimes  a  lamb,  or  a  sucking  pig,  was  slaughtered.  —  Patulo, 

18— Juv. 


274  NOTES. 

broad.  —  Any  one  whose  landmark  was  removed  had  an  actio  termini 
moti  against  the  person  who  did  it. 

40.  Pergit,  etc.,  persists  in  not  restoring  money  deposited  with 
him.    In  this  case  the  aggrieved  party  had  an  actio  depositi. 

41.  Repeated  from  xiii.  137. 

42  sq.  I  shall  have  to  wait  for  the  year  in  which  the  suits  of  a. 
whole  people  begin  (literally,  which  begins  the  suits,  etc.).  "These 
suits  would  be  brought  before  the  centumviral  court.  Suits  could  be 
begun  only  in  the  half  year  from  the  1st  of  March  to  the  1st  of  Sep- 
tember (Mommsen,  Histor.-Philolog.  Gesellsch.  Breslau,  1857,  i.  2,  1). 
If  the  suit  was  not  brought  to  an  end  within  a  magistrate's  year, 
praescriptio,  or  limitation  ensued.  To  avoid  this,  it  was  necessary  to 
await  the  beginning  of  a  new  magistrate's  term  of  office,  in  order  to 
obtain  at  least  the  longest  possible  time  for  the  action.  (Keller, 
Litis  Contestation,  135  sq.)  " 

43.  Tunc  quoque  — ■  si  litibus  inchoatis  petitori  praetor  formulam 
dedit,  i.  e.  causam  recepit. 

45.  Sternuntur.    I.  e.  with  cushions. 

45  sq.  The  court  is  broken  up  on  some  pretext  or  other,  just  as 
Caedicius  is  taking  off  his  cloak  to  plead,  or  Fuscus  is  preparing 
himself  for  a  long  speech. 

47.  Lenta  .  .  harena,  and  we  contend  only  with  the  retarding  sand 
of  the  forum.  Instead  of  a  contest  jure  et  disceptatione  fori,  we 
have  only  the  trouble  of  going  away.  (Weidner.)  Others  translate, 
"  and  the  forum  is  but  a  slow  arena  for  our  combat." 

49.  Agendi,  of  going  to  law. 

51  sqq.  "  According  to  Roman  law,  all  the  property  amassed  by  a 
son  during  his  .father's  lifetime  belonged  to  the  latter  (was  in  his 
potestas),  and  could  be  disposed  of  by  him  only.  The  early  emperors, 
with  a  view  to  making  military  service  popular,  allowed  an  excep- 
tion to  this  law  in  the  case  of  the  earnings  of  soldiers.  The  castrense 
peculium  was  the  private  property  of  the  soldier  and  at  his  disposal." 

53.  In  corpore  census,  incorporated  in  the  private  fortune ;  a  part 
of  the  property  which  was  under  the  father's  control. 

54.  Omne  regimen,  unlimited  control.  —  The  name  Coranus  may 
be  borrowed  from  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  5,  55  sqq. 

56  sq.  Hunc labori,  such  an  one  deserved  favor  advances,  and 

returns  its  due  rewards  to  his  honorable  service.  —  Favor  is  a  conjec- 
ture of  Ruperti's,  now  generally  adopted.    The  MSS.  give  tabor. 

60.  The  satire  breaks  off  abruptly,  and  was  evidently  left  un- 
finished. 


THE  FIFTH  SATIRE  OF  PERSIUS. 

This  satire  is  addressed  by  Aulus  Persius  Flaccus, — the  young 
Etruscan  nobleman,  whose  pure  morals,  attractive  character,  and  un- 
timely death  excite  an  even  greater  interest  than  the  few  works  he 
left  behind  him,  —  to  his  friend  and  teacher,  the  philosopher,  gram- 
marian, and  rhetorician  Lucius  Annaeus  Cornutus.  Persius  went  to 
this  distinguished  master  at  the  age  of  sixteen  (A.  D.  50  or  51)  to  be 
instructed  in  the  Stoic  philosophy,  and  afterwards,  it  appears,  re- 
ceived him  into  his  house,  leaving  him  at  his  death  (a.  d.  62)  his 
library  and  a  large  sum  of  money,  of  which  the  former  only  was 
accepted  by  Cornutus. 

"  In  style  no  less  than  in  matter"  the  fifth  is  generally  regarded  as 
11  facile  princep8  amongst  the  Satires  of  Persius."  I  give  the  Argu- 
ment in  the  words  of  Pretor. 


ARGUMENT. 

1-4.  '  O  that  I  had  a  hundred  tongues ! '  says  Persius. 

5-18.  '  Why  so  ? '  (asks  Cornutus) :  '  they  are  not  needed  by  the 
Satirist.' 

19-51.  '  True  enough  :  but  I  require  them  to  enable  me  to  sing  your 
praises  worthily,  that  I  may  leave  a  fitting  record  of  my  gratitude  to 
you  (21-29),  of  your  kindness  to  ine  (30-40),  and  of  our  mutual 
friendship  (41-51). 

52-61.  Men's  lives  are  varied,  but  most  men  feel  when  life  is  end- 
ing that  they  lack  something. 

62-72.  You  supply  that  want  by  bidding  them  seek  philosophy 
betimes ; 

73-90.  which  alone  can  give  a  liberty  far  surpassing  that  of  the 
slave  set  free  by  the  magistrate,  or  of  the  self-styled  '  independent ' 
man  ; 

91-104.  for  no  magistrate  can  impart  to  you  a  knowledge  of  the 

275 


276  NOTES. 

real  duties  of  life,  and  no  man  may  do  just  what  he  pleases,  but  only 
that  for  which  nature  has  fitted  him. 

105-114.  If  philosophy  has  taught  you  to  distinguish  between 
virtue  and  vice,  and  to  free  your  soul  from  the  dominion  of  the 
passions,  you  are  really  and  truly  free ; 

115-123.  but,  if  you  are  not  entirely  in  the  right,  you  must  be  al- 
together in  the  wrong. 

124-131.  You  are  thinking  only  of  bodily  slavery,  and  forget  that 
you  may  be  the  slave  of  your  passions : 

132-141.  as  of  Avarice  ; 

142-153.  of  Luxury; 

154-160.  ( from  one  or  other  of  which  you  are  seldom  altogether  free:) 

161-174.  of  Love ; 

175-179.  of  Ambition ; 

180-188.  of  Superstition. 

189-191.  Tell  all  this  to  a  captain  in  the  army,  and  he  '11  laugh  at 
us  for  our  pains.' 


1,  2.  Vatibus  hie  mos  est,  this  is  a  way  bards  have.  Examples 
are  familiar  and  abundant;  cf.  Horn.  77.  ii.  488  sqq. ;  Verg.  Aen.  vi. 
625;  Georg.  ii.  43;  Ov.  Met.  viii.  532.  Valerius  Flaccus  (vi.  36) 
thinks  a  thousand  mouths  too  few. — In  carmina,  for  the  purposes  of 
song  (Conington). 

3.  Ponatur,  is  set  on  the  stage.     Others,  is  taken  in  hand. 

4.  Parthi  may  be  either  subjective  or  objective  genitive;  the 
wounds  may  be  those  he  inflicts,  drawing  his  scimitar  from  (near)  his 
groin,  or  those  from  which  he  suffers,  as  he  drags  the  dart  that  shot 
him  from  his  groin.     The  last  interpretation  is  much  to  be  preferred. 

5  sq.  Quantas  .  .  .  niti,  what  lumps  of  solid  poetry  are  you  cram- 
ming, so  big  that  you  require  to  strain  a  hundred  throats t 

7.  Nebulas  Helicone  legunto,  gather  fogs  on  Helicon  (Macleane). 

8,9.  If  there  be  any  who  are  going  to  set  Progne's  or  Thyestes's  pot 
a  boiling,  to  be  the  standing  supper  of  poor  stupid  Glycon  (Coning- 
ton). —  Glycon  was  a  tragic  actor  of  those  days,  who  could  not  under- 
stand a  joke.  "  He  was  probably  too  tragic,  and  seemed  as  if  he  had 
really  '  supped  full  of  horrors,'  in  spite  of  the  frequent  repetition  of 
the  process." 

10-13.  But  you  are  not  squeezing  wind  with  a  pair  of  panting 
bellows,  while  the  ore  is  smelting  in  the  furnace,  nor  with  pent-up 
murmur  croaking  hoarsely  to  yourself  some  solemn  nonsense,  nor 
straining  and  puffing  your  cheeks  till  they  give  way  with  a  "  plop." 
—  Stloppo.  A  word  occurring  nowhere  else,  perhaps  coined  by  Per- 
sius.    The  scholiast  says,  "stloppo  dixit  //era^optKws,  a  ludentibus 


THE    FIFTH    SATIRE    OF    PERSIUS.      277 

pueria,  qui  buccas  inflatas  subito  aperiunt,  et  totum  simul  flatum  cum 
sonitu  funduiit."  Stloppo  here  represents  the  explosion  of  the  poetic 
bombast  which  in  the  two  preceding  lines  has  been  represemr.l  as 
gathering.    Some  MSS»  read  scloppo,  and  so  Jahn  (1808). 

14.  Verba  togae,  the  language  of  every-day  life  at  Home,  espe- 
cially the  simple  and  easy,  but  refined,  language  of  good  socirt?/.  - 
Junctura  callidus  acri,  "with  dexterous  nicety  in  poor  combinations." 
Cf.  Hor.  A.  P.  47  sq. :  dixeris  egregie,  notum  si  callida  verbuiu  red- 
diderit  junctura  novum;  A.  P.  242  sq. :  tantum  series  junctunwuie 
pollet,  tantum  de  medio  sumptis  (cf.  "  verba  togae")  accedit  honoris. 

15.  Ore  teres  modico,  with  diction  well-turned  and  smooth.  —  Pal- 
lentis  radere  mores,  to  rasp  unwholesome  morals.  Pallentis,  pale 
from  vice  and  its  consequent  diseases. 

16.  Et  ingenuo  culpam  defigere  ludo,  and  carry  off  vice  on  your 
lance,  in  sport  that '«  fit  for  gentlemen. 

17.  Mycenis.     Dative.    "  Leave  Mycenae  its  feasts." 

18.  Capite  et  pedibus.  These  were  reserved  to  convince  Thyestea 
of  the  real  character  of  the  food  he  had  been  eating. 

Flebeia  prandia.  The  full  opposition  is  between  banquets  of  an 
unnatural  sort  in  the  heroic  ages  at  Mycenae,  known  in  these  <lavs 
only  as  stage-horrors,  with  no  lesson  for  life,  "  raw  head  and  bloody 
bones,"  as  Dryden  renders  it,  and  every-day  meals  (prandia,  not 
cenae)  of  the  simplest  kind,  in  common  society  at  Rome,  whicii  show 
ordinary  men  as  they  are.  (Conington.)  Mensa  is  contrasted  with 
prandia  (cf.  Sen.  Ep.  83,  6 :  sine  mensa  prandium)  as  banquet  with 
meal,  Tafel  with  Tisch.  (Gildersleeve.) 

Noris.  The  subjunctive  used  imperatively.  Novi  has  no  impera- 
tive of  its  own.  And  Persius  does  not  hesitate  to  connect  imperatives 
and  imperative  subjunctives;  cf.  Sat.  iii.  73  :  disce  nee  invideas. 

19.  Bullatis  nugis,  "  air-blown  trifles,"  "  frothy  nothings." 

22.  Excutienda,  to  be  sifted  thoroughly.  (Conington  and  Pretor.) 
The  metaphor  is  from  shaking  out  the  folds  of  a  robe,  to  see  if  any- 
thing was  concealed  in  them. 

24.  Ostendisse.  Once  for  all.    (Gildersleeve.) 

Pulsa,  strike  it,  knock  against  it ;  (to  judge  of  its  solidity  by  the  ring.) 

25.  Pictae  tectoria  linguae,  the  stucco  of  a  painted  tongue,  for 
(i  painted  tongue- stucco."  (Conington,  "  the  mere  plaster  of  a  varn- 
ished tongue.") 

26.  Hie  =  in  hoc  re.  Others  read  his,  which  would  mean  ad  haec. 
DepoBcere.  Notice  the  determination  that  lies  in  deposcere.    (Gil- 
dersleeve.) 

Y 


278  NOTES. 

27.  Sinuoso  in  pectore,  "  in  the  very  recesses  of  my  breast." 

28.  Voce  pura.  Opposed  to  pictae  linguae. 

29.  Fibra,  "heart-strings." 

30.  "  When  first  the  purple  resigned  its  dreaded  guardianship  over 
me."  — Pavido.  I.  e.  trembling  under  those  who  watched  over  me. — 
Purpura.  I.  e.  the  toga  praetexta,  with  its  purple  border,  which  was 
worn  by  boys,  but  laid  aside  when  they  took  the  toga  virilis.  On  the 
praetexta  as  a  symbol  of  sanctity,  cf.  Quint.  Decl.  340 :  sacrum  prae- 
textarum,  quo  sacecdotes  velantur,  quo  magistratus,  quo  infirmitatem 
pueritiae  sacram  facimus  ac  venerabilem. 

31.  On  the  day  when  the  toga  virilis  was  assumed,  the  boy  dedi- 
cated to  the  gods  his  bulla,  his  playthings,  and  his  long  locks. 

Persius  calls  the  Lares  succincti,  girt  up,  in  allusion  to  the  cinctus 
Gabinus,  in  which  they  were  always  represented ;  the  free  movement 
of  the  body  which  this  style  of  dress  allowed  befitted  them  as  deities 
ever  ready  to  act  and  help. 

32  sq.  Cum  blandi  comites,  when  companions  were  enticing.— To- 
taque  .  .  .  Subura,  and  my  new  toga  virilis  allowed  me  to  go  freely 
in  every  part  of  the  town.  —  The  Subura  was  the  most  thronged  and 
the  busiest  part  of  Rome.  Cf.  Juv.  iii.  5;  xi.  51.  —  Jam  candidus. 
No  longer  with  the  purple  border,  but  now  all  white,— toga  pura,  the 
toga  virilis.  —  Umbo,  the  gathering  of  the  folds  of  the  toga  over  the 
breast ;  here  put  for  the  whole  toga. 

34.  Iter,  the  way  of  life.— Vitae  nescius  error,  ramblings,  through 
ignorance  of  life. 

35.  Deducit.  Certainly  the  right  reading,  although  Jahn  (1868) 
adopts  diducit.  Gildersleeve  cites  Schliiter's  neat  distinction :  homi- 
nes in  compita  ubi  viae  diducuntur,  deduci  dicuntur. — Trepidas,  be- 
wildered.— Kamosa  in  compita,  to  the  fork  where  the  roads  branch 
off.  Persius  alludes  to  the  old  image  of  the  two  diverging  paths, 
which  represent  the  alternative  offered  to  youth  of  virtue  or  vice,  at 
the  end  of  the  unconscious  life  of  infancy  and  childhood. 

36.  Me  tibi  supposui,  "  I  threw  myself  as  a  son  into  your  arms." 
(Gildersleeve.)    "  I  put  myself  under  your  teaching."  (Macleane.) 

37  sq.  Fallere  .  .  .  sollers,  your  ruler,  skilful  to  surprise,  straight- 
ens my  moral  twists  to  which  it  is  applied. — Intortos  mores,  "  my 
warped  nature." 

39.  Premitur,  is  moulded.  Or,  is  broken  in ;  cf.  Verg.  Aen.  vi. 
80.  —  Vincique  laborat,  and  struggles  to  be  subdued. 

40.  Artificem,  artistic,  finished.  —  Ducit,  takes  on;  "like  saxa  .  . 
ducere  formam  (Ov.  Met.  i.  402)." 


THE    FIFTH    SATIRE    OF    PERSIUS.        279 

42.  Frimas  noctes,  the  early  hours  of  the  night.  —  Epulis.  Either 
"for  feasts,"  or  "from  the  banquet,  (for  study)." 

43.  Requiem,  se.  unam. 

45.  Non  with  the  imperative  subjunctive,  instead  of  the  regular  ne, 
is  found  also  in  Pers.  Sat.  i.  5.     It  is  frequent  in  Juvenal. 

46.  Cf  Hor.  Carm.  ii.  17,  21  sq. :  utrumque  nostrum  incredibili 
modo  consentit  astrum.— Duci,  are  guided.  So  Conington  translates, 
although  he  says  in  his  commentary,  "duci,  apparently  =  cepisse 
originem." 

48.  Nata  fidelibus  bora,  the  birth-hour  ordained  for  faithful 
friends. 

49.  In,  between.  "  Dividit  in  Geminos,  like  dividere  nummos  in 
viros." 

50.  Gravem.  The  influence  of  Saturn  was  regarded  in  astrology  as 
malignant.  — -  Nostro  Jove,  our  own  Jupiter,  Jupiter  who  to  us  is 
propitious. 

51.  Nescio  quod  astrum,  some  star  there  is.  Nescio  quod  is  a 
livelier  substitute  for  aliquod.  Conington  most  unaccountably  pre- 
fers the  reading  nescio  quid.  We  want  the  adjective  pronoun  here, 
not  the  substantive.  —  Me  tibi  temperat,  blends  vie  with  thee. 

52.  Rerum  usus,  the  practice  of  life.  —  Discolor,  of  various  hue  ; 
"  wears  the  most  different  colors." 

53.  Velle  suum,  his  own  desire.  Persius  is  very  fond  of  the  use 
of  the  infinitive  as  a  regular  substantive.  Conington  cites  i.  9  :  nos- 
trum istud  vivere  triste ;  i.  27  :  scire  tuum;  i.  122 :  ridere  meum;  iii. 
17:  pappare  minutum ;  iii.  18:  mammae  lallare;  vi.  38:  sapere 
nostrum. 

54.  Recenti,  i.  e.  eastern.  Conington  compares  Verg.  Georg.  i. 
288 :  sole  novo  terras  inrorat  Eous. 

55.  Rugosum  piper.  "  The  shrivelling,  being  the  effect  of  the 
sun,  distinguishes  it  from  the  Italian  pepper."  —  Pallentis  cumini. 
Effect  for  cause  ;  pale  because  producing  paleness.  Cf.  Hor.  Epp.  i. 
lit,  18:  ezsangue  cuminum.     Cumin  was  a  favorite  condiment. 

56.  Inriguo  turgescere  somno,  "  to  bloat  himself  with  balmy 
sleep."  Some  take  inriguus  as  implying  that  the  man  has  well 
drunken ;  one  commentator  is  vulgar  enough  to  make  it  "  sweaty." 

57.  Campo.  The  sports  and  athletic  exercises  of  the  Campus  Mar- 
ti us.  —  Decoquit,  runs  through  with. 

59.  Veteris  ramalia  fagi,  "  like  the  boughs  of  an  old  beech-tree." 
"  Mr.  Paley  has  suggested  to  me,"  says  Pretor,  "  that  </>«7y«j  and  fagus 
are  probably  identical,  and  represent  the  edible  acorn  tree  {quercus 


280  NOTES. 

aescula)  rather  than  the  beech  as  the  latter  word  is  ordinarily  trans- 
lated." 

60.  Crassos,  gross.  —  Palustrem.  I.  e.  dimmed  by  marsh  vapors 

61.  Sibi,  with  ingemuere.  (Con.)  —  Kelictam  =  ante  actam. 

63  sq.  Cultor  introduces  the  metaphor  which  is  carried  on  in  pur- 
gatas,  inserts,  and  fruge.  Purgatas,  cleared  of  weeds.  Insere  aures 
fruge,  a  variety  for  inserere  auribus  fruges.  Fruge,  here  of  grain 
for  seed.  (Conington.) 

64.  Fruge  Cleantbea,  the  grain  of  Cleanthes,  i.  e.  the  pure  doc- 
trines of  the  Stoics. 

65.  Finem  certum,  a  definite  aim. 

66.  Idem  eras  net.  I.  e.  "  to-morrow  will  tell  the  same  tale  as  to- 
day." 

66  sq.  Quid?  quasi  magnum  nempe  diem  donas  ?  What?  do  you 
mean  to  say  that  it  is  as  if  it  were  a  great  present  that  you  give  me  a 
day? 

69.  Egerit  hos  annos,  is  baling  out  these  years  of  ours. 
1.  Cantum,  the  tire;  here  put  for  the  wheel  itself. 

72.  Cum,  seeing  that. 

73  sqq.  With  this  verse  the  real  argument  of  the  satire  begins, 
after  the  address  to  Cornutus.  The  theme  is  libertate  opus  est.  — 
Velina,  sc.  tribu.  —  "  The  name  of  a  man's  tribe  is  put  in  the  abla- 
tive as  a  whence  case."  —  Hon  hac,  ut  .  .  .  .  possidet,  not  after  the 
prevalent  fashion,  by  which  each  man  that  has  worked  his  way  up  to 
a  Publius  in  the  Veline  tribe  is  owner  of  a  ticket  for  a  ration  of 
musty  spelt.  (Gildersleeve.)  —  Publius.  When  a  slave  was  given  his 
liberty  he  took  his  master's  praenomen  and  gentile  name.  —  Tesse- 
rula.  A  contemptuous  diminutive.     Cf.  Juv.  vii.  174,  note. 

75.  Veri.  Genitive. 

76.  Vertigo,  twirl.  "  The  reference  is  to  the  manumissio  per  vin- 
dictam,  which  made  a  slave  a  full  citizen,  the  lictor  touching  him 
with  the  vindicta,  the  master  turning  him  round  and  '  dismissing  him 
from  his  hand'  with  the  words  hunc  hominem  liberum  esse  volo."  — 
Non  tressis,  not  worth  three  coppers. 

77.  In,  in  the  mailer  of.  —  Farragine,  a  feed  of  corn. 

78.  Momento  turbinis  exit,  literally  by  the  motion  of  the  twirl  he 
comes  out  with  a  praenomen.  Almost  =  "  by  the  mere  act  of  twirl- 
ing." 

79.  Papae,  prodigious  !    "  Wondrous  change ! " 

79-81.  Marco  ....  tabellas.  "  After  this,  can  anybody  think  of 
his  antecedents  —  hesitate  about  lending  money  on  his  security  — 


THE    FIFTH    SATIRE    OF    PERSIUS.        281 

feel  qualms  when  he  is  on  the  bench  ?  Impossible !  he  is  a  Roman — 
his  word  is  good  for  anything  —  so  is  his  signature."  (Conington.) 

81.  Adsigna  tabellas,  put  your  seal  to  this  document,  as  a  witness. 

82.  Pillea  (pilea),  liberty  caps,  which  were  put  on  the  heads  of 
slaves  when  they  were  manumitted. 

83-85.  An  .  .  .  Bruto.  So  speaks  the  stable-boy,  just  become  a 
citizen. 

84.  With  the  second  licet  supply  mihi. 

85.  Bruto.  Than  the  very  founder  of  Roman  liberty.  —  Mendose 
colligis,  your  syllogism  is  faulty. 

86.  Stoicus  hie,  our  stoic  friend,  is  Persius's  way  of  describing 
himself,  like  the  common  expression  hie  homo,  avfip  86e.  (Conington.) 
—  Aurem  mordaci  lotus  aceto,  his  ear  well  rinsed  with  good  sharp 
vinegar.    Vinegar  was  used  in  cases  of  deafness. 

87.  Licet  ....  tolle.  I  deny  your  minor.  "  I  deny  both  that  you 
have  a  will,  and  that  you  are  free  to  follow  it."  —  Pretor  makes  the 
stoic's  admission  (reliqua  accipio)  less  comprehensive  than  the  major, 
and  confined  to  the  word  vivere :  "  The  mere  fact  that  you  are  a  liv- 
ing creature  I  admit ;  the  inference  contained  in  licet  and  ut  volo  I 
altogether  deny." 

88.  Vindicta.  Instrumental  ablative.  Cf.  verse  76,  note.  —  Meus, 
my  own  man. 

90.  Masuri  rubrica,  the  canon  of  Masurius.  The  allusion  is  to 
Masurius  Sabinus,  an  eminent  lawyer  in  the  reigns  of  Tiberius  and 
Nero,  who  wrote  a  work  in  three  books  entitled  Jus  Civile.  —  Ru- 
brica. Because  the  titles  and  first  few  words  of  the  laws  were  com- 
monly picked  out  with  vermilion.  Cf.  Juv.  xiv.  192,  note.  —  Veta- 
vit  for  vetuit  is  found  nowhere  else,  except  in  a  note  of  Servius  on 
Verg.  Aen.  ii.  201.  Gildersleeve  compares  Kirke  White's  "  rudely 
blow'd." 

92.  "  While  I  pull  your  old  grandmother  out  of  the  heart  of  you." 
Veteres  avias,  "  old  grandmothers'  notions  ;"  "  as  we  say,  prejudices 
which  you  imbibed  with  your  mother's  milk." 

Non  erat,  it  was  not,  as  you  thought.    Gildersleeve. 

93  gq.  Tenuia  (trisyllable,  as  in  Verg.  Georg.  i.  397,  ii.  121,  iv.  38) 
rerum  officia,  the  delicate  distinctions  of  practical  duty. — Usum 
rapidae  vitae,  "  the  right  management  of  the  rapid  course  of  life." 

95.  Sambucam,  dulcimer;  " a  translation  not  strictly  correct,  al- 
though '  dulcimer'  suggests  the  exotic  refinement  of  the  sambuca,  a 
four-stringed  instrument  of  Eastern  origin,  synonymous  with  culti- 
vated luxury."  —  Citius  aptaveris,  "  Q&ttov  &>  ap^datiat  •  written  out, 
Y2 


282  notes. 

citius  aptaveris  quam  praetor  det,  but  it  is  better  not  written  out. 
Notice  the  Perfect  Subjunctive.  '  You  would  sooner  succeed  in 
making  a  dulcimer  fit,  sooner  get  a  dulcimer  to  fit  [the  hand  of]  a 
hulking  camp-porter.' "     (Gildersleeve.) 

96.  Stat  contra,  confronts  you.     Of.  Juv.  iii.  290. 

97.  "  That  no  one  be  allowed  to  do  what  he  will  spoil  in  the  doing" 
98  sq.  Publica  lex,  "the  general  code,"  "the  universal  law."  — 

Continet  hoc  fas,  ut  teneat  vetitos  inscitia  debilis  actus,  withholds 
from  weak  ignorance  the  right  of  reaching  heights  of  action  for- 
bidden it  (i.  e.  above  its  capacity).  Teneo,  to  attain,  reach,  as  in 
teneo  collem,  teneo  portum.  Here,  ss  to  compass.  So  J.  E.  Yonge 
(Journal  of  Philology,  1873),  according  to  whom  the  argument  of 
verses  96-99  is  as  follows :  Reason  takes  away  that  "  licet."  '  You 
may  not  do,'  she  says,  '  what  you  will  only  spoil.'  *■  You  cannot  do,' 
adds  Nature  herself,  '  what  is  above  your  powers.'  The  ordinary 
interpretation  is  very  different :  thus  Conington  translates,  "  It  is  a 
statute  contained  in  the  general  code  of  humanity  and  nature,  that 
ignorance  and  imbecility  operate  as  an  embargo  on  a  forbidden  ac- 
tion." Jahn  takes  teneat  in  the  sense  of  pursue,  instead  of  either 
refrain  from  or  attain. 

100.  Certo  conpescere  puncto  examen,  to  bring  the  index  of  the 
steel-yard  to  rest  at' a  certain  point ;  i.  e.  to  weigh  accurately.  The 
examen  is  the  tongue  or  index  of  the  statera  (sieel-yard). 

102.  Navem  poscat  sibi,  should  ask  for  the  command  of  a  ship. 

103.  Melicerta,  a  name  for  Palaemon,  son  of  Leucothoe,  identified 
with  Portunus,  a  protecting  god  of  harbors. 

104.  Frontem,  modesty.  —  De  rebus,  from  the  world.— Recto  talo 
=  uprightly. 

105.  Veri  speciem  dinoscere,  to  distinguish  the  semblance  of  truth 
(from  its  reality). 

106.  Ne  qua  {species)  .  .  .  auro,  "  that  no  seeming  truth  give  a 
faulty  ring,  due  to  the  copper  underneath  the  gold" 

107.  Vicissim,  on  the  other  hand. 

109.  Presso  lare,  "  your  establishment  within  your  income  t" 

111.  Cf.  Hor.  Epp.  i.  16,  63  sq. 

112.  Without  greedily  gulping  down  the  water  of  treasure  trove  in 
your  mouth  t  (Conington.)  So  Gifford:  "Without  finding  like  a 
greedy  glutton  that  your  mouth  waters  at  the  sight  of  such  a  prize." 

113.  Haec  mea  sunt,  teneo,  these  qiialities  are  mine,  I  possess  them. 

114.  Praetoribus  ac  Jove  dextro,  by  the  favor  of  the  praetors  and 
Jove  as  well. 


THE    FIFTH    SATIRE    OF    PERSIUS.        283 

115.  Nostre  farinae,  of  our  grain  ;  M  one  of  our  batch  ; "  i.  e.  of 
the  Stoic  school. 

117.  Relego,  /  take  back.  The  word  is  used  in  Valerius  Flaecus 
vi.  237  of  drawing  back  a  spear.  —  Vapido  in  pectore,  in  the  musty 
cellar  of  your  bosom. 

118.  Funem  reduco,  I  draw  in  the  rope.  —  The  sum  of  the  lour 
verses  115-118  is  thus  given  by  Gildersleeve :  If,  despite  your  fair 
weniing,  your  smooth  regal  brow,  you  retain  your  old  nature,  and  the 
old  Reynard  —  the  old  rascal  that  swindled  his  master  for  a  feed  of 
corn  —  is  still  in  your  heart,  I  take  back  all  that  1  have  granted; 
you  're  a  slave  still. 

119  sq.  Nil  ....  est  ?  Reason  has  given  you  no  power  over  any- 
th  ing ;  put  out  your  finger,  and  you  make  a  wrong  move  ;  and  yet  (et 
=  et  tamen)  what  action  so  trivial  t 

120.  Litabis,  "  taken  in  connection  with  the  next  line,  has  virtu- 
ally the  force  of  impetrabis." 

122.  Haec.  I.  e.  stultum  et  rectum. 

123.  "  You  cannot  dance  in  time  even  three  steps  of  Bathyllus's 
satyr."  —  Ad  numeros  moveri  is  to  take  steps  in  time.  —  Moveare  ■■ 
mover  i  pot  es. —  Satyrum  is  a  kind  of  cognate  accusative.  —  Bathyl- 
lus  was  a  comic  dancer  in  the  time  of  Augustus.  "  The  mention  of 
him  here  is  an  instance  of  Persius's  habit  of  looking  rather  to  books 
than  to  life." 

124.  Unde  datum  hoc  sentis,  "  who  gave  you  leave  to  think  so?  " 
—  Subdite,  vocative.     The  thought  is,  cum  subditus  sis. 

126.  The  strigiles  (cf.  Juv.  iii.  263)  would  be  carried  to  the  bath, 
that  the  master  might  use  them  after  bathing.  Of  course  he  would 
want  his  own.  —  Crispinus  seems  to  be  the  name  of  the  bath-keeper. 

127.  Servitium  acre,  the  goad  of  bondage. 

129.  Quod  nervos  agitet,  to  jerk  your  wires. 

130.  Qui,  how. 

131.  Atque  =  quam. 

132.  Heia,  come  ! 

133.  Negas,  No,  say  you. 

134.  Ponto,  from  Pontus. 

135.  Lubrica  Coa.  Probably,  gleaming  Coan  garments,  the  gossa- 
mer-like silks  of  Cos.    Others,  "the  oily  (or  laxative)  Coan  wines." 

136.  Recens,  "just  in."  —  Primus,  be  the  first  to ;  "  forestall  the 
market."  —  Sitiente,  "  thirsty  from  its  journey  over  the  desert,  before 
the  driver  has  had  time  to  attend  to  its  wants." 

137.  Verte,  turn  something  over ;  your  money  or  your  stock.    The 


284  NOTES. 

scholiast  interprets  it,  negotiate,  et  speciem  pro  specie  commute.  — 
Eheu,  whew  ! 

138  sq.  Baro  (varo)  you  lout  (Conington),  "Querkopf,"  "Tolpel." 
—  Regustatum  .  .  .  perages,  "  you  will  go  on  to  the  end  of  the  chap- 
ter satisfied  with  drilling  a  hole  with  your  thumb  in  the  salt  cellar 
that  you've  had  so  many  a  taste  out  of."  Rubbing  the  salt-cellar 
into  holes  to  get  the  last  grain  of  salt  expresses,  as  says  Macleane,  the 
extremity  of  poverty.  —  Cum,  "  on  good  terms  with." 

140.  Pueris  aptas,  you  are  thrusting  on  the  slaves ;  you  are  load- 
ing the  slaves  with.  —  Fellem,  a  skin,  used  perhaps  as  a  packing- 
cloth.    Others,  "  a  peasant's  coat  of  untanned  hide,  /Jam?." 

142.  Rapias,  scour.  —  Sollers,  artful. 

143.  Seductum  moneat,  takes  you  aside  for  a  warning. 

144.  Mascula  =  robusta.  —  Bilis  here  implies  madness. 
146.  Tun  =  tu-ne.  — Fulto  agrees  with  tibi. 

147  sq.  Veientanumque  ....  obba,  and  shall  a  squab  jug  exhale 
the  fumes  of  reddish  Veientan  spoilt  by  the  fusty  pitch  t  —  Casks  and 
jars  were  pitched  in  order  to  preserve  the  wine. 

149  sq.  Ut  nummi  ....  deunces,  that  your  money  you  had  been 
nursing  here  at  a  modest  five  per  cent.,  may  go  on  to  sweat  out  a 
greedy  eleven  per  cent,  f 

151  sq.  Nostrum  .  .  .  vivis,  your  life  is  ours,  belongs  to  you  and 
me :  all  we  have  now  is  that  you  live.  Two  other  explanations  are, 
only  that  part  of  life  which  you  bestow  on  me  is  life ;  and,  It  is  all 
in  our  favor  that  you  are  alive. 

153.  Hoc  quod  loquor  inde  est,  this  very  speech  of  mine  is  so  much 
taken  off  from  it. 

154.  Cf.  Verg.  Aen.  ii.  39  :  scinditur  incertum  studia  in  contraria 
vulgus.  —  Duplici  hamo,  a  couple  of  hooks. 

155  and  156.  Alternus,  by  turns.  —  Oberres,  go  at  large. 

159.  Nodum,  "  the  knot,  by  which  the  chair  is  fastened  to  the  bar 
of  the  door  (sera).     Cf.  Prop.  iv.  11,  26." 

161-174.  A  dialogue  between  a  confidential  slave,  Davus,  and  his 
young  master,  Chaerestratus,  imitated  from  the  JEunuchus  of  Me- 
nander. 

163.  An  ...  .  cognatis,  what !  shall  I  be  a  standing  disgrace  in 
the  way  of  my  sober  relations  t 

165.  TJdas,  dripping.  Variously  explained,  as  "  with  unguents," 
"with  wine,"  "with  tears,"  "  with  rain"  (cf.  Hor.  Carm.  iii.  10,  19 
sq. :  non  hoc  semper  erit  liminis  aut  aquae  caelestis  patieus  latus). 

169.  Puer,  my  boy. 


THE    FIFTH    SATIRE    OF    PERSIUS.        285 

170.  Trepidare,  to  be  restive. 

174.  Hie,  adverb.  "  If  a  man  can  make  such  a  resolution  and 
keep  it,  he  is  the  free  man,  —  not  the  lictor's  whirligig." 

175.  Festuca,  straw,  stubble.  "  Plutarch,  de  S.  N.  Vind.,  p.  550, 
says  that  one  of  the  lictors  threw  stubble  on  the  manumitted  slave. 
The  word  appears  to  be  technical,  not  used  in  a  contemptuous  sense. 
Krf'stiicare  occurs  in  the  laws  of  the  Alemanni  and  Saxons,  and 
elsewhere  in  mediaeval  Latinity.  Palgrave  (Hist,  of  Normandy  and 
England,  vol.  ii.,  q.  v.)  says,  '  No  symbol  was  of  such  universal  appli- 
cation among  ancient  nations  as  the  stipula,  the  festuca,  the  culm, 
the  harem.' "     (Conington.) 

176.  Palpo,  "  maker  of  smooth  speeches." 

177  sq.  Cretata  ambitio,  "  the  white-washed  goddess  of  canvass- 
ing." (Conington.)  The  toga  of  candidates  for  office  (candidati) 
was  rubbed  with  chalk  to  make  it  whiter.  —  Vigila,  "  be  up  early ; " 
"  look  alive."— Cicer  . . .  populo,"  ply  the  scrambling  rabble  well  with 
peas."  (Pretor.)  Cicer,  retches,  a  cheap  article  of  food.  —  Nostra. 
I.  e.  celebrated  in  our  aedileship.  —  Floralia.  At  the  festival  of 
Flora  (28th  April  to  3d  May  i  plays  and  brilliant  games  were  exhib- 
ited, whose  handsome  preparation  was  one  of  the  most  important 
duties  of  a  curule  aedile.  Among  other  customs  of  the  festival,  beans 
and  vetches,  the  customary  food  of  the  lower  classes,  were  thrown 
among  the  people,  who  scrambled  for  them  to  fill  their  bosoms.  Cf. 
Hor.  Sat.  ii.  3,  182;  Mart.  viii.  78,  8. 

179.  Aprici  *■  apricantes.  —  Quid  pulchrius  !  Best  taken  as  the 
comment  of  the  old  men  upon  the  remembered  splendors  of  the 
entertainment:  Was  ever  anything  finer  t  Jahn  thinks  it  an  iron- 
ical comment  of  Persius. 

180.  Herodis  dies.  According  to  the  scholiast,  the  birthday  of 
Herod  the  Great,  which  would  naturally  be  celebrated  by  the  Hero- 
dians.  "  Horace,  in  his  various  mentions  of  Judaism,evidently  implies 
that  it  was  spreading,  talked  of,  if  not  favored  by  the  higher  orders." 

180  sqq.  XInctaque  ....  violas,  and  the  lamps,  arranged  in  the 
greasy  windows,  supporting  violet- wreaths,  send  up  their  unctuous 
clouds.  —  The  violae  may  have  been  either  our  violets  or  pansies. 

182.  Rubrum,  "  the  common  color  of  pottery."  —  Amplexa,  coiled 
round. 

183.  Tumet,  bulges. 

184.  Sabbata.  "  Persius  seems  to  mix  up  feasts  and  fasts  rather 
strangely,  apparently  with  the  notion  that  all  the  Jewish  observances 
were  gloomy."— Palles.  Cf.  Hor.  Carm.  iii.  27,  28. 


286  NOTES. 

185.  Turn,  next.  —  Lemares,  hobgoblins.  —  Ovo  pericnla  rupto. 
The  scholiast  says  priests  used  to  put  eggs  on  the  fire  and  observe 
whether  the  moisture  came  out  from  the  side  or  the  top,  the  bursting 
of  the  egg  being  considered  a  very  dangerous  sign.  This  observation 
was  called  taooKmracfj.     (Conington  and  Jahn.) 

186.  Two  kinds  of  superstition  are  indicated  :  the  old  one  of  Cybele, 
and  the  later  one  of  Isis.  —  Lusca.  "  Blindness  was  a  special  visita- 
tion of  Isis.  The  priestess  is  supposed  to  be  called  lusca,  as  having 
herself  felt  the  wrath  of  the  goddess."  187.  Incussere  deos  inflan- 
tis  corpora,  strike  into  you  the  gods  that  have  a  way  of  swelling  out 
men's  bodies,  i.  e.  that  send  various  diseases.  —  Incussere.  Gnomic 
aorist. 

188.  Praedictuxn,  prescribed. 

189  sq.  Dixeris  .  .  ridet  =  si  dixeris,  ridet.  —  Varricosos,  i.  e.  qui 
varices  habent,  qualibus  laborare  solent  qui  diu  multumque  stant  vel 
pedibus  eunt.  (Jahn.)  "  With  the  large  calves,"  Conington.  Others, 
straddling.  * 

190.  Crassum  ridet,  "breaks  into  a  horse-laugh." — Fulfennius.  The 
name  is  written  various  ways  in  the  MSS.,  as  Vulfenius,  Pulfennius 
("  J  aim's  last ").  Fulfennius  was  preferred  by  Jahn  in  his  first  edi- 
tion, both  as  found  in  two  MSS.  summae  auctoritatis  and  in  an  ancient 
inscription  (Murat.  p.  816,  7).  But  the  question  is  one  on  the  shadow 
of  an  ass.  —  Ingens,  "  huge ; "  "  great,  overgrown."  "  Persius  hates 
the  military  cordially  as  the  most  perfect  specimens  of  developed 
animalism,  and  consequently  most  antipathetic  to  a  philosopher." 
(Conington,  on  Pers.  Sat.  iii.  77-87.)    • 

191.  And  bids  "  a  clipped  dollar "  for  a  hundred  Greek  philos- 
ophers. 


s.nsai 


CHASE  &  STUART'S 

CLASSICAL  SERIES, 

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